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Zang X, Qin W, Xiong Y, Xu A, Huang H, Fang T, Zang X, Chen M. Using three statistical methods to analyze the association between aldehyde exposure and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27717-4. [PMID: 37286832 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27717-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to aldehydes has been linked to adverse health outcomes such as inflammation and oxidative stress, but research on the effects of these compounds is limited. This study is aimed at assessing the association between aldehyde exposure and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. METHODS The study used data from the NHANES 2013-2014 survey (n = 766) and employed multivariate linear models to investigate the relationship between aldehyde compounds and various markers of inflammation (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and lymphocyte count) and oxidative stress (bilirubin, albumin, and iron levels) while controlling for other relevant factors. In addition to generalized linear regression, weighted quantile sum (WQS) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) analyses were applied to examine the single or overall effect of aldehyde compounds on the outcomes. RESULTS In the multivariate linear regression model, each 1 standard deviation (SD) change in propanaldehyde and butyraldehyde was significantly associated with increases in serum iron levels (beta and 95% confidence interval, 3.25 (0.24, 6.27) and 8.40 (0.97, 15.83), respectively) and the lymphocyte count (0.10 (0.04, 0.16) and 0.18 (0.03, 0.34), respectively). In the WQS regression model, a significant association was discovered between the WQS index and both the albumin and iron levels. Furthermore, the results of the BKMR analysis showed that the overall impact of aldehyde compounds was significantly and positively correlated with the lymphocyte count, as well as the levels of albumin and iron, suggesting that these compounds may contribute to increased oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals the close association between single or overall aldehyde compounds and markers of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, which has essential guiding value for exploring the impact of environmental pollutants on population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Wengang Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Yingying Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Anlan Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Hesuyuan Huang
- Orthopedics Department, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Tao Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaowei Zang
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Mingwu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
- Department of Pediatrics, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
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Chalchisa D, Belay Y, Befekadu E, Kassaw M, G/Egzeabher L, Gebremicael G, Lengiso B, Chala D, Sahlemariam Z, Kebede E, Abate E, Tsegaye A. Reference Intervals for Absolute and Percentage CD4+ T Lymphocytes among an Apparently Healthy Population in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:5361-5367. [PMID: 35677805 PMCID: PMC9167834 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s357237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reference intervals for clinical laboratory parameters differ based on several factors, including age, sex, genetic variation, and geographic location. This variation influences clinical decisions and treatment monitoring. Currently, Ethiopia has used adopted reference intervals from manufacturer values derived from non-Africans. Therefore, the aim this study was to determine reference intervals for absolute and percentage CD4+ T cells for an apparently healthy population in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 361 apparently healthy people in four subcities in Addis Ababa from January to June 2019. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire after informed consent had been obtained. Blood samples were collected and CD4+ T-lymphocyte enumeration performed using a BD FACSPresto near-patient CD4 counter. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS 20. Reference intervals were determined by a nonparametric test estimating percentiles 2.5 (lower limit) and 97.5 (upper limit) with 95% CIs. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 337 (183 female and 154 male) healthy participants of median age 28 (IQR 17–35) years were included in the final analysis. Medians of absolute and percentage CD4+ T-cell counts (932.0 and 42.9, respectively) of female participants were significantly higher than male participants (802.5 and 38.7, respectively; P<0.05). Reference intervals for absolute CD4+ T-cell count and percentages in males were 483.8–1,310 cells/µL and 18.1–57.3 and in females 447.8–1,479.8 cells/µL and 25.6–58.9, respectively. Conclusion The CD4+ T-count reference intervals established in this study showed some inconsistency from the manufacturer’s provided values and other studies and also revealed sex differences, necessitating sex-specific locally established reference intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinkenesh Chalchisa
