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Mirzakhanyan Y, Jankevics A, Scheltema RA, Gershon PD. Combination of deep XLMS with deep learning reveals an ordered rearrangement and assembly of a major protein component of the vaccinia virion. mBio 2023; 14:e0113523. [PMID: 37646531 PMCID: PMC10653903 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01135-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE An outstanding problem in the understanding of poxvirus biology is the molecular structure of the mature virion. Via deep learning methods combined with chemical cross-linking mass spectrometry, we have addressed the structure and assembly pathway of P4a, a key poxvirus virion core component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeva Mirzakhanyan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Andris Jankevics
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Richard A. Scheltema
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul David Gershon
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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Yeo G, Wang Y, Chong SM, Humaidi M, Lim XF, Mailepessov D, Chan S, How CB, Lin YN, Huangfu T, Fernandez CJ, Hapuarachchi HC, Yap G. Characterization of Fowlpox virus in chickens and bird-biting mosquitoes: a molecular approach to investigating Avipoxvirus transmission. J Gen Virol 2019; 100:838-850. [PMID: 30907721 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian pox is a highly contagious avian disease, yet relatively little is known about the epidemiology and transmission of Avipoxviruses. Using a molecular approach, we report evidence for a potential link between birds and field-caught mosquitoes in the transmission of Fowlpox virus (FWPV) in Singapore. Comparison of fpv167 (P4b), fpv126 (VLTF-1), fpv175-176 (A11R-A12L) and fpv140 (H3L) gene sequences revealed close relatedness between FWPV strains obtained from cutaneous lesions of a chicken and four pools of Culex pseudovishnui, Culex spp. (vishnui group) and Coquellitidea crassipes caught in the vicinity of the study site. Chicken-derived viruses characterized during two separate infections two years later were also identical to those detected in the first event, suggesting repeated transmission of closely related FWPV strains in the locality. Since the study location is home to resident and migratory birds, we postulated that wild birds could be the source of FWPV and that bird-biting mosquitoes could act as bridging mechanical vectors. Therefore, we determined whether the FWPV-positive mosquito pools (n=4) were positive for avian DNA using a polymerase chain reaction-sequencing assay. Our findings confirmed the presence of avian host DNA in all mosquito pools, suggesting a role for Cx. pseudovishnui, Culex spp. (vishnui group) and Cq. crassipes mosquitoes in FWPV transmission. Our study exemplifies the utilization of molecular tools to understand transmission networks of pathogens affecting avian populations, which has important implications for the design of effective control measures to minimize disease burden and economic loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladys Yeo
- 1Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Singapore 138667, Singapore
| | - Yifan Wang
- 2Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority of Singapore, Animal and Plant Health Centre, 6, Perahu Road, Singapore 718827, Singapore
| | - Shin Min Chong
- 2Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority of Singapore, Animal and Plant Health Centre, 6, Perahu Road, Singapore 718827, Singapore
| | - Mahathir Humaidi
- 1Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Singapore 138667, Singapore
| | - Xiao Fang Lim
- 1Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Singapore 138667, Singapore.,†Present address: Duke-NUS Medical School, 8, College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Diyar Mailepessov
- 1Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Singapore 138667, Singapore
| | - Sharon Chan
- 3Sungei Buloh Wetlands Reserve, National Parks Board, 301, Neo Tiew Cresent, 301, Neo Tiew Cresent, Singapore 718925, Singapore.,‡Present address: Conservation Division, Central Nature Reserve, National Parks Board, 6, Island Club Road, Singapore 578775, Singapore
| | - Choon Beng How
- 3Sungei Buloh Wetlands Reserve, National Parks Board, 301, Neo Tiew Cresent, 301, Neo Tiew Cresent, Singapore 718925, Singapore
| | - Yueh Nuo Lin
- 2Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority of Singapore, Animal and Plant Health Centre, 6, Perahu Road, Singapore 718827, Singapore
| | - Taoqi Huangfu
- 2Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority of Singapore, Animal and Plant Health Centre, 6, Perahu Road, Singapore 718827, Singapore
| | - Charlene Judith Fernandez
- 2Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority of Singapore, Animal and Plant Health Centre, 6, Perahu Road, Singapore 718827, Singapore
| | | | - Grace Yap
- 1Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Singapore 138667, Singapore.,§Present address: Control of Operations Branch 2, National Environment Agency, 40, Scotts Road, Singapore 228231, Singapore
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Wang H, Jiang J, Ding R, Wang X, Liao M, Shao J, Luo X, Luo S, Duan C. Identification and characterization of Orf virus 050 protein proteolysis. Virus Genes 2017; 53:400-409. [PMID: 28190135 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-017-1430-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Orf virus 050 (ORFV050) gene is located in the core region of the ORFV genome. It is similar to Vaccinia virus (VV) Copenhagen L4R, and encodes the DNA-binding virion core protein VP8, which has structures similar to the VV P25K core protein and may undergo similar proteolytic processing during virus assembly. Three conserved Ala-Gly-X motifs at putative cleavage sites were identified in ORFV050. To investigate the proteolysis of ORFV050 and its participation in viral assembly, full-length and site-directed mutant ORFV050 recombinant proteins were constructed and expressed. Two distinct protein bands of 28.5 and 25 kDa were detected in the infected cells using anti-ORFV050 polyclonal antiserum. A potential cleavage site was identified at amino acids 30-32 of ORFV050. Mutation of AG/A to (R) in ORFV050 abolished the process of proteolysis. ORFV050 is a late gene synthesized during