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Currá A, Cacciabue M, Gravisaco MJ, Asurmendi S, Taboga O, Gismondi MI. Antiviral efficacy of short-hairpin RNAs and artificial microRNAs targeting foot-and-mouth disease virus. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11227. [PMID: 34178434 PMCID: PMC8197037 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a well-conserved mechanism in eukaryotic cells that directs post-transcriptional gene silencing through small RNA molecules. RNAi has been proposed as an alternative approach for rapid and specific control of viruses including foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), the causative agent of a devastating animal disease with high economic impact. The aim of this work was to assess the antiviral activity of different small RNA shuttles targeting the FMDV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase coding sequence (3D). Three target sequences were predicted within 3D considering RNA accessibility as a major criterion. The silencing efficacy of short-hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) and artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs) targeting the selected sequences was confirmed in fluorescent reporter assays. Furthermore, BHK-21 cells transiently expressing shRNAs or amiRNAs proved 70 to >95% inhibition of FMDV growth. Interestingly, dual expression of amiRNAs did not improve FMDV silencing. Lastly, stable cell lines constitutively expressing amiRNAs were established and characterized in terms of antiviral activity against FMDV. As expected, viral replication in these cell lines was delayed. These results show that the target RNA-accessibility-guided approach for RNAi design rendered efficient amiRNAs that constrain FMDV replication. The application of amiRNAs to complement FMDV vaccination in specific epidemiological scenarios shall be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabella Currá
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABiMo), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marco Cacciabue
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABiMo), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María José Gravisaco
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABiMo), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Asurmendi
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABiMo), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar Taboga
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABiMo), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María I Gismondi
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABiMo), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Stenfeldt C, Arzt J, Smoliga G, LaRocco M, Gutkoska J, Lawrence P. Proof-of-concept study: profile of circulating microRNAs in Bovine serum harvested during acute and persistent FMDV infection. Virol J 2017; 14:71. [PMID: 28388926 PMCID: PMC5384155 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0743-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Changes in the levels of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in the serum of humans and animals have been detected as a result of infection with a variety of viruses. However, to date, such a miRNA profiling study has not been conducted for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection. Methods The relative abundance of 169 miRNAs was measured in bovine serum collected at three different phases of FMDV infection in a proof-of-concept study using miRNA PCR array plates. Results Alterations in specific miRNA levels were detected in serum during acute, persistent, and convalescent phases of FMDV infection. Subclinical FMDV persistence produced a circulating miRNA profile distinct from cattle that had cleared infection. bta-miR-17-5p was highest expressed during acute infection, whereas bta-miR-31 was the highest during FMDV persistence. Interestingly, miR-1281was significantly down-regulated during both acute and persistent infection. Cattle that cleared infection resembled the baseline profile, adding support to applying serum miRNA profiling for identification of sub-clinically infected FMDV carriers. Significantly regulated miRNAs during acute or persistent infection were associated with cellular proliferation, apoptosis, modulation of the immune response, and lipid metabolism. Conclusions These findings suggest a role for non-coding regulatory RNAs in FMDV infection of cattle. Future studies will delineate the individual contributions of the reported miRNAs to FMDV replication, determine if this miRNA signature is applicable across all FMDV serotypes, and may facilitate development of novel diagnostic applications. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-017-0743-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Stenfeldt
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, USDA/ARS/NAA/FADRU, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY, 11944-0848, USA
| | - Jonathan Arzt
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, USDA/ARS/NAA/FADRU, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY, 11944-0848, USA
| | - George Smoliga
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, USDA/ARS/NAA/FADRU, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY, 11944-0848, USA
| | - Michael LaRocco
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, USDA/ARS/NAA/FADRU, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY, 11944-0848, USA
| | - Joseph Gutkoska
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, USDA/ARS/NAA/FADRU, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY, 11944-0848, USA
| | - Paul Lawrence
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, USDA/ARS/NAA/FADRU, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY, 11944-0848, USA.
