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Reynolds CA, Pelka S, Gjergjova F, Tasset I, Khawaja RR, Lindenau K, Krause GJ, Gavathiotis E, Cuervo AM, Macian F. Restoration of LAMP2A expression in old mice leads to changes in the T cell compartment that support improved immune function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2322929121. [PMID: 39259591 PMCID: PMC11420204 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2322929121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a selective form of autophagy that contributes to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. CMA activity declines with age in most tissues and systems, including the immune system, due to a reduction in levels of lysosome-associated membrane protein type 2A (LAMP2A), an essential CMA component. In this study, we show that overexpressing a copy of hLAMP2A within T cells since middle-age can prevent some of their age-associated loss of function. Our data support the idea that preserving LAMP2A expression with age through genetic means leads to enhanced proliferative responses, decreased number of regulatory T cell populations, and down-regulated expression of inhibitory receptors by T cells. During aging, elevated numbers of these immunosuppressive T cell populations significantly contribute to the age-associated downregulation of T cell responses. Using comparative proteomics, we confirm that preservation of CMA activity in old mice prevents age-related changes in both the resting and the activated T cell proteome. We also explore the effect of using first-in-class small molecule activators of CMA and demonstrate improved T cell response upon their administration to old mice. We conclude that sustaining CMA activity constitutes a potentially viable therapeutic approach to improving T cell function with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara A. Reynolds
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY10461
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY10461
| | - Sandra Pelka
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY10461
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY10461
| | - Floralba Gjergjova
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY10461
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY10461
| | - Inmaculada Tasset
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY10461
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY10461
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Spain14071
| | - Rabia R. Khawaja
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY10461
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY10461
| | - Kristen Lindenau
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY10461
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY10461
| | - Gregory J. Krause
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY10461
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY10461
| | - Evripidis Gavathiotis
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY10461
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY10461
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY10461
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY10461
| | - Fernando Macian
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY10461
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY10461
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Sumsuzzman DM, Khan ZA, Choi J, Hong Y. Assessment of functional roles and therapeutic potential of integrin receptors in osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101729. [PMID: 36087701 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane receptors that mediate a variety of biological function and plays a critical role in osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis, which may provide new targets for the development of OA therapies. However, the roles of integrins in different stages of OA remain elusive. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to synthesize all published preclinical evidence on the roles of integrin receptors in different stages of OA to identify the potential target for drug development in alleviating OA pathogenesis. METHODS Major electronic databases were used to identify related original articles. The methodological quality of all included studies was appraised using the SYRCLE risk of bias tool. We used the generic inverse variance with random effects model to calculate standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Seventeen studies were included in this systematic review. Integrin α5β1 activation increases the histopathological score both in early [SMD, 6.39; 95%CI (2.90, 9.87); p = 0.0003] and late [SMD, 3.41; 95%CI (2.44, 4.38); p < 0.00001] stage of OA. Integrin α5β1 also increased the core catabolic factors like MMP-3, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Interestingly, the inactivation of α5β1 integrin did not change the histopathological score (p = 0.84). Similarly, β1 integrin notably increased histopathological score at both stages of OA [early; SMD, 7.13; 95%CI (2.01, 12.24); p = 0.006]; [late; SMD, 10.25; 95%CI (5.11, 15.39); p < 0.0001], and increased the MMP-13 levels. However, integrin β1 was upregulated at the early stage and downregulated at the late stage of OA. Furthermore, α2β1 integrin significantly increased histopathological score [SMD, 3.14; 95%CI (2.18, 4.10); p < 0.00001] and MMP-13 [SMD, 2.24; 95%CI (0.07, 4.41); p = 0.04]. Deactivating integrin α1β1 increased histopathological score in late [SMD, 1.53; 95%CI (0.80, 2.26); p < 0.0001], but not in early [SMD, 0.90; 95%CI (-1.65, 3.45); p = 0.49] stage of OA. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that α5β1, α2β1, and α1β1 integrin might be the potential target for future drug development in alleviating OA pathogenesis. Further work is required to establish our findings through activating/deactivating these receptors in different stages of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewan Md Sumsuzzman
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Aged-life Redesign (RCAR), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea; Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea.
| | - Zeeshan Ahmad Khan
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Aged-life Redesign (RCAR), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea; Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeonghyun Choi
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Aged-life Redesign (RCAR), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea; Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yonggeun Hong
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Healthcare Medical Science & Engineering, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Aged-life Redesign (RCAR), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea; Biohealth Products Research Center (BPRC), Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea; Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea.
