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Modi JP, Shen W, Menzie-Suderam J, Xu H, Lin CH, Tao R, Prentice HM, Schloss J, Wu JY. The Role of NMDA Receptor Partial Antagonist, Carbamathione, as a Therapeutic Agent for Transient Global Ischemia. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1885. [PMID: 37509524 PMCID: PMC10377037 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbamathione (Carb), an NMDA glutamate receptor partial antagonist, has potent neuroprotective functions against hypoxia- or ischemia-induced neuronal injury in cell- or animal-based stroke models. We used PC-12 cell cultures as a cell-based model and bilateral carotid artery occlusion (BCAO) for stroke. Whole-cell patch clamp recording in the mouse retinal ganglion cells was performed. Key proteins involved in apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and heat shock proteins were analyzed using immunoblotting. Carb is effective in protecting PC12 cells against glutamate- or hypoxia-induced cell injury. Electrophysiological results show that Carb attenuates NMDA-mediated glutamate currents in the retinal ganglion cells, which results in activation of the AKT signaling pathway and increased expression of pro-cell survival biomarkers, e.g., Hsp 27, P-AKT, and Bcl2 and decreased expression of pro-cell death markers, e.g., Beclin 1, Bax, and Cleaved caspase 3, and ER stress markers, e.g., CHOP, IRE1, XBP1, ATF 4, and eIF2α. Using the BCAO animal stroke model, we found that Carb reduced the brain infarct volume and decreased levels of ER stress markers, GRP 78, CHOP, and at the behavioral level, e.g., a decrease in asymmetric turns and an increase in locomotor activity. These findings for Carb provide promising and rational strategies for stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigar Pravinchandra Modi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Center of Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Wen Shen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Program in Integrative Biology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Janet Menzie-Suderam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Program in Integrative Biology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Hongyuan Xu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Chun-Hua Lin
- Department of Nursing, Kang-Ning University, Taipei 11485, Taiwan
| | - Rui Tao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Program in Integrative Biology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Howard M Prentice
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Center of Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Program in Integrative Biology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - John Schloss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, American University of Health Sciences, Signal Hill, CA 90755, USA
| | - Jang-Yen Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Center of Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Program in Integrative Biology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
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Zheng S, Pan L, Hou J, Liao A, Hou Y, Yu G, Li X, Yuan Y, Dong Y, Zhao P, Zhang J, Hu Z, Hui M, Cao J, Huang JH. The role of wheat embryo globulin nutrients in improving cognitive dysfunction in AD rats. Food Funct 2022; 13:9856-9867. [PMID: 36047913 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00815g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and intestinal microbiota cause pathological progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), leading to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. This study investigates the effects of wheat embryo globulin nutrient (WEGN) on depression, neuroinflammation, and intestinal microbial disorder caused by AD and its protective mechanism on cognitive impairment. Results demonstrated that rats in the WEGN group have lower feed intake but higher body weight than those in the control group. Notably, rats in the WEGN group have a higher number of cross grids and uprights and a smaller amount of fecal particles than those in the control group. Biochemical examinations revealed that rats in the WEGN group had lower expression of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor α in hippocampus tissue and the expression of genes and proteins related to the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in AD rats was down-regulated compared to those in the control group. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing results demonstrated that WEGN treatment inhibits the increase of Erysipelotrichaceae, Erysipelatoclostridium, Erysipelotrichaceae, Corynebacterium, and Frisingicoccus, and the reduction of Lactobacillus in AD rats. WEGN has potential value as a practical food in alleviating neuroinflammation-related diseases such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuainan Zheng
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Processing and Nutritional Function of Wheat, School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Long Pan
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Processing and Nutritional Function of Wheat, School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Jianguang Hou
- Workstation of Zhongyuan Scholars of Henan Province, Henan Yangshao Liquor Co., Ltd., Mianchi Xian, 472400, PR China
| | - Aimei Liao
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Processing and Nutritional Function of Wheat, School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Yinchen Hou
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450044, PR China
| | - Guanghai Yu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Processing and Nutritional Function of Wheat, School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Processing and Nutritional Function of Wheat, School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Yongjian Yuan
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Processing and Nutritional Function of Wheat, School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Yuqi Dong
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Processing and Nutritional Function of Wheat, School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Penghui Zhao
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Processing and Nutritional Function of Wheat, School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Processing and Nutritional Function of Wheat, School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Zheyuan Hu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Processing and Nutritional Function of Wheat, School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Ming Hui
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Processing and Nutritional Function of Wheat, School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Jian Cao
