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Ma J, Yong L, Lei P, Li H, Fang Y, Wang L, Chen H, Zhou Q, Wu W, Jin L, Sun D, Zhang X. Advances in microRNA from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome: focusing on wound healing. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:9565-9577. [PMID: 36398750 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01987f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Skin wounds are a common condition causing economic burden and they represent an urgent clinical need, especially chronic wounds. Numerous studies have been conducted on the applications of stem cell therapy in wound healing, with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) playing a major role since they can be isolated easily, yielding a high number of cells, the less invasive harvesting required, the longer life span and no ethical issues. However, the lack of standardized doses and protocols, the heterogeneity of clinical trials, as well as the incompatibility of the immune system limit its application. Recent studies have demonstrated that specific stem cell functions depend on paracrine factors, including extracellular vesicles, in which microRNAs in exosomes (Exo-miRNAs) are essential in controlling their functions. This paper describes the application and mechanism whereby ADMSC-Exo-miRNA regulates wound healing. ADMSC-Exo-miRNA is involved in various stages in wounds, including modulating the immune response and inflammation, accelerating skin cell proliferation and epithelialization, promoting vascular repair, and regulating collagen remodeling thereby reducing scar formation. In summary, this acellular therapy based on ADMSC-Exo-miRNA has considerable clinical potential, and provides reference values for developing new treatment strategies for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Ma
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Ling Yong
- Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Pengyu Lei
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Hua Li
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yimeng Fang
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Haojie Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou325000, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Libo Jin
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Da Sun
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China. .,Wenzhou City and Kunlong Technology Co., Ltd Joint Doctoral Innovation Station, Wenzhou Association for Science and Technology, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou325000, China.
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Hurník P, Chyra Z, Ševčíková T, Štembírek J, Trtková KS, Gaykalova DA, Buchtová M, Hrubá E. Epigenetic Regulations of Perineural Invasion in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:848557. [PMID: 35571032 PMCID: PMC9091179 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.848557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinomas of the oral cavity and oropharynx belong among the ten most common malignancies in the human population. The prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is determined by the degree of invasiveness of the primary tumor and by the extent of metastatic spread into regional and distant lymph nodes. Moreover, the level of the perineural invasion itself associates with tumor localization, invasion's extent, and the presence of nodal metastases. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about different aspects of epigenetic changes, which can be associated with HNSCC while focusing on perineural invasion (PNI). We review epigenetic modifications of the genes involved in the PNI process in HNSCC from the omics perspective and specific epigenetic modifications in OSCC or other neurotropic cancers associated with perineural invasion. Moreover, we summarize DNA methylation status of tumor-suppressor genes, methylation and demethylation enzymes and histone post-translational modifications associated with PNI. The influence of other epigenetic factors on the HNSCC incidence and perineural invasion such as tobacco, alcohol and oral microbiome is overviewed and HPV infection is discussed as an epigenetic factor associated with OSCC and related perineural invasion. Understanding epigenetic regulations of axon growth that lead to tumorous spread or uncovering the molecular control of axon interaction with cancer tissue can help to discover new therapeutic targets for these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Hurník
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Zuzana Chyra
- Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Tereza Ševčíková
- Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Jan Štembírek
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Kateřina Smešný Trtková
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Daria A. Gaykalova
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Marcela Buchtová
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Eva Hrubá
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
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Tumor-Associated Mast Cells in Urothelial Bladder Cancer: Optimizing Immuno-Oncology. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111500. [PMID: 34829729 PMCID: PMC8614912 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) is one of the most prevalent and aggressive malignancies. Recent evidence indicates that the tumor microenvironment (TME), including a variety of immune cells, is a critical modulator of tumor initiation, progression, evolution, and treatment resistance. Mast cells (MCs) in UBC are possibly involved in tumor angiogenesis, tissue remodeling, and immunomodulation. Moreover, tumor-infiltration by MCs has been reported in early-stage UBC patients. This infiltration is linked with a favorable or unfavorable prognosis depending on the tumor type and location. Despite the discrepancy of MC function in tumor progression, MCs can modify the TME to regulate the immunity and infiltration of tumors by producing an array of mediators. Nonetheless, the precise role of MCs in UBC tumor progression and evolution remains unknown. Thus, this review discusses some critical roles of MCs in UBC. Patients with UBC are treated at both early and late stages by immunotherapeutic methods, including intravenous bacillus Calmette–Guérin instillation and immune checkpoint blockade. An understanding of the patient response and resistance mechanisms in UBC is required to unlock the complete potential of immunotherapy. Since MCs are pivotal to understand the underlying processes and predictors of therapeutic responses in UBC, our review also focuses on possible immunotherapeutic treatments that involve MCs.