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Becker E, Schweda A, Ullrich KAM, Voskens C, Atreya R, Müller TM, Atreya I, Neurath MF, Zundler S. Limited Dose-Dependent Effects of Vedolizumab on Various Leukocyte Subsets. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2022; 13:e00494. [PMID: 35575178 PMCID: PMC9236604 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The anti-α4β7 integrin antibody vedolizumab (VDZ) is successfully used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. However, only a subgroup of patients respond to therapy. VDZ is administered at a fixed dose, leading to a wide range of serum concentrations in patients. Previous work from our group showed a dose-dependent preferential binding of VDZ to effector compared with regulatory CD4 + T cells. Therefore, we aimed to determine the dose-dependent binding profile of VDZ to other leukocyte subsets. METHODS We characterized α4β7 integrin expression on CD8 + T cells, CD19 + B cells, CD14 + monocytes, natural killer cells, and eosinophils from patients with inflammatory bowel disease and healthy controls. We studied the binding of VDZ to these cells at different concentrations and investigated the functional consequences for dynamic adhesion and transmigration in vitro . RESULTS The expression of α4β7 differed between the analyzed leukocyte subsets and was significantly higher on eosinophils from inflammatory bowel disease patients compared with controls. Almost all α4β7-expressing cells from these subsets were bound by VDZ at a concentration of 10 μg/mL. Dynamic cell adhesion was significantly impaired in all subsets, but there were no dose-dependent differences in the inhibition of adhesion. DISCUSSION Our data suggest that α4β7-expressing CD8 + T cells, CD19 + B cells, CD14 + monocytes, natural killer cells, and eosinophils are a target of VDZ. However, there do not seem to be concentration-dependent differences, regarding the effects on these cells in the clinically relevant range. Thus, the reported exposure-efficacy characteristic of VDZ can probably mainly be attributed to CD4 + T-cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany;
| | - Anna Schweda
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany;
| | - Karen A. -M. Ullrich
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany;
| | - Caroline Voskens
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany;
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Raja Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany;
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Tanja M. Müller
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany;
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Imke Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany;
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany;
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Zundler
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany;
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Germany.
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Jakimovski D, Eckert SP, Zivadinov R, Weinstock-Guttman B. Considering patient age when treating multiple sclerosis across the adult lifespan. Expert Rev Neurother 2021; 21:353-364. [PMID: 33595379 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2021.1886082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The successful development of anti-inflammatory disease-modifying treatments (DMT) significantly improved disease outcomes and longevity of persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). However, the shift toward an elderly MS population has resulted with new concerns regarding DMT efficacy and safety.Areas covered: This review summarizes the evidence of an age-based decrease in the efficacy of MS DMTs and increase in pharmacovigilance concerns. The age effects on pathophysiological MS processes, immunosenescence and its relevance to DMT selection or discontinuation are also reviewed. Lastly, the authors discuss the influence of age-associated comorbidities on DMT initiation and drug-induced events.Expert opinion: There is an age discrepancy between pwMS included in regulatory drug trials and an aging real-world MS population. Most trials demonstrate significantly diminished anti-inflammatory efficacy in patients older than 40 years old. Older age is associated with a greater risk for adverse events including serious infections. Age-associated comorbidities influence the risk-benefit analysis and sometimes cause patients to discontinue DMTs. Instead of chronological age cutoffs, therefore, studies should aim at promoting biologically-based age biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Jakimovski
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Jacobs Comprehensive MS Treatment and Research Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Svetlana P Eckert
- Jacobs Comprehensive MS Treatment and Research Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Robert Zivadinov
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Jacobs Comprehensive MS Treatment and Research Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Center for Biomedical Imaging at Clinical Translational Science Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Bianca Weinstock-Guttman
- Jacobs Comprehensive MS Treatment and Research Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Gaashan MM, Al-Mubarak AIA, Hussen J. Leukocyte populations and their cell adhesion molecules expression in newborn dromedary camel calves. Vet World 2020; 13:1863-1869. [PMID: 33132598 PMCID: PMC7566236 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1863-1869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Different properties of the newborn immune system have been characterized in many species. For the newborn camel calf, however, the phenotype and composition of blood leukocytes have so far not been evaluated. The current study aimed to analyze the distribution of leukocyte subpopulations and their expression pattern of cell adhesion molecules in newborn and adult dromedary camels. Materials and Methods Blood samples were collected from 17 newborn camel calves and 32 adult camels. For each sample, total leukocytes were separated and analyzed for their composition and cell adhesion molecules expression by flow cytometry. Results In comparison to adult camels, newborn camel calves had higher leukocyte numbers and higher numbers of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes but lower numbers of eosinophils in their blood. Among the lymphocyte populations in calves, the fractions of B cells and γδ T cells were elevated when compared to adults, whereas CD4-positive T cells were reduced. The comparison between camel calves and adult camels revealed significantly lower expression of the cell adhesion molecules CD11a, CD11b, and CD18 on granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes in calves. Conclusion Newborn camel calves show a distinct composition and phenotype pattern of blood leukocytes when compared to adult camels. The observed rise in many leukocyte populations in calf blood may be due to reduced migratory activity in calf leukocyte populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muaadh M Gaashan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah I A Al-Mubarak