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Dong YM, Cai JC, Chen HT, Chen L. Protection of a novel epitope-RNA VLP double-effective VLP vaccine for foot-and-mouth disease. Antiviral Res 2016; 134:108-116. [PMID: 27565990 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals. Previously, we found that the epitope peptide EP141-160 displayed on virus-like particles (VLP) for use as a vaccine showed high immunoreactivity and conferred partially effective protection to animals. In this study, we first combined antisense RNA with VLP as a vaccine against the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) by using a prokaryotic co-expression system. The antisense RNA against the 3D genes of FMDV was packaged into VLP with EP141-160 presented on the surface. ELISA and Western blotting proved that the epitope-RNA VLP eliciting an immune response to FMDV in mice. Furthermore, the potency of the vaccine was tested in mice and guinea pigs. The results indicated that the epitope-RNA VLP vaccine protected 40% of suckling mice and 85% (17/20) of guinea pigs from FMDV. Based on the experimental data, the epitope-RNA VLP vaccine should have value in exploring and developing vaccines against FMDV in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Mei Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China; Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, PR China
| | - Jian-Chun Cai
- Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, PR China.
| | - Hao-Tai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiologic Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, PR China.
| | - Liang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China.
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Fu N, Wu J, Lv L, He J, Jiang S. Anti-foot-and-mouth disease virus effects of Chinese herbal kombucha in vivo. Braz J Microbiol 2015; 46:1245-55. [PMID: 26691487 PMCID: PMC4704643 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838246420140701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) is sensitive to acids and can be inactivated
by exposure to low pH conditions. Spraying animals at risk of infection with
suspensions of acid-forming microorganisms has been identified as a potential
strategy for preventing FMD. Kombucha is one of the most strongly acid-forming
symbiotic probiotics and could thus be an effective agent with which to implement
this strategy. Moreover, certain Chinese herbal extracts are known to have
broad-spectrum antiviral effects. Chinese herbal kombucha can be prepared by
fermenting Chinese herbal extracts with a kombucha culture. Previous studies
demonstrated that Chinese herbal kombucha prepared in this way efficiently inhibits
FMDV replication in vitro. To assess the inhibitory effects of
Chinese herbal kombucha against FMDV in vitro, swine challenged by
intramuscular injection with 1000 SID50 of swine FMDV serotype O strain
O/China/99 after treatment with Chinese herbal kombucha were partially protected
against infection, as demonstrated by a lack of clinical symptoms and qRT-PCR
analysis. In a large scale field trial, spraying cattle in an FMD outbreak zone with
kombucha protected against infection. Chinese herbal kombucha may be a useful
probiotic agent for managing FMD outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naifang Fu
- National Research Center for Cassava Processing and Development, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, People's Republic of China
| | - Juncai Wu
- National Research Center for Cassava Processing and Development, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, People's Republic of China
| | - Lv Lv
- National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, People's Republic of China
| | - Jijun He
- National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengjun Jiang
- National Research Center for Cassava Processing and Development, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, People's Republic of China
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Synthesis and in-vitro evaluation of 2-amino-4-arylthiazole as inhibitor of 3D polymerase against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Eur J Med Chem 2015; 102:387-97. [PMID: 26301555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious vesicular disease of livestock caused by a highly variable RNA virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). One of the targets to suppress expansion of and to control FMD is 3D polymerase (FMDV 3Dpol). In this study, 2-amino-4-arylthiazole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activity against FMDV 3Dpol. Among them, compound 20i exhibited the most potent functional inhibition (IC50 = 0.39 μM) of FMDV 3D polymerase and compound 24a (EC50 = 13.09 μM) showed more potent antiviral activity than ribavirin (EC50 = 1367 μM) and T1105 (EC50 = 347 μM) with IBRS-2 cells infected by the FMDV O/SKR/2010 strain.