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Inflammation and tumor progression: signaling pathways and targeted intervention. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:263. [PMID: 34248142 PMCID: PMC8273155 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 826] [Impact Index Per Article: 275.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer development and its response to therapy are regulated by inflammation, which either promotes or suppresses tumor progression, potentially displaying opposing effects on therapeutic outcomes. Chronic inflammation facilitates tumor progression and treatment resistance, whereas induction of acute inflammatory reactions often stimulates the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and antigen presentation, leading to anti-tumor immune responses. In addition, multiple signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT), toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways, cGAS/STING, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK); inflammatory factors, including cytokines (e.g., interleukin (IL), interferon (IFN), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α), chemokines (e.g., C-C motif chemokine ligands (CCLs) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligands (CXCLs)), growth factors (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β), and inflammasome; as well as inflammatory metabolites including prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxane, and specialized proresolving mediators (SPM), have been identified as pivotal regulators of the initiation and resolution of inflammation. Nowadays, local irradiation, recombinant cytokines, neutralizing antibodies, small-molecule inhibitors, DC vaccines, oncolytic viruses, TLR agonists, and SPM have been developed to specifically modulate inflammation in cancer therapy, with some of these factors already undergoing clinical trials. Herein, we discuss the initiation and resolution of inflammation, the crosstalk between tumor development and inflammatory processes. We also highlight potential targets for harnessing inflammation in the treatment of cancer.
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Aller MA, Arias N, Blanco-Rivero J, Arias J. Metabolism in Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure: The Solution More than the Problem. Arch Med Res 2019; 50:271-284. [PMID: 31593852 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory liver disease with an acute deterioration of liver function is named acute-on-chronic inflammation and could be regulated by the metabolic impairments related to the liver dysfunction. In this way, the experimental cholestasis model is excellent for studying metabolism in both types of inflammatory responses. Along the evolution of this model, the rats develop biliary fibrosis and an acute-on-chronic decompensation. The acute decompensation of the liver disease is associated with encephalopathy, ascites, acute renal failure, an acute phase response and a splanchnic increase of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. This multiorgan inflammatory dysfunction is mainly associated with a splanchnic and systemic metabolic switch with dedifferentiation of the epithelial, endothelial and mesothelial splanchnic barriers. Furthermore, a splanchnic infiltration by mast cells occurs, which suggests that these cells could carry out a compensatory metabolic role, especially through the modulation of hepatic and extrahepatic mitochondrial-peroxisome crosstalk. For this reason, we propose the hypothesis that mastocytosis in the acute-on-chronic hepatic insufficiency could represent the development of a survival metabolic mechanisms that mitigates the noxious effect of the hepatic functional deficit. A better understanding the pathophysiological response of the mast cells in liver insufficiency and portal hypertension would help to find new pathways for decreasing the high morbidity and mortality rate of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Angeles Aller
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Natalia Arias
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; INEUROPA (Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Javier Blanco-Rivero
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica La Paz (IdIPAZ), Madrid, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (Ciber) de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, España
| | - Jaime Arias
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Michalek J, Brychtova S, Pink R, Dvorak Z. Prognostic and predictive markers for perineural and bone invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2019; 163:302-308. [PMID: 31435075 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2019.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a growing problem worldwide. Several biological and molecular criteria have been established for making a prognosis of OSCC. One of the most important factors affecting the risk of tumor recurrence and overall prognosis is perineural invasion and bone invasion. Perineural invasion is defined as a tumor spreading and the ability of tumor cells to penetrate around or through the nerve tissue. Perineural invasion can cause the tumor to spread to distant areas from the primary tumor location. One possible explanation for this is the formation of microenvironment in the perineural space which may contain cellular factors that act on both nerve tissue and some types of tumor tissues. Bone invasion by OSCC has major implications for tumor staging, choice of treatment, outcome and quality of life. Oral SCCs invade the mandibular or maxillary bone through an erosive, infiltrative or mixed pattern that correlates with clinical behavior. Bone resorption by osteoclasts is an important step in the process of bone invasion by oral SCCs. Some cytokines (e.g. TNFα and PTHrP) lead to receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) expression or osteoprotegerin (OPG) suppression in oral SCC cells and in cancer stromal cells to induce osteoclastogenesis. Oral SCCs provide a suitable microenvironment for osteoclastogenesis to regulate the balance of RANKL and OPG. A more molecular-based clinical staging and tailor-made therapy would benefit patients with bone invasion by OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Michalek
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Svetlana Brychtova
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Pink
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Dvorak
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery of St. Anne`s University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Czech Republic
