1
|
He J, Huang H, Li B, Li H, Zhao Y, Li Y, Ye W, Qi W, Tang W, Wang L. Identification of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1 as a positive regulator of influenza virus replication. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:862205. [PMID: 35928150 PMCID: PMC9343726 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.862205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human infection with highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus causes severe respiratory diseases. Currently, the drugs against H5N1 are limited to virus-targeted inhibitors. However, drug resistance caused by these inhibitors is becoming a serious threat to global public health. An alternative strategy to reduce the resistance risk is to develop antiviral drugs targeting host cell proteins. In this study, we demonstrated that cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1 (COX41) of host cell plays an important role in H5N1 infection. Overexpression of COX41 promoted viral replication, which was inhibited by silencing or knockout the expression of COX41 in the host cell. The ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) of H5N1 were retained in the cell nucleus after knockout cellular COX41. Strikingly, inhibition of cellular COX41 by lycorine, a small-molecule compound isolated from Amaryllidaceae plants, reduced the levels of COX41-induced ROS and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in cells, thus resulting in the blockage of nuclear export of vRNP and inhibition of viral replication. In H5N1-infected mice that were treated with lycorine, we observed a reduction of viral titers and inhibition of pathological changes in the lung and trachea tissues. Importantly, no resistant virus was generated after culturing the virus with the continuous treatment of lycorine. Collectively, these findings suggest that COX41 is a positive regulator of H5N1 replication and might serve as an alternative target for anti-influenza drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huibin Huang
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Pharmacy Department, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- National Avian Influenza Professional Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Huanan Li
- National Avian Influenza Professional Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaolan Li
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wencai Ye
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbao Qi
- National Avian Influenza Professional Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Wang, Wei Tang,
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Bioactive Natural Molecules and Innovative Drugs Research, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Wang, Wei Tang,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li-Juan L, Kang S, Zhi-Juan L, Dan L, Feng X, Peng Y, Bo-Shun Z, Jiang S, Zhi-Jing X. Klebsiella pneumoniae infection following H9N2 influenza A virus infection contributes to the development of pneumonia in mice. Vet Microbiol 2021; 264:109303. [PMID: 34923246 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, whether H9N2 influenza A virus (IAV) infection contributed to secondary Klebsiella pneumoniae infection was investigated. From post-infection onwards, clinical symptoms were monitored, examined and recorded daily for 11 days. As a result, no clinical signs were observed in the mice infected with single H9N2 IAV, implying that H9N2 IAV was less pathogenic to mice. Compared to single K. pneumonia infection, K. pneumoniae infection following H9N2 IAV infection exacerbates lung histopathological lesions and apoptosis, resulting in more severe diseases. Lung index of the mice with H9N2 IAV and K. pneumoniae co-infection was significantly higher than those in the other groups. Bacterial loads in the tissues in H9N2 IAV and K. pneumoniae co-infection group were significantly higher than those in the single K. pneumoniae infection group at 7 dpi. It demonstrated that prior H9N2 IAV infection contributed to K. pneumonia proliferation and delayed bacterial clearance in mice. Secondary K. pneumoniae infection influences seroconversion of anti-H9N2 antibody titers and the cytokine profiles. The findings demonstrated that H9N2 IAV infection facilitated secondary K. pneumonia infection, causing severe the diseases in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li-Juan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Shun Kang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Li Zhi-Juan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Li Dan
- Shandong Medicine Technician College, Taian City, Shandong Province 271016, China
| | - Xiao Feng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Zhang Bo-Shun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Shijin Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Xie Zhi-Jing
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian City, Shandong Province 271018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Solanki KS, Varshney R, Qureshi S, Thomas P, Singh R, Agrawal A, Chaudhuri P. Non-infectious outer membrane vesicles derived from Brucella abortus S19Δper as an alternative acellular vaccine protects mice against virulent challenge. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 90:107148. [PMID: 33189614 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The prime human and animal safety issues accentuate the search of promising newer alternative vaccine candidates to resolve complications associated with the live attenuated Brucella abortus strain19 (S19) vaccine. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs S19 Δper) extracted from Brucella abortus S19Δper (S19Δper) as an alternative subunit vaccine candidate has been explored in the present study as OMVs are endowed with immunogenic molecules, including LPS and outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and do not cause infection by virtue of being an acellular entity. The LPS defective S19Δper released a higher amount of OMVs than its parent strain S19. Under transmission electron microscopy (TEM), OMVs were seen as nano-sized outward bulge from the surface of Brucella. Dynamic light scattering analysis of OMVs revealed that OMVs S19Δper showed the less polydispersity index (PDI) than OMVs S19 pointing towards relatively more homogenous OMVs populations. Both OMVs S19Δper and OMVs S19 with or without booster dose and S19 vaccine were used for immunization of mice and subsequently challenged with 2 × 105 CFU virulent Brucella abortus strain 544 (S544) to assess protective efficacy of vaccines. The less splenic weight index and less S544 count in OMVs immunized mice in comparison to unimmunized mice after S544 challenge clearly indicated good protective efficacy of OMVs. OMVs S19 Δper induced relatively high titer of IgG than OMVs S19 but conferred nearly equal protection against brucellosis. An ELISA based determination of IgG and its isotype response, Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) based quantitation of serum cytokines and FACS based enumeration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells revealed high titer of IgG, production of both Th1 (IgG2a) and Th2 (IgG1) related antibodies, stimulation of IL-2, TNF (Th1) and IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 (Th2) cytokines, and induced T cell response suggested that OMVs S19Δper elicited Th1 and Th2 type immune response and ensured protection against S544 challenge in murine model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khushal Singh Solanki
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
| | - Rajat Varshney
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, FVAS, IAS, RGSC, Banaras Hindu University, Barkachha, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh 231001, India.
