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Khurshid H, Yoosuf R, Zafar H, Attanayake SB, Azeem M, Issa BA, Anjum DH, Srikanth H. From multi-segmented to core/shell nanorods: morphology evolution in Fe-Au nanorods by tuning fabrication conditions. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:185602. [PMID: 36716488 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acb715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aiming to obtain hybrid magneto-plasmonic nanostructures, we have developed multisegmented and core/shell structured Fe-Au nanorods using template assisted electrochemical deposition. A facile method of tuning the growth pattern of multisegmented nanorods into core/shell structured is demonstrated. With a precise control of current density and deposition time, a brick-stacked wire like growth led to the formation of hollow nanotubes that could be further tuned to multilayered hollow nanotubes and core/shell structured nanorods. TEM imaging and STEM-EELS technique were used to explore the morphology, microstructure and the distribution of Au and Fe in the nanorods. The easy magnetization direction was found to be perpendicular to the nanorods' growth direction in the segmented nanorods. On the other hand, core/shell nanorods exhibited isotropic behavior. Our findings provide deeper insights into the fabrication of hybrid nanorods and the opportunity to tune the fabrication method to vary their morphology accordingly. Such studies will benefit design of hybrid nanorods with specific morphologies and physical properties and hence their integration into sensing, spintronics and other potential biomedical and technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafsa Khurshid
- Department of Applied Physics and Astronomy, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rahana Yoosuf
- Department of Applied Physics and Astronomy, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Humaira Zafar
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Supun B Attanayake
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa FL, United States of America
| | - Muhammad Azeem
- Department of Applied Physics and Astronomy, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bashar A Issa
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dalaver H Anjum
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hariharan Srikanth
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa FL, United States of America
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2
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Dutta S, Singh MK, Bobji MS. High-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy Imaging to Understand the Growth Kinetics of Nickel Nanorods. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:972-978. [PMID: 36621978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the growth kinetics of nickel nanorods inside commercially available Whatman nanoporous membrane is explored to achieve uniform deposition over a large area of the membrane. Uniform electrodeposition inside nanopores requires continuous presence of solute ions near the deposition site and reduction of ions. To control ion diffusion and reduction near the deposition site, the effect of DC potential and pulsed potential with various duty cycles and solution temperatures is analyzed. Time-dependent variation in deposition current is recorded for all experiments. For different experimental conditions, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image is acquired. SEM along with the current density profile helped to understand the deposition mechanism for various growth conditions. Experiments confirmed that pulse deposition with a small duty cycle is promising to achieve uniform deposition. Also, by changing the pulse duty cycle, a sectioned nanostructure can be obtained. Based on the electron microscopic observation for various deposition conditions used in this work, it is concluded that initially nickel ions adhere to the pore surfaces due to high surface energy. When a potential is applied, ions reduce and a hollow nanotube structure forms. With time, concentric growth continues by forming a solid nanorod structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Dutta
- Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Mahesh K Singh
- Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Musuvathi S Bobji
- Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Road, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
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3
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Vorobjova A, Tishkevich D, Shimanovich D, Zubar T, Astapovich K, Kozlovskiy A, Zdorovets M, Zhaludkevich A, Lyakhov D, Michels D, Vinnik D, Fedosyuk V, Trukhanov A. The influence of the synthesis conditions on the magnetic behaviour of the densely packed arrays of Ni nanowires in porous anodic alumina membranes. RSC Adv 2021; 11:3952-3962. [PMID: 35424352 PMCID: PMC8694122 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07529a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The densely packed arrays of Ni nanowires of 70 nm diameter and 6–12 μm length were obtained via electrodeposition into porous alumina membranes (PAAMs) of 55–75 μm thickness.