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Processing and Nutritional Function of Wheat, School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Ji-Hong Huang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Processing and Nutritional Function of Wheat, School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China. .,School of Food and Pharmacy, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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Zhu YF, Wang WP, Zheng XF, Chen Z, Chen T, Huang ZY, Jia LJ, Lei WL. Characteristic response of striatal astrocytes to dopamine depletion. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:724-730. [PMID: 31638097 PMCID: PMC6975155 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.266917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes and astrocyte-related proteins play important roles in maintaining normal brain function, and also regulate pathological processes in brain diseases and injury. However, the role of astrocytes in the dopamine-depleted striatum remains unclear. A rat model of Parkinson’s disease was therefore established by injecting 10 μL 6-hydroxydopamine (2.5 μg/μL) into the right medial forebrain bundle. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the immunoreactivity of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), calcium-binding protein B (S100B), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in the striatum, and to investigate the co-expression of GFAP with S100B and STAT3. Western blot assay was used to measure the protein expression of GFAP, S100B, and STAT3 in the striatum. Results demonstrated that striatal GFAP-immunoreactive cells had an astrocytic appearance under normal conditions, but that dopamine depletion induced a reactive phenotype with obvious morphological changes. The normal striatum also contained S100B and STAT3 expression. S100B-immunoreactive cells were uniform in the striatum, with round bodies and sparse, thin processes. STAT3-immunoreactive cells presented round cell bodies with sparse processes, or were darkly stained with a large cell body. Dopamine deprivation induced by 6-hydroxydopamine significantly enhanced the immunohistochemical positive reaction of S100B and STAT3. Normal striatal astrocytes expressed both S100B and STAT3. Striatal dopamine deprivation increased the number of GFAP/S100B and GFAP/STAT3 double-labeled cells, and increased the protein levels of GFAP, S100B, and STAT3. The present results suggest that morphological changes in astrocytes and changes in expression levels of astrocyte-related proteins are involved in the pathological process of striatal dopamine depletion. The study was approved by Animal Care and Use Committee of Sun Yat-sen University, China (Zhongshan Medical Ethics 2014 No. 23) on September 22, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Feng Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province; Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wei-Ping Wang
- Periodical Center, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xue-Feng Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zi-Yun Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lin-Ju Jia
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wan-Long Lei
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Guo R, Zhao YF, Li J, Gu YF, Huo HX, Li SS, Song YL, Zhu ZX, Tu PF. GYF-21, an Epoxide 2-(2-Phenethyl)-Chromone Derivative, Suppresses Innate and Adaptive Immunity via Inhibiting STAT1/3 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:281. [PMID: 28588487 PMCID: PMC5438969 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by demyelinating plaques and axonal loss. Inhibition on over activation of innate and adaptive immunity provides a rationale strategy for treatment of multiple sclerosis. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of GYF-21, an epoxide 2-(2-phenethyl)-chromone derivative isolated from Chinese agarwood, on innate and adaptive immunity for revealing its potential to treat multiple sclerosis. The results showed that GYF-21 markedly inhibited the activation of microglia, and dendritic cells as well as neutrophils, all of which play important roles in innate immunity. Furthermore, GYF-21 significantly suppressed adaptive immunity via inhibiting the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells, and suppressing the activation, proliferation, and IFN-γ secretion of CD8+ T cells. The mechanism study showed that GYF-21 evidently inhibited the activation of STAT1/3 and NF-κB signaling pathways in microglia. In conclusion, we demonstrated that GYF-21 can significantly inhibit innate and adaptive immunity via suppressing STAT1/3 and NF-κB signaling pathways, and has potential to be developed into therapeutic drug for multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Guo
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Yun-Fang Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Yu-Fan Gu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Hui-Xia Huo
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Yue-Lin Song
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Zhu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
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Qiu J, Yan Z, Tao K, Li Y, Li Y, Li J, Dong Y, Feng D, Chen H. Sinomenine activates astrocytic dopamine D2 receptors and alleviates neuroinflammatory injury via the CRYAB/STAT3 pathway after ischemic stroke in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:263. [PMID: 27724964 PMCID: PMC5057372 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0739-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation plays a critical role in ischemic stroke-induced secondary cerebral injury. Previous studies have suggested that the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) acts as a key target in regulating the neuroinflammatory response. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unknown, and effective DRD2 agonists are lacking. In the present study, we examined the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of sinomenine (Sino), a monomeric compound with potential immunoregulatory properties in nervous system. Methods TTC staining, apoptosis assay, evaluation of brain edema, and neurological assessment were performed in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mouse model. Primary astrocytes exposed to oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) were used in the in vitro experiments. Quantitative PCR was applied to assess the levels of inflammatory cytokines. Multi-labeling immunofluorescence, Western blot, co-immunoprecipitation, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) were also used to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the Sino-mediated anti-inflammatory effects in vivo and in vitro. Results Sino remarkably attenuated the cerebral infarction and neuronal apoptosis, reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines, and alleviated neurological deficiency in MCAO mice. Sino significantly inhibited astrocytic activation and STAT3 phosphorylation as well as increased DRD2 and αB-crystallin (CRYAB) expression after MCAO. In vitro, Sino blocked OGD-induced activation of STAT3 and generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in primary astrocytes, and these effects were significantly abolished by either DRD2 or CRYAB knockdown. Additionally, Sino induced up-regulation and nuclear translocation of CRYAB in astrocytes and enhanced the interaction between CRYAB and STAT3, which further inhibited the activation and DNA-binding activity of STAT3. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that Sino activates astrocytic DRD2 and thereby suppresses neuroinflammation via the CRYAB/STAT3 pathway, which sheds some light on a promising therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0739-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjun Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Yansong Li
- Department of Neurology, The 463rd Hospital of PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingchen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yushu Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Dayun Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huisheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China.