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7
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Carcinogenesis: the cancer cell–mast cell connection. Inflamm Res 2018; 68:103-116. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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8
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Ribaldone DG, Pellicano R, Actis GC. Inflammation: a highly conserved, Janus-like phenomenon—a gastroenterologist’ perspective. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 96:861-871. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1668-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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9
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Aller MA, Arias N, Martínez V, Vergara P, Arias J. The gestational power of mast cells in the injured tissue. Inflamm Res 2017; 67:111-116. [PMID: 29101413 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response expressed after wound healing would be the recapitulation of systemic extra-embryonic functions, which would focus on the interstitium of the injured tissue. In the injured tissue, mast cells, provided for a great functional heterogeneity, could play the leading role in the re-expression of extra-embryonic functions, i.e., coelomic-amniotic and trophoblastic-vitelline. Moreover, mast cells would favor the production of a gastrulation-like process, which in certain tissues and organs would induce the regeneration of the injured tissue. Therefore, the engraftment of mesenchymal stem cells and mast cells, both with an extra-embryonic regenerative phenotype, would achieve a blastema, from the repaired and regenerated injured tissue, rather than by fibrosis, which is commonly made through wound-healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Angeles Aller
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s.n., 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Natalia Arias
- UCL Division of Medicine, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW32PF, UK.,INEUROPA, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Veterinary School, Autonoma University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patri Vergara
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Veterinary School, Autonoma University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Center for Hepatic and Digestive Illnesses (CIBERehd), Carlos II Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaime Arias
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s.n., 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Aller MA, Arias N, Peral I, García-Higarza S, Arias JL, Arias J. Embrionary way to create a fatty liver in portal hypertension. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2017; 8:39-50. [PMID: 28573066 PMCID: PMC5437501 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v8.i2.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Portal hypertension in the rat by triple partial portal vein ligation produces an array of splanchnic and systemic disorders, including hepatic steatosis. In the current review these alterations are considered components of a systemic inflammatory response that would develop through three overlapping phenotypes: The neurogenic, the immune and the endocrine. These three inflammatory phenotypes could resemble the functions expressed during embryonic development of mammals. In turn, the inflammatory phenotypes would be represented in the embryo by two functional axes, that is, a coelomic-amniotic axis and a trophoblastic yolk-sac or vitelline axis. In this sense, the inflammatory response developed after triple partial portal vein ligation in the rat would integrate both functional embryonic axes on the liver interstitial space of Disse. If so, this fact would favor the successive development of steatosis, steatohepatitis and fibrosis. Firstly, these recapitulated embryonic functions would produce the evolution of liver steatosis. In this way, this fat liver could represent a yolk-sac-like in portal hypertensive rats. After that, the systemic recapitulation of these embryonic functions in experimental prehepatic portal hypertension would consequently induce a gastrulation-like response in which a hepatic wound healing reaction or fibrosis occur. In conclusion, studying the mechanisms involved in embryonic development could provide key results for a better understanding of the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease etiopathogeny.
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11
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Martins D, Silva M, Tavares I. TRPV1 in pain control from the brain. Oncotarget 2017; 8:16101-16102. [PMID: 27852067 PMCID: PMC5369947 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martins
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.,Centre for Neuroimaging Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.,IBMC-Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.,eI3s-Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Silva
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.,IBMC-Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.,eI3s-Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Isaura Tavares
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.,IBMC-Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.,eI3s-Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
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12
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Aller MA, Arias JI, Arraez-Aybar LA, Gilsanz C, Arias J. Wound healing reaction: A switch from gestation to senescence. World J Exp Med 2014; 4:16-26. [PMID: 24977118 PMCID: PMC4073218 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v4.i2.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The repair of wounded tissue during postnatal life could be associated with the upregulation of some functions characteristic of the initial phases of embryonic development. The focusing of these recapitulated systemic functions in the interstitial space of the injured tissue is established through a heterogeneous endothelial barrier which has excretory-secretory abilities which in turn, would induce a gastrulation-like process. The repair of adult tissues using upregulated embryonic mechanisms could explain the universality of the inflammatory response against injury, regardless of its etiology. However, the early activation after the injury of embryonic mechanisms does not always guarantee tissue regeneration since their long-term execution is mediated by the host organism.