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Hu S, Qiao J, Fu Q, Chen C, Ni W, Wujiafu S, Ma S, Zhang H, Sheng J, Wang P, Wang D, Huang J, Cao L, Ouyang H. Transgenic shRNA pigs reduce susceptibility to foot and mouth disease virus infection. eLife 2015; 4:e06951. [PMID: 26090904 PMCID: PMC4502569 DOI: 10.7554/elife.06951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is an economically devastating viral disease leading to a substantial loss to the swine industry worldwide. A novel alternative strategy is to develop pigs that are genetically resistant to infection. Here, we produce transgenic (TG) pigs that constitutively expressed FMDV-specific short interfering RNA (siRNA) derived from small hairpin RNA (shRNA). In vitro challenge of TG fibroblasts showed the shRNA suppressed viral growth. TG and non-TG pigs were challenged by intramuscular injection with 100 LD50 of FMDV. High fever, severe clinical signs of foot-and-mouth disease and typical histopathological changes were observed in all of the non-TG pigs but in none of the high-siRNA pigs. Our results show that TG shRNA can provide a viable tool for producing animals with enhanced resistance to FMDV. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06951.001 Foot-and-mouth disease regularly causes serious outbreaks in livestock. The virus that causes the disease can infect cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, and many species of wild animals; the disease is also highly contagious and spreads very quickly and easily. To control the spread of foot-and-mouth disease, farmers must often kill entire herds of animals that have been exposed. Wild animals that can spread the virus may also be killed in an effort to stop the spread of the disease. Vaccines that protect against foot-and-mouth disease are available and are often used to help prevent the spread of the disease. However, once an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease begins it may be too late for vaccines to stop its spread. This is because the vaccines can take about a week to provide protection, and by that time an exposed animal may already be very ill. Previous work conducted in 2010 reported that mice could be genetically engineered to produce short stretches of RNA molecules that can switch off genes from the foot-and-mouth disease virus. Compared with normal mice infected with the foot-and-mouth disease virus, the genetically engineered mice showed little sign of the disease in their bodies. Now, Hu, Qiao, Fu et al.—including some of the researchers involved in the 2010 work—have genetically engineered pigs in the same way. The experiments show that when cells from these pigs are exposed to the foot-and-mouth disease virus in the laboratory, the virus grows much less than normal. Next, Hu, Qiao, Fu et al. injected genetically engineered pigs and non-genetically engineered pigs with the virus. All of the normal pigs developed severe symptoms very quickly, including the disease's characteristic mouth and foot sores. Additionally, examinations of these pigs' cells showed signs of the disease. But the genetically engineered pigs did not become seriously ill and their cells showed little sign of the disease. Some of the genetically engineered pigs developed a few sores but these sores appeared much later than normal. So far, the results suggest that it may be possible to develop pigs that are resistant to foot-and-mouth disease. Hu, Qiao, Fu et al. will next determine whether or not the genetically engineered pigs can pass the foot-and-mouth virus on to other pigs and livestock. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06951.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jun Qiao
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Chuangfu Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Wei Ni
- College of Animal Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Sai Wujiafu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Shiwei Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jingliang Sheng
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Pengyan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jiong Huang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, China
| | - Lijuan Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Hongsheng Ouyang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Dong YM, Zhang GG, Huang XJ, Chen L, Chen HT. Promising MS2 mediated virus-like particle vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease. Antiviral Res 2015; 117:39-43. [PMID: 25676866 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has caused severe economic losses to millions of farmers worldwide. In this work, the coding genes of 141-160 epitope peptide (EP141-160) of VP1 were inserted into the coat protein (CP) genes of MS2 in prokaryotic expression vector, and the recombinant protein self-assembled into virus-like particles (VLP). Results showed that the CP-EP141-160 VLP had a strong immunoreaction with the FMD virus (FMDV) antigen in vitro, and also had an effective immune response in mice. Further virus challenge tests were carried out on guinea pigs and swine, high-titer neutralizing antibodies were produced and the CP-EP141-160 VLP vaccine could protect most of the animals against FMDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-mei Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiologic Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, PR China
| | - Guo-guang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiologic Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, PR China
| | - Xiao-jun Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiologic Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, PR China
| | - Liang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiologic Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, PR China.
| | - Hao-tai Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiologic Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, PR China.
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Swine interferon-induced transmembrane protein, sIFITM3, inhibits foot-and-mouth disease virus infection in vitro and in vivo. Antiviral Res 2014; 109:22-9. [PMID: 24973762 PMCID: PMC7113896 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Swine IFITM3 (sIFITM3) shares the conserved functional domains and amino acid residues with its human ortholog. sIFITM3 restricts FMDV infection in BHK cells. sIFITM3 disrupts FMDV viral attachment to the host cell surface. sIFITM3 protects suckling mice from FMDV challenge.
The interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) is a widely expressed potent antiviral effector of the host innate immune system. It restricts a diverse group of pathogenic, enveloped viruses, by interfering with endosomal fusion. In this report, the swine IFITM3 (sIFITM3) gene was cloned. It shares the functionally conserved CD225 domain and multiple critical amino acid residues (Y19, F74, F77, R86 and Y98) with its human ortholog, which are essential for antiviral activity. Ectopic expression of sIFITM3 significantly inhibited non-enveloped foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection in BHK-21 cells. Furthermore, sIFITM3 blocked FMDV infection at early steps in the virus life cycle by disrupting viral attachment to the host cell surface. Importantly, inoculation of 2-day-old suckling mice with a plasmid expressing sIFITM3 conferred protection against lethal challenge with FMDV. These results suggest that sIFITM3 is a promising antiviral agent and that can safeguard the host from infection with FMDV.