- National HIV Reference Laboratory, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Dinkenesh Chalchisa, National HIV Reference Laboratory, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, 1242, Ethiopia, Tel + 251-91-064-0900, Email
| | - Yohannes Belay
- National HIV Reference Laboratory, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Endalkachew Befekadu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Amanuel Mental Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Melkitu Kassaw
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Letebrhan G/Egzeabher
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Yekatit 12 Medical College Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Boki Lengiso
- National HIV Reference Laboratory, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Chala
- National HIV Reference Laboratory, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Ebba Abate
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Aster Tsegaye
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Bakr S, AlFattani A, Al-Nounou R, Bakshi N, Khogeer H, Alharbi M, Almousa N, Alomaim W, Aguilos A, Almashary M, Owaidah T. Hematologic reference intervals for healthy adult Saudis in Riyadh. Ann Saudi Med 2022; 42:191-203. [PMID: 35658586 PMCID: PMC9167458 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2022.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laboratory hematological tests are widely used in clinical practice to assess health and disease conditions. Reference ranges provided by laboratory reports are considered the most authoritative medical tools to assist in the decision-making phase. International standards institutes recommend that reference ranges be established for each region. OBJECTIVES Provide reference values of routine hematological parameters in Saudi adults according to age and gender. DESIGN Cross-sectional SETTING: Central province of Saudi Arabia. PATIENTS AND METHODS Apparently healthy Saudi adults were subjected to laboratory testing of routine hematological parameters (full blood count, hemostatic profile, and serum hematinics), after completing a detailed health medical questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Hematological reference values based on the local population. SAMPLE SIZE AND CHARACTERISTICS 637 after screening 827 potentially healthy Saudi adults with ages ranging from 15 to 65 years. RESULTS The reference values of routine hematological parameters for the full population and by gender are presented with 90% CI as the lower and upper limits. Reference ranges mostly differed from universal established ranges shown in textbooks. CONCLUSION The reference ranges of routine hematologic parameters for accurate assessment and appropriate management will help improve the routine clinical care of the adult Saudi population. LIMITATIONS Difficulty in assessing health status of participants, who could have subclinical illnesses not reflected in the evaluated blood measurement. Lack of ability to eliminate individuals who might be carriers for haemoglobinopathies. Studies with larger sample sizes from different areas of the country are required to achieve a more accurate representation of the whole Saudi population. CONFLICT OF INTEREST None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa Bakr
- From the Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.,From the College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej AlFattani
- From the Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Scientific Computing, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Randa Al-Nounou
- From the Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasir Bakshi
- From the Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haitham Khogeer
- From the Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Alharbi
- From the Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser Almousa
- From the Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Alomaim
- From the Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amelita Aguilos
- From the Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - May Almashary
- From the College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek Owaidah