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Nogueira V, Sousa CT, Araujo JP, Pereira R. Evaluation of the toxicity of nickel nanowires to freshwater organisms at concentrations and short-term exposures compatible with their application in water treatment. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 227:105595. [PMID: 32911330 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In order to understand the potential impacts of nickel nanowires (Ni NWs) after reaching the aquatic environment, this research evaluated the toxicity of Ni NWs with different lengths (≤ 1.1, ≤11 and ≤ 80 μm) for several floating, planktonic and nektonic freshwater organisms. In this work, Ni NWs were synthesized by electrodeposition using anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes. The toxicity of the NWs was assessed using a battery of aquatic species representative of key functions at the ecosystem level: the bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri, the algae Raphidocelis subcapitata, the macrophyte Lemna minor, the crustacean Daphnia magna and the zebrafish Danio rerio. Results indicated that for the concentrations tested (up to 2.5 mg L-1) the synthesized Ni NWs showed low toxicity. And although no lethal toxicity was observed for D. magna, at a sublethal level the feeding activity of the freshwater cladoceran was severely affected after exposure to Ni NWs. These findings showed that NWs can be accumulated in the gut of D. magna, even during a short exposure (24 h) directly impairing Daphnia nutrition and eventually populations growth. Consequently, this can also contribute to trophic transfer of NWs along the food chain. According to our results the toxicity of Ni NW may be mainly attributed to physical effects rather than chemical effects of Ni ions, considering that the concentrations of Ni NWs tested in this study were well below the toxicity thresholds reported in the literature for Ni ions and for Ni NMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Nogueira
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR) and Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do campo Alegre s/n, Porto, Portugal.
| | - C T Sousa
- Institute of Physics for Advanced Materials, Nanotechnology and Photonics (IFIMUP), Department Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 678, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - J P Araujo
- Institute of Physics for Advanced Materials, Nanotechnology and Photonics (IFIMUP), Department Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 678, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - R Pereira
- Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Center (GreenUPorto) and Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do campo Alegre s/n, Porto, Portugal.
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Vorobjova A, Tishkevich D, Shimanovich D, Zdorovets M, Kozlovskiy A, Zubar T, Vinnik D, Dong M, Trukhanov S, Trukhanov A, Fedosyuk V. Electrochemical Behaviour of Ti/Al 2O 3/Ni Nanocomposite Material in Artificial Physiological Solution: Prospects for Biomedical Application. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E173. [PMID: 31963901 PMCID: PMC7022230 DOI: 10.3390/nano10010173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic-based nanoelements such as nanoparticles (nanodots), nanopillars and nanowires, which have at least one dimension of 100 nm or less, have been extensively developed for biomedical applications. Furthermore, their properties can be varied by controlling such parameters as element shape, size, surface functionalization, and mutual interactions. In this study, Ni-alumina nanocomposite material was synthesized by the dc-Ni electrodeposition into a porous anodic alumina template (PAAT). The structural, morphological, and corrosion properties were studied using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and electrochemical techniques (linear sweep voltammetry). Template technology was used to obtain Ni nanopillars (NiNPs) in the PAAT nanocomposite. Low corrosion current densities (order of 0.5 µA/cm2) were indicators of this nanocomposite adequate corrosion resistance in artificial physiological solution (0.9% NaCl). A porous anodic alumina template is barely exposed to corrosion and performs protective functions in the composite. The results may be useful for the development of new nanocomposite materials technologies for a variety of biomedical applications including catalysis and nanoelectrodes for sensing and fuel cells. They are also applicable for various therapeutic purposes including targeting, diagnosis, magnetic hyperthermia, and drug delivery. Therefore, it is an ambitious task to research the corrosion resistance of these magnetic nanostructures in simulated body fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Vorobjova
- Department of Micro- and Nanoelectronics, Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, 220013 Minsk, Belarus; (A.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Daria Tishkevich
- Laboratory of Magnetic Films Physics, Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus; (T.Z.); (S.T.); (A.T.); (V.F.)
- Laboratory of Single Crystal Growth, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia;
| | - Dmitriy Shimanovich
- Department of Micro- and Nanoelectronics, Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, 220013 Minsk, Belarus; (A.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Maxim Zdorovets
- The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan; (M.Z.); (A.K.)