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Potential applications for antiviral therapy and prophylaxis in bovine medicine. Anim Health Res Rev 2014; 15:102-17. [PMID: 24810855 DOI: 10.1017/s1466252314000048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Viral disease is one of the major causes of financial loss and animal suffering in today's cattle industry. Increases in global commerce and average herd size, urbanization, vertical integration within the industry and alterations in global climate patterns have allowed the spread of pathogenic viruses, or the introduction of new viral species, into regions previously free of such pathogens, creating the potential for widespread morbidity and mortality in naïve cattle populations. Despite this, no antiviral products are currently commercially licensed for use in bovine medicine, although significant progress has been made in the development of antivirals for use against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) and bovine herpesvirus (BHV). BVDV is extensively studied as a model virus for human antiviral studies. Consequently, many compounds with efficacy have been identified and a few have been successfully used to prevent infection in vivo although commercial development is still lacking. FMDV is also the subject of extensive antiviral testing due to the importance of outbreak containment for maintenance of export markets. Thirdly, BHV presents an attractive target for antiviral development due to its worldwide presence. Antiviral studies for other bovine viral pathogens are largely limited to preliminary studies. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of antiviral compounds against several key bovine pathogens and the potential for commercial antiviral applications in the prevention and control of several selected bovine diseases.
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Chang Y, Dou Y, Bao H, Luo X, Liu X, Mu K, Liu Z, Liu X, Cai X. Multiple microRNAs targeted to internal ribosome entry site against foot-and-mouth disease virus infection in vitro and in vivo. Virol J 2014; 11:1. [PMID: 24393133 PMCID: PMC3903555 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-11-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a severe vesicular disease in domestic and wild cloven-hoofed animals. Because of the limited early protection induced by current vaccines, emergency antiviral strategies to control the rapid spread of FMD outbreaks are needed. Here we constructed multiple microRNAs (miRNAs) targeting the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) element of FMDV and investigated the effect of IRES-specific miRNAs on FMDV replication in baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells and suckling mice. Results Four IRES-specific miRNAs significantly reduced enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression from IRES-EGFP reporter plasmids, which were used with each miRNA expression plasmid in co-transfection of BHK-21 cells. Furthermore, treatment of BHK-21 cells with Bi-miRNA (a mixture of two miRNA expression plasmids) and Dual-miRNA (a co-cistronic expression plasmid containing two miRNA hairpin structures) induced more efficient and greater inhibition of EGFP expression than did plasmids carrying single miRNA sequences. Stably transformed BHK-21 cells and goat fibroblasts with an integrating IRES-specific Dual-miRNA were generated, and real-time quantitative RT-PCR showed that the Dual-miRNA was able to effectively inhibit the replication of FMDV (except for the Mya98 strain) in the stably transformed BHK-21 cells. The Dual-miRNA plasmid significantly delayed the deaths of suckling mice challenged with 50× and 100× the 50% lethal dose (LD50) of FMDV vaccine strains of three serotypes (O, A and Asia 1), and induced partial/complete protection against the prevalent PanAsia-1 and Mya98 strains of FMDV serotype O. Conclusion These data demonstrate that IRES-specific miRNAs can significantly inhibit FMDV infection in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xuepeng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, P, R of China.
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Administration of E2 and NS1 siRNAs inhibit chikungunya virus replication in vitro and protects mice infected with the virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2405. [PMID: 24040429 PMCID: PMC3764232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has reemerged as a life threatening pathogen and caused large epidemics in several countries. So far, no licensed vaccine or effective antivirals are available and the treatment remains symptomatic. In this context, development of effective and safe prophylactics and therapeutics assumes priority. METHODS We evaluated the efficacy of the siRNAs against ns1 and E2 genes of CHIKV both in vitro and in vivo. Four siRNAs each, targeting the E2 (Chik-1 to Chik-4) and ns1 (Chik-5 to Chik-8) genes were designed and evaluated for efficiency in inhibiting CHIKV growth in vitro and in vivo. Chik-1 and Chik-5 siRNAs were effective in controlling CHIKV replication in vitro as assessed by real time PCR, IFA and plaque assay. CONCLUSIONS CHIKV replication was completely inhibited in the virus-infected mice when administered 72 hours post infection. The combination of Chik-1 and Chik-5 siRNAs exhibited additive effect leading to early and complete inhibition of virus replication. These findings suggest that RNAi capable of inhibiting CHIKV growth might constitute a new therapeutic strategy for controlling CHIKV infection and transmission.