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Lu P, Zheng DC, Fang C, Huang JM, Ke WJ, Wang LY, Zeng WY, Zheng HP, Yang B. Cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid of neurosyphilis patients: Identification of Urokinase plasminogen activator using antibody microarrays. J Neuroimmunol 2015; 293:39-44. [PMID: 27049560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Little is known regarding protein responses to syphilis infection in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients presenting with neurosyphilis. Protein and antibody arrays offer a new opportunity to gain insights into global protein expression profiles in these patients. Here we obtained CSF samples from 46 syphilis patients, 25 of which diagnosed as having central nervous system involvement based on clinical and laboratory findings. The CSF samples were then analyzed using a RayBioH L-Series 507 Antibody Array system designed to simultaneously analyze 507 specific cytokines. The results indicated that 41 molecules showed higher levels in patients with neurosyphilis in comparison with patients without neural involvement. For validation by single target ELISA, we selected five of them (MIP-1a, I-TAC/CXCL11, Urokinase plasminogen activator [uPA], and Oncostatin M) because they have previously been found to be involved in central nervous system (CNS) disorders. The ELISA tests confirmed that uPA levels were significantly higher in the CSF of neurosyphilis patients (109.1±7.88pg/ml) versus patients without CNS involvement (63.86±4.53pg/ml, p<0.0001). There was also a clear correlation between CSF uPA levels and CSF protein levels (p=0.0128) as well as CSF-VDRL titers (p=0.0074) used to diagnose neurosyphilis. No significant difference between the two groups of patients, however, was found in uPA levels in the serum, suggesting specific activation of the inflammatory system in the CNS but not the periphery in neurosyphilis patients. We conclude that measurements of uPA levels in CSF may be an additional parameter for diagnosing neurosyphilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Center for STI & Skin Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Dao-Cheng Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Center for STI & Skin Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Chang Fang
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Mei Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Center for STI & Skin Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Wu-Jian Ke
- Guangdong Provincial Center for STI & Skin Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Liu-Yuan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Center for STI & Skin Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Wei-Ying Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Center for STI & Skin Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - He-Ping Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Center for STI & Skin Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510091, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Center for STI & Skin Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510091, China.