| | - Salauddin Qureshi
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
| | - Prasad Thomas
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
| | - Rahul Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India; Department of Veterinary Pathology, Khalsa College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Amritsar, Punjab 143001, India.
| | - Aditya Agrawal
- Division of Animal Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
| | - Pallab Chaudhuri
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Du Q, Gu Z, Leneva I, Jiang H, Li R, Deng L, Yang Z. The antiviral activity of arbidol hydrochloride against herpes simplex virus type II (HSV-2) in a mouse model of vaginitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 68:58-67. [PMID: 30612085 PMCID: PMC7106079 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective HSV-2 infection has increased significantly in recent years, which is closely associated with cervical cancer and HIV infection. The lack of success in vaccine development and the emergence of drug resistance to commonly used drugs emphasize the urgent need for alternative antivirals against HSV-2 infection. Arbidol (ARB) has been demonstrated to be a broad spectrum antiviral drug that exhibits immunomodulatory properties that affect the HSV-2 life cycle. This study investigated the efficacy and mechanism of ARB against HSV-2 in vivo and in vitro to further explore the clinical application of ARB. Methods The efficacy of ARB on HSV-2 infection in vitro was examined by CPE and MTT assays. A vaginitis model was established to monitor changes in histopathology and inflammatory cytokine (IL-2, IL-4, TNF-α and TGF-β) expression by H&E staining and ELISA, respectively, and the efficacy of ARB was evaluated accordingly. Furthermore, flow cytometry was used to determine the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood of the vaginitis animals. Considering the balance of efficacy and pharmacokinetics, ARB ointment was strictly prepared to observe formulation efficacy differences compared to the oral dosing form. Results The results showed that, in vitro, the TC50 and IC50 of ARB were 32.32 μg/mL and 4.77 μg/mL (SI = 6.82), respectively, indicating that ARB presents effective activity against HSV-2 in a dose-dependent manner. The results of the time-course assay suggested that 25 μg/mL ARB affected the late stage of HSV-2 replication. However, ARB did not inhibit viral attachment or cell penetration. The in vivo results showed that ARB ointment can improve the survival rate, prolong the survival time and reduce the reproductive tract injury in mice infected with HSV-2, regulate cytokine expression; and balance the CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio in the peripheral blood to participate in the regulation of immune response. Conclusion ARB showed anti-HSV-2 activity in vitro in a dose-dependent manner and played a role in inhibiting the late replication cycle of the virus. The vaginitis model was successfully established, according to immunomodulation outcomes, responded better to ARB in ointment form than in oral form. ARB showed anti-HSV-2 activity in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. ARB inhibited the late replication cycle of HSV-2. ARB ointment participated in the regulation of immune response to reduce the reproductive tract injury. ARB in ointment form responded to vaginitis better than in oral form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Du
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Zhen Gu
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, PR China; Luke Medical Center, Rua de Joao de Almeida No 10 LJB RC, Macau SAR, PR China
| | - Irina Leneva
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "I. Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera", Moscow, Russia
| | - Haiming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Runfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China
| | - Liehua Deng
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, PR China.
| | - Zifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China; Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
A Simple and Robust Approach for Evaluation of Antivirals Using a Recombinant Influenza Virus Expressing Gaussia Luciferase. Viruses 2018; 10:v10060325. [PMID: 29899269 PMCID: PMC6024319 DOI: 10.3390/v10060325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) causes seasonal epidemics and occasional but devastating pandemics, which are major public health concerns. Because the effectiveness of seasonal vaccines is highly variable and the currently available drugs are limited in their efficacy because of the emergence of drug resistance, there is an urgent need to develop novel antivirals. In this study, we characterized a recombinant IAV-carrying Gaussia luciferase (Gluc) gene and determined its potential as a tool for evaluating therapeutics. We demonstrated that this recombinant IAV is replication-competent in tissue culture and pathogenic in mice, although it is slightly attenuated compared to the parental virus. Luciferase expression correlated well with virus propagation both in vitro and in vivo, providing a simple measure for viral replication in tissue culture and in mouse lungs. To demonstrate the utility of this virus, ribavirin and oseltamivir phosphate were used to treat the IAV-infected cells and mice, and we observed the dose-dependent inhibition of viral replication by a luciferase assay. Moreover, the decreased luciferase expression in the infected lungs could predict the protective efficacy of antiviral interventions as early as day 2 post virus challenge. In summary, this study provides a new and quantitative approach to evaluate antivirals against IAV.