- L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan
- Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, 620075 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Artem Kozlovskiy
- The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan; (M.Z.); (A.K.)
| | - Tatiana Zubar
- Laboratory of Magnetic Films Physics, Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus; (T.Z.); (S.T.); (A.T.); (V.F.)
- Laboratory of Single Crystal Growth, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia;
| | - Denis Vinnik
- Laboratory of Single Crystal Growth, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia;
| | - Mengge Dong
- Department of Resource and Environment, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China;
| | - Sergey Trukhanov
- Laboratory of Magnetic Films Physics, Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus; (T.Z.); (S.T.); (A.T.); (V.F.)
- Laboratory of Single Crystal Growth, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia;
| | - Alex Trukhanov
- Laboratory of Magnetic Films Physics, Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus; (T.Z.); (S.T.); (A.T.); (V.F.)
- Laboratory of Single Crystal Growth, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia;
| | - Valery Fedosyuk
- Laboratory of Magnetic Films Physics, Scientific-Practical Materials Research Centre of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus; (T.Z.); (S.T.); (A.T.); (V.F.)
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6
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Abstract
Ni nanopillars (Ni NPs) composite materials formation technology was presented. The morphological and structural properties of the composite material were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction. The corrosion resistance of the nanocomposite materials has been studied by potentiodynamic polarization curves analysis. The composite represents the array of vertically ordered Ni NPs with the identical size in alumina matrix. XRD investigation indicates that Ni NPs are polynanocrystalline material. It has been shown that Ni NPs and the composite material have sufficient corrosion resistance in a 0.9% aqueous NaCl solution. Porous alumina matrix is the neutral and protective component of the composite. These nanocomposite materials can be excellent candidates for practical use in different applications.
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7
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Lodge AW, Hasan MM, Bartlett PN, Beanland R, Hector AL, Kashtiban RJ, Levason W, Reid G, Sloan J, Smith DC, Zhang W. Electrodeposition of tin nanowires from a dichloromethane based electrolyte. RSC Adv 2018; 8:24013-24020. [PMID: 35540274 PMCID: PMC9081706 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03183e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tin was electrodeposited from a dichloromethane-based electrolyte at ambient temperature into gold coated anodic alumina membranes with nanoscale pores. The tin nanowires are mainly 〈200〉 aligned, together with some 〈101〉 and 〈301〉 wires. Partial filling of the structure and a distribution of wire lengths was found. Grafting of the pores with hydrophobic surface groups was trialled as a means of modifying the deposition, however, it did not increase the proportion of pores in which wires grew. Under potentiostatic conditions the limited rates of nucleation and diffusion down the 1D pores control the growth of the nanowires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Lodge
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Mahboba M Hasan
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Philip N Bartlett
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Richard Beanland
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Andrew L Hector
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Reza J Kashtiban
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - William Levason
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Gillian Reid
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Jeremy Sloan
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - David C Smith
- Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Wenjian Zhang
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
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9
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Jeon YS, Kim SH, Park BC, Nam DY, Kim YK. Synthesis of Co nanotubes by nanoporous template-assisted electrodeposition via the incorporation of vanadyl ions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:1825-1828. [PMID: 28111653 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc09843f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a facile fabrication concept for nanotubes (NTs) based upon template-assisted electrodeposition, which is widely applied for metallic nanowire (NW) synthesis. Co NTs have been synthesized into nanoporous anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) templates via electrodeposition by simply adding a small amount of chemicals including vanadyl ions (VO2+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Sang Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Chen Y, Xu C, Zhou Y, Maaz K, Yao H, Mo D, Lyu S, Duan J, Liu J. Temperature- and Angle-Dependent Magnetic Properties of Ni Nanotube Arrays Fabricated by Electrodeposition in Polycarbonate Templates. NANOMATERIALS 