- From the Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,From the Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Makau MC, Powell J, Prendergast J, Latré de Laté P, Morrison LJ, Fisch A, Gathura P, Kitala P, Connelley T, Toye P. Inverted CD4 +/CD8 + T cell ratio in Boran (Bos indicus) cattle. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2020; 230:110126. [PMID: 33080530 PMCID: PMC7700890 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The CD4+/CD8+ ratio is used as a marker of the immune regulation of T cell balance. When the ratio in peripheral blood is less than 1, this is considered an indication of immune suppression in an individual. Previous work on bovine Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) has consistently reported a ratio ≥1 as seen in other mammalian hosts, i.e. higher circulating CD4+ cell numbers than CD8+ cell numbers. However, a consistent inverted CD4+/CD8+ ratio (<1) was observed in Boran cattle, an African Bos indicus breed. The T cell populations were characterized in Boran cattle (n = 52), revealing higher percentages of circulating CD8+ cells (31.9 % average) than CD4+ cells (19.1 % average), thus resulting in the inversion of the expected T cell homeostasis in these animals. The results show that this inversion is not an effect of age or relatedness of the cattle, rather, it was shared by almost all Boran cattle used in this study. Despite this inversion being a feature shared by both males and females, the female cattle had significantly higher CD4+/CD8+ ratios than the male Boran. This paper describes the characteristics of the T cell fractions in the study animals and compares the findings to those of other Boran cattle in Kenya, and four other cattle breeds representing African indicine, African taurine, Brazilian indicine and European taurine cattle. We demonstrate that the consistent observation of inverted CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio was restricted to the Boran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurine C Makau
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
| | - Jessica Powell
- The Roslin Institute and Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - James Prendergast
- The Roslin Institute and Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Perle Latré de Laté
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Liam J Morrison
- The Roslin Institute and Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Andressa Fisch
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-902 Ribeirao Preto Brazil
| | - Peter Gathura
- The University of Nairobi, Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Phillip Kitala
- The University of Nairobi, Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, P.O Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Timothy Connelley
- The Roslin Institute and Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Toye
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
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Sahmoudi K, El Allam A, El Fakihi S, Tahoune H, Sadak A, El Hafidi N, Bourkadi J, El Aouad R, Seghrouchni F. Moroccan lymphocyte subsets reference ranges: age, gender, ethnicity, and socio-economic factors dependent differences. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2020; 41:281-296. [PMID: 32065027 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2020.1728543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Lymphocyte subsets reference ranges are helpful for a precise diagnosis and therapy of various diseases. We attempted in the current study to establish Moroccan lymphocyte reference range and reveal age, gender, ethnicity, income, and instructional levels dependent differences. Lymphocyte subsets percentage and absolute count were determined by 4-color flow cytometry in a population study of 145 adults Moroccan healthy volunteers. Analysis showed significant age-dependent changes. Age was associated with a decrease of naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and an increase of memory CD4+ or CD8+ T cells. Activated CD4+ CD38+ and CD8+ CD38+ T cells, Treg as well as NK cell showed age-dependent alterations. In contrast, B cells remained unchanged. A higher percentage of CD3+ and CD4+ T cells was observed in females while CD8+, B and NK cells count were higher in men. Ethnicity, instructional levels, and personal income seem to not influence lymphocyte subsets reference values. This study provides reference ranges for lymphocyte subsets of healthy Moroccan adults. These results can be used for other North African (Maghrebian) countries considering their geographic, ethnic, economic, and cultural similarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Sahmoudi
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, The National Institute of Hygiene, Rabat, Morocco.,Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Aicha El Allam
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, The National Institute of Hygiene, Rabat, Morocco.,Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Sara El Fakihi
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, The National Institute of Hygiene, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hicham Tahoune
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, The National Institute of Hygiene, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abderrahim Sadak
- Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Naima El Hafidi
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Avicenne University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Rajae El Aouad
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, The National Institute of Hygiene, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fouad Seghrouchni
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, The National Institute of Hygiene, Rabat, Morocco