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Aller MA, Arias JI, Prieto I, Gilsanz C, Arias A, Yang H, Arias J. Surgical inflammatory stress: the embryo takes hold of the reins again. Theor Biol Med Model 2013; 10:6. [PMID: 23374964 PMCID: PMC3577641 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4682-10-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The surgical inflammatory response can be a type of high-grade acute stress response associated with an increasingly complex trophic functional system for using oxygen. This systemic neuro-immune-endocrine response seems to induce the re-expression of 2 extraembryonic-like functional axes, i.e. coelomic-amniotic and trophoblastic-yolk-sac-related, within injured tissues and organs, thus favoring their re-development. Accordingly, through the up-regulation of two systemic inflammatory phenotypes, i.e. neurogenic and immune-related, a gestational-like response using embryonic functions would be induced in the patient's injured tissues and organs, which would therefore result in their repair. Here we establish a comparison between the pathophysiological mechanisms that are produced during the inflammatory response and the physiological mechanisms that are expressed during early embryonic development. In this way, surgical inflammation could be a high-grade stress response whose pathophysiological mechanisms would be based on the recapitulation of ontogenic and phylogenetic-related functions. Thus, the ultimate objective of surgical inflammation, as a gestational process, is creating new tissues/organs for repairing the injured ones. Since surgical inflammation and early embryonic development share common production mechanisms, the factors that hamper the wound healing reaction in surgical patients could be similar to those that impair the gestational process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Angeles Aller
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose-Ignacio Arias
- General and Digestive Surgery Unit, Monte Naranco Hospital, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Isabel Prieto
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, La Paz Hospital, Autonomous University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Gilsanz
- General and Digestive Surgery Unit, Sudeste University Hospital, Arganda del Rey, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Arias
- Department of Medicine, Puerta de Hierro Hospital, Autonomous University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Heping Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, USC Research Centre for Liver Diseases, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jaime Arias
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Aller MA, Blanco-Rivero J, Arias JI, Balfagon G, Arias J. The wound-healing response and upregulated embryonic mechanisms: brothers-in-arms forever. Exp Dermatol 2012; 21:497-503. [PMID: 22716244 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2012.01525.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cutaneous wound-healing reaction occurs in overlapping but inter-related phases, which ultimately result in fibrosis. The pathophysiological mechanisms involved in fibrotic diseases, including organ-related and even systemic diseases, such as systemic sclerosis, could represent the successive systemic upregulation of extraembryonic-like phenotypes, that is, amniotic and vitelline phenotypes. These two extraembryonic-like phenotypes act on the injured tissue to induce a process similar to gastrulation, which occurs during the early phases of embryo development. The amniotic-like phenotype plays a leading role in the development of neurogenic responses with significant hydroelectrolytic alterations that essentially represent the development of open microcirculation within the injured tissue. In turn, through the overlapping expression of a vitelline-like phenotype, a bone marrow-related response is produced. Interstitial infiltration by molecular and cellular mediators contributed by amniotic- and vitelline-like functions provides the functional and metabolic autonomy needed for inducing new tissue formation through mechanisms similar to those that act in gastrulation during the early phases of embryonic development. Thus, while a new tissue is formed, it quickly evolves into fibrotic tissue because of premature senescence. Mechanisms related to extraembryonic-like functions have been suggested in the following physiological and pathological processes: embryonic development; wound-healing reactions occurring during adult life; and senescence. The existence of this sort of basic self-organizing fractal-like functional pattern is an essential characteristic of our way of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Angeles Aller
- Department of Surgery I, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Aller MA, Arias N, Fuentes-Julian S, Blazquez-Martinez A, Argudo S, Miguel MPD, Arias JL, Arias J. Coupling inflammation with evo-devo. Med Hypotheses 2012; 78:721-31. [PMID: 22405850 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation integrates diverse mechanisms that are associated not only with pathological conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obesity, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer, but also with physiological processes like reproduction i.e. oogenesis and embryogenesis as well as aging. In the current review we firstly propose that the inflammatory response could recapitulate the phylogenia. In this way, highly conserved inflammatory mechanisms that play a main role in the evolutive development of different animal species, both invertebrates as well as vertebrates, are identified. Therefore, we also hypothesize that inflammation could represent a key tool used by nature to modulate organisms according to the environmental conditions in which these develop. Thus, inflammation could be the pathway by which the environmental factors could be related to the evolutionary development. If so, the diverse human chronic inflammatory diseases that nowadays the Western society suffer would represent the way for adapting to the abrupt changes in their lifestyle. Nonetheless, the distribution of the different pathological conditions varies in terms of intensity and magnitude among Western country populations depending on their genetic polymorphism. In this case, it should be considered that this set of diseases, distributed between all the individuals that constitute the Westernized society, would represent a true Social Inflammatory Syndrome whose final result is its remodeling. In this context, the use of inflammation by the Western society could represent the camouflaged expression of efficient mechanisms of evolution and development. In addition, if the different types of the inflammatory response involved in these diverse chronic pathological conditions could trace the biochemical origins of life, perhaps inflammation could represent an archaeological tool of unsuspected usefulness for understanding our own origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Angeles Aller