2016; 6:nano6120231. [PMID: 28335359 PMCID: PMC5302721 DOI: 10.3390/nano6120231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Parallel arrays of Ni nanotubes with an external diameter of 150 nm, a wall thickness of 15 nm, and a length of 1.2 ± 0.3 µm were successfully fabricated in ion-track etched polycarbonate (PC) templates by electrochemical deposition. The morphology and crystal structure of the nanotubes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Structural analyses indicate that Ni nanotubes have a polycrystalline structure with no preferred orientation. Angle dependent hysteresis studies at room temperature carried out by using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) demonstrate a transition of magnetization between the two different magnetization reversal modes: curling rotation for small angles and coherent rotation for large angles. Furthermore, temperature dependent magnetic analyses performed with a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer indicate that magnetization of the nanotubes follows modified Bloch's law in the range 60-300 K, while the deviation of the experimental curve from this law below 60 K can be attributed to the finite size effects in the nanotubes. Finally, it was found that coercivity measured at different temperatures follows Kneller's law within the premises of Stoner-Wohlfarth model for ferromagnetic nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Chen
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Chen Xu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Yibo Zhou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Khan Maaz
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Nanomaterials Research Group, Physics Division, PINSTECH, Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan.
| | - Huijun Yao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Dan Mo
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Shuangbao Lyu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Jinglai Duan
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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11
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Vorobjova AI, Shimanovich DL, Yanushkevich KI, Prischepa SL, Outkina EA. Properties of Ni and Ni-Fe nanowires electrochemically deposited into a porous alumina template. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 7:1709-1717. [PMID: 28144520 PMCID: PMC5238694 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.7.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The comparative analysis of the electrochemical deposition of Ni and Ni-Fe nanowires (NWs) into ordered porous alumina templates is presented. The method developed allows for obtaining NWs of 50 ± 5 nm in diameter and 25 μm in length, i.e., with an aspect ratio of 500. XRD data demonstrate the polycrystalline nature of Ni and Ni-Fe in a face-centered cubic close-packed lattice. Both fabricated materials, Ni and Ni-Fe, have shown ferromagnetic properties. The specific magnetization value of Ni-Fe NWs in the alumina template is higher than that of the Ni sample and bulk Ni, also the Curie temperature of the Ni-Fe sample (790 K) is higher than that of the Ni sample one or bulk Ni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla I Vorobjova
- Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, P. Brovka 6, Minsk 220013, Belarus
| | - Dmitry L Shimanovich
- Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, P. Brovka 6, Minsk 220013, Belarus
| | - Kazimir I Yanushkevich
- Scientific and Practical Materials Research Center, Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, P. Brovka 19, Minsk 220072, Belarus
| | - Sergej L Prischepa
- Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, P. Brovka 6, Minsk 220013, Belarus
| | - Elena A Outkina
- Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, P. Brovka 6, Minsk 220013, Belarus
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12
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Nanoconfined nonequilibrium electrodeposition of metal-metal hydroxide one-dimensional nanostructures. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.10.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Proenca MP, Ventura J, Sousa CT, Vazquez M, Araujo JP. Angular first-order reversal curves: an advanced method to extract magnetization reversal mechanisms and quantify magnetostatic interactions. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:116004. [PMID: 24590238 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/11/116004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic properties of ordered hexagonal arrays of Co nanowires (NWs) and nanotubes (NTs) with diameters of 50 nm and interwire/tube distances of 105 nm were studied using first-order reversal curves (FORCs). We report an advanced analysis of angle dependent first-order reversal curves (AFORCs), measured by changing the angle of the applied magnetic field from θ = 0° (parallel to the wire/tube axis) to 90° (perpendicular). This method allowed us to determine the magnetization reversal mode and to retrieve quantitative information on the magnetostatic interactions between NWs and between NTs. In particular, we found a sharp increase in the coercivity distribution of the NT arrays for θ > 70°, which is attributed to a transition between vortex and transverse reversal modes. Local magnetic interactions are found to prevail in the Co NT arrays, steadily increasing from θ = 0° to 90°. However, in the Co NW arrays the mean magnetic interactions decrease as θ increases, going from ones similar to local interactions to ones smaller than them.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Proenca