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Rhodes D, Carcelain G, Keeney M, Parizot C, Benjamins D, Genesta L, Zhang J, Rohrbach J, Lawrie D, Glencross DK. Assessment of the AQUIOS flow cytometer - An automated sample preparation system for CD4 lymphocyte PanLeucogating enumeration. Afr J Lab Med 2019; 8:804. [PMID: 31850159 PMCID: PMC6909423 DOI: 10.4102/ajlm.v8i1.804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Flow cytometry has been the approach of choice for enumerating and documenting CD4-cell decline in HIV monitoring. Beckman Coulter has developed a single platform test for CD4+ T-cell lymphocyte count and percentage using PanLeucogating (PLG) technology on the automated AQUIOS flow cytometer (AQUIOS PLG). Objectives This study compared the performance of AQUIOS PLG with the Flowcare PLG method and performed a reference interval for comparison with those previously published. Methods The study was conducted between November 2014 and March 2015 at 5 different centres located in Canada; Paris, France; Lyon, France; the United States; and South Africa. Two-hundred and forty samples from HIV-positive adult and paediatric patients were used to compare the performances of AQUIOS PLG and Flowcare PLG on a FC500 flow cytometer (Flowcare PLG) in determining CD4+ absolute count and percentage. A reference interval was determined using 155 samples from healthy, non-HIV adults. Workflow was investigated testing 440 samples over 5 days. Results Mean absolute and relative count bias between AQUIOS PLG and Flowcare PLG was −41 cells/µL and −7.8%. Upward and downward misclassification at various CD4 thresholds was ≤ 2.4% and ≤ 11.1%. The 95% reference interval (2.5th – 97.5th) for the CD4+ count was 453–1534 cells/µL and the percentage was 30.5% – 63.4%. The workflow showed an average number of HIV samples tested as 17.5 per hour or 122.5 per 8-hour shift for one technician, including passing quality controls. Conclusion The AQUIOS PLG merges desirable aspects from conventional flow cytometer systems (high throughput, precision and accuracy, external quality assessment compatibility) with low technical operating skill requirements for automated, single platform systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rhodes
- Clinical Affairs, Beckman Coulter Immunotech, Marseille, France
| | | | - Mike Keeney
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre and St. Joseph's Health Care, Victoria Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Jin Zhang
- Life Science Flow Cytometry, Beckman Coulter Incorporated, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Justin Rohrbach
- Clinical affairs, Beckman Coulter Incorporated, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Denise Lawrie
- National Health Laboratory Service, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Deborah K Glencross
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
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7
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Determinants of Restoration of CD4 and CD8 Cell Counts and Their Ratio in HIV-1-Positive Individuals With Sustained Virological Suppression on Antiretroviral Therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2019; 80:292-300. [PMID: 30531492 PMCID: PMC6392208 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000001913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of HIV-positive individuals now start antiretroviral therapy (ART) with high CD4 cell counts. We investigated whether this makes restoration of CD4 and CD8 cell counts and the CD4:CD8 ratio during virologically suppressive ART to median levels seen in HIV-uninfected individuals more likely and whether restoration depends on gender, age, and other individual characteristics. METHODS We determined median and quartile reference values for CD4 and CD8 cell counts and their ratio using cross-sectional data from 2309 HIV-negative individuals. We used longitudinal measurements of 60,997 HIV-positive individuals from the Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration in linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS When baseline CD4 cell counts were higher, higher long-term CD4 cell counts and CD4:CD8 ratios were reached. Highest long-term CD4 cell counts were observed in middle-aged individuals. During the first 2 years, median CD8 cell counts converged toward median reference values. However, changes were small thereafter and long-term CD8 cell count levels were higher than median reference values. Median 8-year CD8 cell counts were higher when ART was started with <250 CD4 cells/mm. Median CD4:CD8 trajectories did not reach median reference values, even when ART was started at 500 cells/mm. DISCUSSION Starting ART with a CD4 cell count of ≥500 cells/mm makes reaching median reference CD4 cell counts more likely. However, median CD4:CD8 ratio trajectories remained below the median levels of HIV-negative individuals because of persisting high CD8 cell counts. To what extent these subnormal immunological responses affect specific clinical endpoints requires further investigation.