viral replication in the host cytoplasm. According to these results, we conclude that ORFV050 undergoes proteolysis and plays an important role in viral assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, The Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyi Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, The Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, The Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nongken Centre Hospital of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524002, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiying Liao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kiang Wu Hospital, Macau, 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Shao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, The Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Medical Research Center, The Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, The Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhong Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, 5 Hebin Road, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chaohui Duan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, The Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Wang X, Xiao B, Zhang J, Chen D, Li W, Li M, Hao W, Luo S. Identification and Characterization of a Cleavage Site in the Proteolysis of Orf Virus 086 Protein. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:538. [PMID: 27148226 PMCID: PMC4837287 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The orf virus (ORFV) is among the parapoxvirus genus of the poxviridae family, but little is known about the proteolytic pathways of ORFV encoding proteins. By contrast, the proteolysis mechanism of the vaccinia virus (VV) has been extensively explored. Vaccinia virus core protein P4a undergoes a proteolytic process that takes place at a conserved cleavage site Ala-Gly-X (where X is any amino acid) and participates in virus assembly. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that an ORFV encoding protein, ORFV086, has a similar structure to the vaccinia virus P4a core protein. In this study, we focus on the kinetic analysis and proteolysis mechanism of ORFV086. We found, via kinetic analysis, that ORFV086 is a late gene that starts to express at 8 h post infection at mRNA level and 12–24 h post infection at the protein level. The ORFV086 precursor and a 21 kDa fragment can be observed in mature ORFV virions. The same bands were detected at only 3 h post infection, suggesting that both the ORFV086 precursor and the 21 kDa fragment are viral structural proteins. ORFV086 was cleaved from 12 to 24 h post infection. The cleavage took place at different sites, resulting in seven bands with differing molecular weights. Sequence alignment revealed that five putative cleavage sites were predicted at C-terminal and internal regions of ORFV086. To investigate whether those cleavage sites are involved in proteolytic processing, full length and several deletion mutant ORFV086 recombinant proteins were expressed and probed. The GGS site that produced a 21 kDa cleavage fragment was confirmed by identification of N/C-terminal FLAG epitope recombinant proteins, site-directed mutagenesis and pulse-chase analysis. Interestingly, chase results demonstrated that, at late times, ORFV086 is partially cleaved. Taken together, we concluded that GGS is a cleavage site in ORFV086 and produces a 21 kDa fragment post infection. Both ORFV086 precursor and the 21 kDa fragment are structural proteins of mature ORFV virions. ORFV086 and its cleaved products are indispensable for correct assembly of mature viral particles and this proteolytic processing of ORFV086 may play an essential role in viral morphogenic transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wang
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China; Department of Laboratory, Medicine Nongken Centre, Hospital of GuangdongZhanjiang, China
| | - Bin Xiao
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military CommandGuangzhou, China
| | - Jiafeng Zhang
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University Guangzhou, China
| | - Daxiang Chen
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Hao
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Shuhong Luo
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, China
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Offerman K, Carulei O, Gous TA, Douglass N, Williamson AL. Phylogenetic and histological variation in avipoxviruses isolated in South Africa. J Gen Virol 2013; 94:2338-2351. [PMID: 23860490 PMCID: PMC3785031 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.054049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Thirteen novel avipoxviruses were isolated from birds from different regions of South Africa. These viruses could be divided into six groups, according to gross pathology and pock appearance on chick chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs). Histopathology revealed distinct differences in epidermal and mesodermal cell proliferation, as well as immune cell infiltration, caused by the different avipoxviruses, even within groups of viruses causing similar CAM gross pathology. In order to determine the genetic relationships among the viruses, several conserved poxvirus genetic regions, corresponding to vaccinia virus (VACV) A3L (fpv167 locus, VACV P4b), G8R (fpv126 locus, VLTF-1), H3L (fpv140 locus, VACV H3L) and A11R–A12L (fpv175–176 locus) were analysed phylogenetically. The South African avipoxvirus isolates in this study all grouped in clade A, in either subclade A2 or A3 of the genus Avipoxvirus and differ from the commercial fowlpox vaccines (subclade A1) in use in the South African poultry industry. Analysis of different loci resulted in different branching patterns. There was no correlation between gross morphology, histopathology, pock morphology and phylogenetic grouping. There was also no correlation between geographical distribution and virus phenotype or genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy Offerman
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Olivia Carulei
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Nicola Douglass
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anna-Lise Williamson
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Service, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
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