- IFIMUP and IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Universidade de Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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14
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Proenca MP, Merazzo KJ, Vivas LG, Leitao DC, Sousa CT, Ventura J, Araujo JP, Vazquez M. Co nanostructures in ordered templates: comparative FORC analysis. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:475703. [PMID: 24176913 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/47/475703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A comparative study on the structural and magnetic properties of highly ordered hexagonal arrays of Co nanoholes, nanowires, nanopillars and nanotubes, with tuned pore/wire/tube diameters, is here presented. The magnetic interactions and their dependence on the geometric features of the arrays were studied using first-order reversal curves (FORCs). For all nanostructures we observe an increase of the magnetostatic interactions with the templates' pore diameter, with the higher (smaller) values found for the nanowire (nanohole) arrays. For the smallest diameters studied (35 nm), all types of arrays could be considered as almost isolated nanostructures, where local interactions prevail. In particular, both nanotube and nanohole arrays exhibit considerable local magnetostatic interactions coming from the stray fields within each void or empty core. On the other hand, the coercivity is found to decrease with diameter for the elongated nanostructures, while it increases with the pore diameter for the nanohole arrays. This behavior is associated with the magnetization reversal mechanisms present in each array. This work highlights a versatile route to tailor the size, geometrical arrangement and magnetostatic interactions of ordered arrays and demonstrates their importance for the tuning of the magnetic behavior of nanometric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Proenca
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. IFIMUP and IN-Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and Departamento Física e Astronomia, Universidade Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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15
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Prida VM, García J, Iglesias L, Vega V, Görlitz D, Nielsch K, Barriga-Castro ED, Mendoza-Reséndez R, Ponce A, Luna C. Electroplating and magnetostructural characterization of multisegmented Co54Ni46/Co85Ni15 nanowires from single electrochemical bath in anodic alumina templates. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2013; 8:263. [PMID: 23735184 PMCID: PMC3680049 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Highly hexagonally ordered hard anodic aluminum oxide membranes, which have been modified by a thin cover layer of SiO2 deposited by atomic layer deposition method, were used as templates for the synthesis of electrodeposited magnetic Co-Ni nanowire arrays having diameters of around 180 to 200 nm and made of tens of segments with alternating compositions of Co54Ni46 and Co85Ni15. Each Co-Ni single segment has a mean length of around 290 nm for the Co54Ni46 alloy, whereas the length of the Co85Ni15 segments was around 430 nm. The composition and crystalline structure of each Co-Ni nanowire segment were determined by transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction techniques. The employed single-bath electrochemical nanowire growth method allows for tuning both the composition and crystalline structure of each individual Co-Ni segment. The room temperature magnetic behavior of the multisegmented Co-Ni nanowire arrays is also studied and correlated with their structural and morphological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Prida
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, Calvo Sotelo s/n, Oviedo 33007, Spain
| | - Javier García
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, Calvo Sotelo s/n, Oviedo 33007, Spain
| | - Lucia Iglesias
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, Calvo Sotelo s/n, Oviedo 33007, Spain
| | - Victor Vega
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, Calvo Sotelo s/n, Oviedo 33007, Spain
| | - Detlef Görlitz
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Hamburg, Jungiusstraβe 11, Hamburg 20355, Germany
| | - Kornelius Nielsch
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Hamburg, Jungiusstraβe 11, Hamburg 20355, Germany
| | - Enrique Díaz Barriga-Castro
- Centro de Investigación de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas/Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 66450, Mexico
| | - Raquel Mendoza-Reséndez
- Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 66450, Mexico
| | - Arturo Ponce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Carlos Luna
- Centro de Investigación de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas/Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 66450, Mexico
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