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Abongwa LE, Nyamache AK, Torimiro JN, Okemo P, Charles F. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ((HIV-1) subtypes in the northwest region, Cameroon. Virol J 2019; 16:103. [PMID: 31416460 PMCID: PMC6694531 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1209-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The high genetic diversity of HIV-1 has been shown to influence the global distribution, disease progression, treatment success, and the development of an effective vaccine. Despite the low HIV prevalence in Cameroon, all the major HIV subtypes alongside several circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) and unique recombinant forms (URFs) have been reported in Cameroon. To date, HIV-1 diversity in some parts of Cameroon has been largely studied however, information on circulating HIV-1 subtypes in the Northwest region (NWR) of Cameroon is dearth. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine the current circulating HIV-1 subtypes among adults in the NWR of Cameroon. Methods The genetic analysis of the reverse transcriptase region of the pol gene was performed on 81 samples. The samples were collected from drug naïve patients aged between 18 and 61 years residing within the rural and urban towns in the NWR during the period between February and April 2016. Viral RNA was extracted from plasma, reverse-transcribed, further amplified by nested-PCR before sequencing using an in-house protocol. Generated sequences were then phylogenetically analyzed together with references using MEGA 7. Results Phylogenetic analysis revealed a broad viral diversity including CRF02 _AG (74.1%), F2 (7.4%), D (7.4%), G (3.7%), A1 (1.2%), CRF22_01A1 (2.5%), CRF06_cpx (1.2%), CRF09_cpx (1.2%), CRF11_cpx (1.2%). Three close epidemic clusters were found among F2 (1) and CRF02_AG (2) variants. For the first time we are reporting the CRF22_01A1 subtype in this region. Conclusion Our findings update HIV-1 subtypes information in Cameroon and uphold previous studies that CRF02_AG is the most prevalent subtype. This CRF02_AG subtype may have important public health, research, and clinical consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lem Edith Abongwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, and Microbiology, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda, Northwest, Region, Bamenda, Cameroon. .,Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Chantal Biya International Center for Research on the Prevention and Management of HIV / AIDS (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - Anthony Kebira Nyamache
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, and Microbiology, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Judith Ndongo Torimiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Chantal Biya International Center for Research on the Prevention and Management of HIV / AIDS (CIRCB), Yaounde, Cameroon.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Paul Okemo
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, and Microbiology, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Fokunang Charles
- Department of Pharmacotoxicology and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Muhamad SA, Muhammad NS, Ismail NDA, Mohamud R, Safuan S, Nurul AA. Intranasal administration of Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden (Tiger Milk mushroom) extract attenuates airway inflammation in murine model of allergic asthma. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:3867-3876. [PMID: 30988772 PMCID: PMC6447947 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder in the airways that involves the activation of cells and mediators. Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvardan or Tiger Milk mushroom is a medicinal mushroom that is traditionally used to treat inflammatory diseases including asthma. In this study, the protective effects of intranasal administration of L. rhinocerotis extract (LRE) in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway inflammation mouse model were investigated. Mice were sensitized by intraperitoneal (i.p) injection on days 0 and 14, followed by a daily challenge with 1% OVA from days 21 to 27. Following OVA challenge, LRE and dexamethasone were administered via intranasal and i.p. injection respectively. On day 28, the level of serum immunoglobulin (Ig)E, differential cell counts and T-helper (Th) 2 cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) fluid, cell subset population in lung-draining lymph nodes (LNs), leukocytes infiltration and mucus production in the lungs of the animals was measured. Results demonstrated that intranasal administration of LRE significantly suppressed the level of inflammatory cell counts in BALF as well as populations of CD4+ T-cells in lung draining LNs. Apart from that, LRE also significantly reduced the level of Th2 cytokines in BALF and IgE in the serum in OVA-induced asthma. Histological analysis also demonstrated the amelioration of leukocytes infiltration and mucus production in the lungs. Overall, these findings demonstrated the attenuation of airway inflammation in the LRE-treated mice therefore suggesting a promising alternative for the management of allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Aminah Muhamad
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150 Malaysia
| | - Nurul Syafira Muhammad
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150 Malaysia
| | | | - Rohimah Mohamud
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150 Malaysia
| | - Sabreena Safuan
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150 Malaysia