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal Hussen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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Mills EA, Mao-Draayer Y. Aging and lymphocyte changes by immunomodulatory therapies impact PML risk in multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler 2018; 24:1014-1022. [PMID: 29774781 DOI: 10.1177/1352458518775550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
New potent immunomodulatory therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) are associated with increased risk for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). It is unclear why a subset of treated patients develops PML, but patient age has emerged as an important risk factor. PML is caused by the JC virus and aging is associated with immune senescence, which increases susceptibility to infection. With the goal of improving PML risk stratification, we here describe the lymphocyte changes that occur with disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) associated with high or moderate risk toward PML in MS patients, how these changes compare to immune aging, and which measures best correlate with risk. We reviewed studies examining how these therapies alter patient immune profiles, which revealed the induction of changes to lymphocyte number and/or function that resemble immunosenescence. Therefore, the immunosuppressive activity of these MS DMTs may be enhanced in the context of an immune system that is already exhibiting features of senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Mills
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yang Mao-Draayer
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA/Graduate Program in Immunology, Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Kihara Y, Groves A, Rivera RR, Chun J. Dimethyl fumarate inhibits integrin α4 expression in multiple sclerosis models. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2015; 2:978-83. [PMID: 26478898 PMCID: PMC4603381 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate is an orally bioavailable compound for the treatment of multiple sclerosis and psoriasis. A mechanism involving nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 activation has been proposed to account for its efficacy in multiple sclerosis. Here, we report that dimethyl fumarate inhibits expression of integrin α4 on circulating lymphocytes in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice and also on activated human Jurkat T cells in a manner distinct from nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 activation. Our results offer an alternative mechanism for the efficacy of dimethyl fumarate in multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Kihara
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., DNC-118, La Jolla, California, 92037
| | - Aran Groves
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., DNC-118, La Jolla, California, 92037
| | - Richard R Rivera
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., DNC-118, La Jolla, California, 92037
| | - Jerold Chun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., DNC-118, La Jolla, California, 92037
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8
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You J, Dong H, Mann ER, Knight SC, Yaqoob P. Probiotic modulation of dendritic cell function is influenced by ageing. Immunobiology 2013; 219:138-48. [PMID: 24094416 PMCID: PMC4064698 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2013.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical for the generation of T-cell responses. DC function may be modulated by probiotics, which confer health benefits in immunocompromised individuals, such as the elderly. This study investigated the effects of four probiotics, Bifidobacterium longum bv. infantis CCUG 52486, B. longum SP 07/3, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (L.GG) and L. casei Shirota (LcS), on DC function in an allogeneic mixed leucocyte reaction (MLR) model, using DCs and T-cells from young and older donors in different combinations. All four probiotics enhanced expression of CD40, CD80 and CCR7 on both young and older DCs, but enhanced cytokine production (TGF-β, TNF-α) by old DCs only. LcS induced IL-12 and IFNγ production by DC to a greater degree than other strains, while B. longum bv. infantis CCUG 52486 favoured IL-10 production. Stimulation of young T cells in an allogeneic MLR with DC was enhanced by probiotic pretreatment of old DCs, which demonstrated greater activation (CD25) than untreated controls. However, pretreatment of young or old DCs with LPS or probiotics failed to enhance the proliferation of T-cells derived from older donors. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that ageing increases the responsiveness of DCs to probiotics, but this is not sufficient to overcome the impact of immunosenescence in the MLR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu You
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Honglin Dong
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Elizabeth R Mann
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, Northwick Park and St. Mark's Campus, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - Stella C Knight
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Imperial College London, Northwick Park and St. Mark's Campus, Harrow, HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - Parveen Yaqoob
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading, UK.