- Surgery I Department, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
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Aller MA, Heras N, Blanco-Rivero J, Arias JI, Lahera V, Balfagón G, Arias J. Portal hypertensive cardiovascular pathology: the rescue of ancestral survival mechanisms? Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2012; 36:35-46. [PMID: 22264837 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2011.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The portal system derives from the vitelline system, which is an extra-embryonic venous system. It could be suggested that this extraembryonic origin determines some of the characteristics attributed to portal hypertension, both compensated, i.e. prehepatic, and decompensated, i.e. fibrotic or cirrhotic. The experimental models most frequently used for studying both types of portal hypertension are portal vein ligation and common bile duct ligation in rats, respectively. We propose that in partial portal vein ligated rats, a low-grade inflammatory response, formed by the successive expression of three overlapping phenotypes - ischemia-reperfusion, vitellogenic-like and remodeling or gastrulation-like - is produced. The names of these inflammatory phenotypes developed in compensated portal hypertension are based on some metabolic similarities that can be established with the abovementioned phases of embryonic development. In bile-duct ligated rats, decompensation related to hepatic insufficiency would induce a high-grade inflammatory response. In this experimental model, the splanchnic interstitium, the mesenteric lymph and the peritoneal mesothelium seem to create an inflammatory axis that produces ascites. The functional comparison between the ascitic and the amniotic fluids would imply that, in the decompensated portal hypertensive syndrome, the abdominal mesothelium acquires properties of the amniotic membranes or amnion. In conclusion, the hypothetical comparison between the inflammatory portal hypertensive evolutive types and the evolutive phases of embryonic development could allow for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Angeles Aller
- Department of Surgery I, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza de Ramon y Cajal s.n., 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Perineural invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A discussion of significance and review of the literature. Oral Oncol 2011; 47:1005-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Nair A, Shen J, Lotfi P, Ko CY, Zhang CC, Tang L. Biomaterial implants mediate autologous stem cell recruitment in mice. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:3887-95. [PMID: 21784181 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Autologous stem cells, recognized as the best cells for stem cell therapy, are associated with difficult extraction procedures which often lead to more traumas for the patients and time-consuming laboratory work, which delays their subsequent application. To combat such challenges, it was recently uncovered that, shortly after biomaterial implantation, following the recruitment of inflammatory cells, substantial numbers of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) were recruited to the implantation sites. These multipotent MSC could be differentiated into various lineages in vitro. Inflammatory signals may be responsible for the gathering of stem cells, since there is a good relationship between biomaterial-mediated inflammatory responses and stem cell accumulation in vivo. In addition, the treatment with the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone substantially reduced the recruitment of both MSC and HSC. The results from this work support that such strategies could be further developed towards localized recruitment and differentiation of progenitor cells. This may permit the future development of autologous stem cell therapies without the need for tedious cell isolation, culture and transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nair
- Bioengineering Department, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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The Amazing Power of Cancer Cells to Recapitulate Extraembryonic Functions: The Cuckoo's Tricks. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2011; 2012:521284. [PMID: 21969829 PMCID: PMC3182376 DOI: 10.1155/2012/521284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is implicated in tumor development, invasion, and metastasis. Hence, it has been suggested that common cellular and molecular mechanisms are activated in wound repair and in cancer development. In addition, it has been previously proposed that the inflammatory response, which is associated with the wound healing process, could recapitulate ontogeny through the reexpression of the extraembryonic, that is, amniotic and vitelline, functions in the interstitial space of the injured tissue. If so, the use of inflammation by the cancer-initiating cell can also be supported in the ability to reacquire extraembryonic functional axes for tumor development, invasion, and metastasis. Thus, the diverse components of the tumor microenvironment could represent the overlapping reexpression of amniotic and vitelline functions. These functions would favor a gastrulation-like process, that is, the creation of a reactive stroma in which fibrogenesis and angiogenesis stand out.
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