| | - Asma-Abdullah Nurul
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150 Malaysia
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Hari Chandra BP, Ramesh MN, Nagendra HR. Effect of Yoga on Immune Parameters, Cognitive Functions, and Quality of Life among HIV-Positive Children/Adolescents: A Pilot Study. Int J Yoga 2019; 12:132-138. [PMID: 31143021 PMCID: PMC6521755 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_51_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: HIV/AIDS individuals have problems relating to immune system, quality of life (QOL), and cognitive functions (CFs). Yoga is found to be useful in similar conditions. Hardly, any work is reported on yoga for HIV-positive adults/adolescents. Hence, this study is important. Aim: The aim of the study is to determine the effect of yoga on immune parameters, CFs, and QOL of HIV-positive children/adolescents. Settings and Design: Single-group, pre–post study with 4-month yoga intervention. Methods: The study had 18 children from an HIV/AIDS rehabilitation center for children/adolescents. CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8 ratio, and viral loads were studied. CF tests included six letter cancellation test, symbol digit modalities test, digit-span forward backward test, and Stroop tests. QOL was assessed using PedsQL-QOL and fatigue questionnaire. Depression was assessed using CDI2-SR. Statistical Analysis Used: t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, as applicable. Results: The study included 18 children/adolescents. There was improvement in general health of the participants. There was statistically significant increase in CD4 cells counts (p = 0.039) and significant decrease in viral load (p = 0.041). CD4/CD8 ratio moved to normal range. QOL significantly improved. CFs had mixed results with improved psychomotor performance (PP) and reduced executive functions. Conclusions: There was improvement in general health and immune parameters. While depression increased, QOL improved. CFs showed mixed results with improved PP and reduced executive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Hari Chandra
- Department of Life Sciences, S-VYASA Yoga University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mavathur N Ramesh
- Department of Life Sciences, S-VYASA Yoga University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Jung JW, Lee JS, Kim YR, Im SP, Kim SW, Lazarte JMS, Kim J, Thompson KD, Suh JP, Jung TS. Development of a monoclonal antibody against the CD3ε of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and its application in evaluating immune response related to CD3ε. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 65:179-185. [PMID: 28433716 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The T cell receptor (TCR) is the binding site of antigen and is responsible for specifically activating the adaptive immune response. CD3, an essential component of the CD3-TCR complex, is known to be composed of γδ and ε chains in teleost. However, there are few monoclonal antibodies (mAb) available to identify these molecules on T cells, so we aimed to produce a mAb against CD3ε to improve our understanding of T cell immune response in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). CD3ε recombinant protein was expressed in yeast, the expression of which was confirmed by SDS-PAGE, MALDI-TOF/TOF MS and Western blot analysis. A CD3ε-specific mAb 4B2 was selected, the specificity of which was examined by confocal microscopy, flow cytometry and RT-PCR, and the mAb was subsequently used to examine the CD3ε lymphocyte population in several different immune organs, with relatively high percentages of these cells seen in trunk-kidney and spleen, while lower percentages were seen in the liver and peripheral blood of olive flounder. During a viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) infection in olive flounder, the number of CD3ε lymphocytes was seen to gradually increase in the liver, spleen and trunk-kidney of infected fish until 7 days post infection (dpi). In peripheral blood, on the other hand, the increase in CD3ε lymphocyte numbers peaked by 3 dpi. These results suggest that CD3ε lymphocytes might be involved in the immune response against VHSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Wook Jung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwa-dong, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 660-701, South Korea
| | - Jung Seok Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwa-dong, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 660-701, South Korea
| | - Young Rim Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwa-dong, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 660-701, South Korea
| | - Se Pyeong Im
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwa-dong, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 660-701, South Korea
| | - Si Won Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwa-dong, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 660-701, South Korea
| | - Jassy Mary S Lazarte
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwa-dong, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 660-701, South Korea
| | - Jaesung Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwa-dong, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 660-701, South Korea
| | - Kim D Thompson
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Jong Pyo Suh
- Haeyon Fish Farm Research Center, Jeju, 695-976, South Korea
| | - Tae Sung Jung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwa-dong, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 660-701, South Korea.