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Santulli G, Iaccarino G. Pinpointing beta adrenergic receptor in ageing pathophysiology: victim or executioner? Evidence from crime scenes. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2013; 10:10. [PMID: 23497413 PMCID: PMC3763845 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-10-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a key role in cellular communication, allowing human cells to sense external cues or to talk each other through hormones or neurotransmitters. Research in this field has been recently awarded with the Nobel Prize in chemistry to Robert J. Lefkowitz and Brian K. Kobilka, for their pioneering work on beta adrenergic receptors (βARs), a prototype GPCR. Such receptors, and β2AR in particular, which is extensively distributed throughout the body, are involved in a number of pathophysiological processes. Moreover, a large amount of studies has demonstrated their participation in ageing process. Reciprocally, age-related changes in regulation of receptor responses have been observed in numerous tissues and include modifications of βAR responses. Impaired sympathetic nervous system function has been indeed evoked as at least a partial explanation for several modifications that occur with ageing. This article represents an updated presentation of the current knowledge in the field, summarizing in a systematic way the major findings of research on ageing in several organs and tissues (crime scenes) expressing βARs: heart, vessels, skeletal muscle, respiratory system, brain, immune system, pancreatic islets, liver, kidney and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Santulli
- Departments of Translational Medical Sciences and Advanced Biomedical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy.
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Viana LDS, Affonso RJ, Silva SRM, Denadai MVA, Matos D, Salinas de Souza C, Waisberg J. Relationship between the Expression of the Extracellular Matrix Genes SPARC, SPP1, FN1, ITGA5 and ITGAV and Clinicopathological Parameters of Tumor Progression and Colorectal Cancer Dissemination. Oncology 2013; 84:81-91. [DOI: 10.1159/000343436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Wei H, Malik M, Sheikh AM, Merz G, Ted Brown W, Li X. Abnormal cell properties and down-regulated FAK-Src complex signaling in B lymphoblasts of autistic subjects. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:66-74. [PMID: 21703394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that one of the major pathways to the pathogenesis of autism is reduced cell migration. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) has an important role in neural migration, dendritic morphological characteristics, axonal branching, and synapse formation. The FAK-Src complex, activated by upstream reelin and integrin β1, can initiate a cascade of phosphorylation events to trigger multiple intracellular pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt signaling. In this study, by using B lymphoblasts as a model, we tested whether integrin β1 and FAK-Src signaling are abnormally regulated in autism and whether abnormal FAK-Src signaling leads to defects in B-lymphoblast adhesion, migration, proliferation, and IgG production. To our knowledge, for the first time, we show that protein expression levels of both integrin β1 and FAK are significantly decreased in autistic lymphoblasts and that Src protein expression and the phosphorylation of an active site (Y416) are also significantly decreased. We also found that lymphoblasts from autistic subjects exhibit significantly decreased migration, increased adhesion properties, and an impaired capacity for IgG production. The overexpression of FAK in autistic lymphoblasts countered the adhesion and migration defects. In addition, we demonstrate that FAK mediates its effect through the activation of Src, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt, and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades and that paxillin is also likely involved in the regulation of adhesion and migration in autistic lymphoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongen Wei
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, New York, New York 10314, USA
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