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Antigenic drift of seasonal influenza viruses and the occasional introduction of influenza viruses of novel subtypes into the human population complicate the timely production of effective vaccines that antigenically match the virus strains that cause epidemic or pandemic outbreaks. The development of game-changing vaccines that induce broadly protective immunity against a wide variety of influenza viruses is an unmet need, in which recombinant viral vectors may provide. Use of viral vectors allows the delivery of any influenza virus antigen, or derivative thereof, to the immune system, resulting in the optimal induction of virus-specific B- and T-cell responses against this antigen of choice. This systematic review discusses results obtained with vectored influenza virus vaccines and advantages and disadvantages of the currently available viral vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rory D de Vries
- a Department of Viroscience , Erasmus MC , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Targeted disruption of influenza A virus hemagglutinin in genetically modified mice reduces viral replication and improves disease outcome. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23746. [PMID: 27033724 PMCID: PMC4817130 DOI: 10.1038/srep23746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus can cause acute respiratory infection in animals and humans around the globe, and is still a major threat to animal husbandry and public health. Due to antigenic drift and antigenic shift of the virus, development of novel anti-influenza strategies has become an urgent task. Here we generated transgenic (TG) mice stably expressing a short-hairpin RNA specifically targeting hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza A virus, and investigated the susceptibility of the mice to influenza virus infection. We found that HA expression was dramatically disrupted in TG mice infected with WSN or PR8 virus. Importantly, the animals showed reduced virus production in lungs, slower weight loss, attenuated acute organ injury and consequently increased survival rates as compared to wild type (WT) mice after the viral infection. Moreover, TG mice exhibited a normal level of white blood cells following the virus infection, whereas the number of these cells was significantly decreased in WT mice with same challenge. Together, these experiments demonstrate that the TG mice are less permissive for influenza virus replication, and suggest that shRNA-based efficient disruption of viral gene expression in animals may be a useful strategy for prevention and control of a viral zoonosis.
Collapse
|
8
|
Hu XP, Shao MM, Song X, Wu XL, Qi L, Zheng K, Fan L, Liao CH, Li CY, He J, Hu YJ, Wu HQ, Li SH, Zhang J, Zhang FX, He ZD. Anti-influenza virus effects of crude phenylethanoid glycosides isolated from ligustrum purpurascens via inducing endogenous interferon-γ. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 179:128-136. [PMID: 26190352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ligustrum purpurascens Y.C. Yang (Oleaceae) is traditionally recorded as "Ku Ding Cha", a kind of functional tea in southern China for about two thousand years, which has been reported with sore throat alleviating and pathogenic heat expelling effects. However, there are no scientific studies demonstrating its antiviral activity. THE AIM OF THE STUDY This study is aimed at investigating the anti-influenza virus effects of phenylethanoid glycosides isolated from L. purpurascens (LPG) as well as its corresponding mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro, hemagglutination assay was employed to detect the influenza virus titer; In vivo, C57BL/6J mice were given oral administration of LPG (100mg/kg, 300mg/kg, 900mg/kg) or ribavirin (100mg/kg) once daily for 5 successive days. Meanwhile, on the second day, mice were infected intranasally (i.n.) with A/FM/1/47 H1N1 virus. Mice survival rate and other clinical index were monitored for 15 days. Infected mice were sacrificed to measure the lung lesion and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Flow cytometry analyses spleen lymphocytes and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) level. The IFN-γ knockout mice (IFN-γ(-/-) mice, C57BL/6J) which had been verified lacking IFN-γ through Western Blot, were applied in the death-protection test to identify the role of IFN-γ played in LPG antiviral effect. RESULTS In vitro, LPG at 0.5mg/ml inhibited Influenza A Virus H1N1 type (H1N1) infection of MDCK cells. In vivo, LPG at 300 and 900mg/kg significantly decreased the mouse lung index (p<0.05), alleviated influenza-induced lethality and clinical symptoms, and therefore enhanced mouse survival (p<0.05). More detailed experiments demonstrated that antiviral cytokine IFN-γ was involved in the antiviral effect of LPG. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that LPG (900mg/kg) significantly induced secretion of IFN-γ by splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells (p<0.05). Moreover, LPG (900mg/kg) protected wild-type C57BL/6J mice from H1N1 injury, whereas LPG-mediated survival protection disappeared in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. CONCLUSION These results suggest that up-regulating endogenous IFN-γ by LPG may represent a novel therapeutic approach for H1N1 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-peng Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute of Biotherapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Min-ming Shao
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Xun Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute of Biotherapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xu-li Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute of Biotherapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ling Qi
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute of Biotherapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Long Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute of Biotherapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Cheng-hui Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute of Biotherapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chen-yang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute of Biotherapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute of Biotherapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ying-jie Hu
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Hai-qiang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute of Biotherapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shi-he Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute of Biotherapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute of Biotherapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Feng-xue Zhang
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Zhen-dan He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Institute of Biotherapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| |
Collapse
|