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Ryan RE, Martin B, Mellor L, Jacob RB, Tawara K, McDougal OM, Oxford JT, Jorcyk CL. Oncostatin M binds to extracellular matrix in a bioactive conformation: implications for inflammation and metastasis. Cytokine 2015; 72:71-85. [PMID: 25622278 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oncostatin M (OSM) is an interleukin-6-like inflammatory cytokine reported to play a role in a number of pathological processes including cancer. Full-length OSM is expressed as a 26 kDa protein that can be proteolytically processed into 24 kDa and 22 kDa forms via removal of C-terminal peptides. In this study, we examined both the ability of OSM to bind to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the activity of immobilized OSM on human breast carcinoma cells. OSM was observed to bind to ECM proteins collagen types I and XI, laminin, and fibronectin in a pH-dependent fashion, suggesting a role for electrostatic bonds that involves charged amino acids of both the ECM and OSM. The C-terminal extensions of 24 kDa and 26 kDa OSM, which contains six and thirteen basic amino acids, respectively, enhanced electrostatic binding to ECM at pH 6.5-7.5 when compared to 22 kDa OSM. The highest levels of OSM binding to ECM, though, were observed at acidic pH 5.5, where all forms of OSM bound to ECM proteins to a similar extent. This indicates additional electrostatic binding properties independent of the OSM C-terminal extensions. The reducing agent dithiothreitol also inhibited the binding of OSM to ECM suggesting a role for disulfide bonds in OSM immobilization. OSM immobilized to ECM was protected from cleavage by tumor-associated proteases and maintained activity following incubation at acidic pH for extended periods of time. Importantly, immobilized OSM remained biologically active and was able to induce and sustain the phosphorylation of STAT3 in T47D and ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cells over prolonged periods, as well as increase levels of STAT1 and STAT3 protein expression. Immobilized OSM also induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition-associated morphological changes in T47D cells. Taken together, these data indicate that OSM binds to ECM in a bioactive state that may have important implications for the development of chronic inflammation and tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall E Ryan
- Department of Biological Sciences, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States; Biomolecular Research Center, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States
| | - Bryan Martin
- Biomolecular Research Center, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States
| | - Liliana Mellor
- Biomolecular Research Center, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States
| | - Reed B Jacob
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States
| | - Ken Tawara
- Department of Biological Sciences, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States; Biomolecular Research Center, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States
| | - Owen M McDougal
- Biomolecular Research Center, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States
| | - Julia Thom Oxford
- Department of Biological Sciences, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States; Biomolecular Research Center, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States
| | - Cheryl L Jorcyk
- Department of Biological Sciences, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States; Biomolecular Research Center, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, United States.
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The p38-MK2-HuR pathway potentiates EGFRvIII-IL-1β-driven IL-6 secretion in glioblastoma cells. Oncogene 2014; 34:2934-42. [PMID: 25088200 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The microenvironment of glioblastoma (GBM) contains high levels of inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6), which contributes to promote tumour progression and invasion. The common epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) mutation in GBM is associated with significantly higher levels of IL-6. Furthermore, elevated IL-1β levels in GBM tumours are also believed to activate GBM cells and enhance IL-6 production. However, the crosstalk between these intrinsic and extrinsic factors within the oncogene-microenvironment of GBM causing overproduction of IL-6 is poorly understood. Here, we show that EGFRvIII potentiates IL-1β-induced IL-6 secretion from GBM cells. Importantly, exacerbation of IL-6 production is most effectively attenuated in EGFRvIII-expressing GBM cells with inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2). Enhanced IL-6 production and increased sensitivity toward pharmacological p38 MAPK and MK2 inhibitors in EGFRvIII-expressing GBM cells is associated with increased MK2-dependent nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling and accumulation of human antigen R (HuR), an IL-6 mRNA-stabilising protein, in the cytosol. IL-1β-stimulated activation of the p38 MAPK-MK2-HuR pathway significantly enhances IL-6 mRNA stability in GBM cells carrying EGFRvIII. Further supporting a role for the p38 MAPK-MK2-HuR pathway in the development of inflammatory environment in GBM, activated MK2 is found in more than 50% of investigated GBM tissues and correlates with lower grade and secondary GBMs. Taken together, p38 MAPK-MK2-HuR signalling may enhance the potential of intrinsic (EGFRvIII) and extrinsic (IL-1β) factors to develop an inflammatory GBM environment. Hence, further improvement of brain-permeable and anti-inflammatory inhibitors targeting p38 MAPK, MK2 and HuR may combat progression of lower grade gliomas into aggressive GBMs.
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A non-canonical function of eukaryotic elongation factor 1A1: Regulation of interleukin-6 expression. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:965-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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TIS21(/BTG2/PC3) inhibits interleukin-6 expression via downregulation of STAT3 pathway. Cell Signal 2013; 25:2391-9. [PMID: 23917204 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell growth was increased when co-cultured with fibroblasts, however, no effect was observed when co-cultured with TIS21-overexpressed fibroblast. Therefore, the role of TIS21 played in cancer microenvironment was investigated. TIS21 decreased interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression in human dermal fibroblast (HDF). Adenoviral transduction of TIS21 gene to HDF decreased the secretion of IL-6, whereas knockdown of the gene increased IL-6 expression. Furthermore, TIS21 overexpression inhibited STAT3 binding to IL-6 promoter region as well as JAK2-STAT3 signaling by inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by being localized in mitochondria. Mitochondria-target TIS21 (MT-TIS21) also inhibited IL-6 expression by downregulating STAT3 phosphorylation, whereas NF-κB pathway was not influenced by TIS21 expression. These results indicate that TIS21 negatively regulated cancer cell growth by inhibiting IL-6 expression through downregulation of STAT3 activation.
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