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Neumann CG, Nyandiko W, Siika A, Drorbaugh N, Samari G, Ettyang G, Ernst JA. Morbidity and nutrition status of rural drug-naïve Kenyan women living with HIV. AJAR-AFRICAN JOURNAL OF AIDS RESEARCH 2017; 15:283-91. [PMID: 27681152 DOI: 10.2989/16085906.2016.1205111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes morbidity in a group of HIV-positive drug-naïve rural women in western Kenya. A total of 226 drug-naïve HIV-positive women were evaluated for baseline morbidity, immune function, and anthropometry before a food-based nutrition intervention. Kenyan nurses visited women in their homes and conducted semi-structured interviews regarding symptoms and physical signs experienced at the time of the visit and during the previous week and physical inspection. Blood and urine samples were examined for determination of immune function (CD4, CD8, and total lymphocyte counts), anaemia, malaria, and pregnancy status. Intradermal skin testing with tuberculin (PPD), candida, and tetanus toxoid antigens was also performed to evaluate cell-mediated immunity. Anthropometry was measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Seventy-six per cent of the women reported being sick on the day of the interview or within the previous week. Illnesses considered serious were reported by 13.7% of women. The most frequent morbidity episodes reported were upper respiratory tract infections (13.3%), suspected malaria (5.85%), skeletal pain (4.87%), and stomach pain (4.42%). The most common morbidity signs on physical inspection were respiratory symptoms, most commonly rhinorrhea and coughing. Confirmed malaria and severe diarrhea were significantly associated with a higher BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte G Neumann
- a David Geffen School of Medicine , University of California , Los Angeles , California , USA.,b Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health , University of California , Los Angeles , California , USA
| | - Winstone Nyandiko
- c USAID - Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) Partnership , Eldoret , Kenya.,d Department of Child Health and Pediatrics , Moi University , Eldoret , Kenya
| | - Abraham Siika
- c USAID - Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) Partnership , Eldoret , Kenya.,d Department of Child Health and Pediatrics , Moi University , Eldoret , Kenya
| | - Natalie Drorbaugh
- b Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health , University of California , Los Angeles , California , USA
| | - Goleen Samari
- b Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health , University of California , Los Angeles , California , USA.,e Population Research Center , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas , USA
| | - Grace Ettyang
- f School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences , Moi University , Eldoret , Kenya
| | - Judith A Ernst
- g Indiana University School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences , Indianapolis , Indiana , USA
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Chisenga CC, Kelly P. T cell subset profile in healthy Zambian adults at the University Teaching Hospital. Pan Afr Med J 2016; 23:103. [PMID: 27231509 PMCID: PMC4867728 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2016.23.103.8547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Symptom-free human immunodeficiency virus antibody-negative Zambian adults (51 subjects, aged 20 to 62 years, 33.3% women and 66.7% men) were studied to establish T cell subset reference ranges. Methods We carried out across sectional study at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka. Blood samples were collected from healthy donor volunteers from hospital health care staff, between February and March 2015. Immunopheno typing was undertaken to characterize Tcell subsets using the markers CD3, CD4, CD8, α4β7, Ki67, CD25, CCR7, CD54RA, CD57, CD28, CD27 and HLA-DR. Results Among 51 volunteers, Women had significantly higher absolute CD4 count (median 1042; IQR 864, 1270) than in men (671; 545, 899) (p=0.003). Women also had more CD4 cells expressing homing, naïve, effector and effector memory T cell subsets compared to men. However, in the CD8 population, only the effector cells were significantly different with women expressing more than the males. Conclusion We provide early reference range for T cell subsets in Zambian adults and conclude that among the African women some T cell subsets are higher than men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Kelly
- Tropical Gastroenterology and Nutrition Group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia; Blizard Institute Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK and TROPGAN Group Department of Internal Medicine University of Zambia School of Medicine Nationalist Road, Lusaka, Zambia
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Arumugam M, Parthasarathy V. Reduction of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T-cells in migraine: Is migraine an autoimmune disorder? J Neuroimmunol 2016; 290:54-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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