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Daniel-Carlier N, Sawafta A, Passet B, Thépot D, Leroux-Coyau M, Lefèvre F, Houdebine LM, Jolivet G. Viral infection resistance conferred on mice by siRNA transgenesis. Transgenic Res 2012; 22:489-500. [PMID: 22961198 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-012-9649-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference is an attractive strategy to fight against viral diseases by targeting the mRNA of viral genes. Most studies have reported the transient delivery of small interfering RNA or small hairpin (shRNA) expression constructs. Here, we present the production of transgenic mice stably expressing shRNA or miRNA targeting the IE180 mRNA (immediate early gene) of the pseudorabies virus (PRV) which infects mice and farm animals. We firstly designed non-retroviral shRNA or miRNA expression vectors. Secondly, we selected the most efficient shRNA construct that targeted either the 5'part or 3'UTR of the IE mRNA and was able to knockdown the target gene expression in cultured cells, by measuring systematically the shRNA content and comparing this with the interfering effects. We then produced four lines of transgenic mice expressing different amounts of shRNA or miRNA in the brain but without signs of stimulation of innate immunity. Lastly, we tested their resistance to PRV infection. In all transgenic lines, we observed a significant resistance to viral challenge, the best being achieved with the shRNA construct targeting the 3'UTR of the IE gene. Viral DNA levels in the brains of infected mice were always lower in transgenic mice, even in animals that did not survive. Finally, this work reports an effective strategy to generate transgenic animals producing shRNA from non-retroviral expression vectors. Moreover, these mice are the first transgenic animal models producing shRNA with a significant antiviral effect but without any apparent shRNA toxicity.
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Du J, Gao S, Luo J, Zhang G, Cong G, Shao J, Lin T, Cai X, Chang H. Effective inhibition of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) replication in vitro by vector-delivered microRNAs targeting the 3D gene. Virol J 2011; 8:292. [PMID: 21663611 PMCID: PMC3315795 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes an economically important and highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals. RNAi triggered by small RNA molecules, including siRNAs and miRNAs, offers a new approach for controlling viral infections. There is no report available for FMDV inhibition by vector-delivered miRNA, although miRNA is believed to have more potential than siRNA. In this study, the inhibitory effects of vector-delivered miRNAs targeting the 3D gene on FMDV replication were examined. RESULTS Four pairs of oligonucleotides encoding 3D-specific miRNA of FMDV were designed and selected for construction of miRNA expression plasmids. In the reporter assays, two of four miRNA expression plasmids were able to significantly silence the expression of 3D-GFP fusion proteins from the reporter plasmid, p3D-GFP, which was cotransfected with each miRNA expression plasmid. After detecting the silencing effects of the reporter genes, the inhibitory effects of FMDV replication were determined in the miRNA expression plasmid-transfected and FMDV-infected cells. Virus titration and real-time RT-PCR assays showed that the p3D715-miR and p3D983-miR plasmids were able to potently inhibit the replication of FMDV when BHK-21 cells were infected with FMDV. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that vector-delivered miRNAs targeting the 3D gene efficiently inhibits FMDV replication in vitro. This finding provides evidence that miRNAs could be used as a potential tool against FMDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzheng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Shandian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Jihuai Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Guozheng Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Junjun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Tong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Xuepeng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Huiyun Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
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Modelling foot-and-mouth disease virus dynamics in oral epithelium to help identify the determinants of lysis. Bull Math Biol 2010; 73:1503-28. [PMID: 20725794 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-010-9576-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes an economically important disease of cloven-hoofed livestock; of interest here is the difference in lytic behaviour that is observed in bovine epithelium. On the skin around the feet and tongue, the virus rapidly replicates, killing cells, and resulting in growing lesions, before eventually being cleared by the immune response. In contrast, there is usually minimal lysis in the soft palate, but virus may persist in tissue long after the animal has recovered from the disease. Persistence of virus has important implications for disease control, while identifying the determinant of lysis in epithelium is potentially important for the development of prophylactics. To help identify which of the differences between oral and pharyngeal epithelium are responsible for such dramatically divergent FMDV dynamics, a simple model has been developed, in which virus concentration is made explicit to allow the lytic behaviour of cells to be fully considered. Results suggest that localised structuring of what are fundamentally similar cells can induce a bifurcation in the behaviour of the system, explicitly whether infection can be sustained or results in mutual extinction, although parameter estimates indicate that more complex factors may be involved in maintaining viral persistence, or that there are as yet unquantified differences between the intrinsic properties of cells in these regions.
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Pengyan W, Jianjun J, Ning L, Jinliang S, Yan R, Chuangfu C, Zhiru G. Transgenic mouse model integrating siRNA targeting the foot and mouth disease virus. Antiviral Res 2010; 87:265-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2010.02.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Revised: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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