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Guimerà Busquets M, Darpel KE. Purification of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus (and Other Orbiviruses) Particles from Infected Mammalian or Insect Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2838:77-89. [PMID: 39126624 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4035-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV), like other orbiviruses, infects and replicates in mammalian and insect vector cells. Within its ruminant hosts EHDV, like bluetongue virus (BTV), it has mainly been associated with infection of endothelial cells of capillaries as well as leukocyte subsets. Furthermore, EHDV infects and replicates within its biological vector, Culicoides biting midges and Culicoides-derived cells. A wide range of common laboratory cell lines such as BHK, BSR, and Vero cells are susceptible to infection with certain EHDV strains. Cell culture supernatants of infected cells are commonly used for both in vivo and in vitro infection studies. For specific virological or immunological studies, using highly purified virus particles, however, might be beneficial or even required. Here we describe a purification method for EHDV particles, which had been originally developed for certain strains of BTV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karin E Darpel
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Zhang Z, Guo W, Lu Y, Kang Q, Sui L, Liu H, Zhao Y, Zou X, Li Q. Hypovirulence-associated mycovirus epidemics cause pathogenicity degeneration of Beauveria bassiana in the field. Virol J 2023; 20:255. [PMID: 37924080 PMCID: PMC10623766 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The entomogenous fungus Beauveria bassiana is used as a biological insecticide worldwide, wild B. bassiana strains with high pathogenicity in the field play an important role in controlling insect pests via not only screening of highly virulent strains but also natural infection, but the pathogenicity degeneration of wild strains severely affected aforementioned effects. Previous studies have showed that multiple factors contributed to this phenomenon. It has been extensively proved that the mycovirus infection caused hypovirulence of phytopathogenic fungi, which has been used for plant disease biocontrol. However, it remains unknown whether the mycovirus epidemics is a key factor causing hypovirulence of B. bassiana naturally in the field. METHODS Wild strains of B. bassiana were collected from different geographic locations in Jilin Province, China, to clarify the epidemic and diversity of the mycoviruses. A mycovirus Beauveria bassiana chrysovirus 2 (BbCV2) we have previously identified was employed to clarify its impact on the pathogenicity of host fungi B. bassiana against the larvae of insect pest Ostrinia furnacalis. The serological analysis was conducted by preparing polyclonal antibody against a BbCV2 coat protein, to determine whether it can dissociate outside the host fungal cells and subsequently infect new hosts. Transcriptome analysis was used to reveal the interactions between viruses and hosts. RESULTS We surprisingly found that the mycovirus BbCV2 was prevalent in the field as a core virus in wild B. bassiana strains, without obvious genetic differentiation, this virus possessed efficient and stable horizontal and vertical transmission capabilities. The serological results showed that the virus could not only replicate within but also dissociate outside the host cells, and the purified virions could infect B. bassiana by co-incubation. The virus infection causes B. bassiana hypovirulence. Transcriptome analysis revealed decreased expression of genes related to insect epidermis penetration, hypha growth and toxin metabolism in B. bassiana caused by mycovirus infection. CONCLUSION Beauveria bassiana infected by hypovirulence-associated mycovirus can spread the virus to new host strains after infecting insects, and cause the virus epidemics in the field. The findings confirmed that mycovirus infection may be an important factor affecting the pathogenicity degradation of B. bassiana in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengkun Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Guo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Lu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Kang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Sui
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Zou
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyun Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China.
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China.
- Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, 132109, People's Republic of China.
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Chand K, Biswas SK, Mondal B. Isolation and Characterization of Bluetongue Virus Recovered from Blood Samples by Immunoaffinity Purification. Indian J Microbiol 2018; 58:433-439. [PMID: 30262953 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-018-0735-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC) method was optimized for the selective capture of bluetongue virus (BTV) from blood samples and isolation of the virus in cell culture. The antibody against BTV core particles (lacking the outer capsid proteins VP2 and VP5) was used for the optimization of IAC technique. The antibody against BTV core particle was conjugated with Protein A-virus complex and the complex was dissociated using elution buffer (4 M MgCl2 with 75 mM HEPES, pH 6.5). The optimized IAC method specifically purified the BTV without capturing other commonly infecting small ruminant's viruses like gaotpox virus (GTPV), sheeppox virus (SPPV), Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) and Foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV). The blood samples (n = 22), positive for BTV antigen in sandwich-ELISA were attempted for virus isolation in the BHK-21 cell using the optimized IAC method. A total of seven BTV were isolated by selective capturing of the virion particles. The isolated viruses were characterized by RNA-PAGE, sequence analysis and serum neutralization test (SNT). Electropherotypic analysis of viral dsRNA in the RNA-PAGE revealed the presence of ten dsRNA segments characteristic of BTV. Out of seven isolates, four isolates were identified as BTV-1 and three isolates were identified as BTV-16 based on nucleotide sequences of segment-2. Phylogenetic analysis of segment-2 nucleotide sequence segregated BTV-1 and BTV-16 isolates to monophyletic cluster at close proximity to other eastern topotype. In SNT, hyperimmune serum (HIS) against BTV-1 neutralized the four BTV-1 isolates up to a titer > 256 and HIS against BTV-16 neutralized the three BTV-16 isolates up to a titer > 128. The IAC technique will be useful for the selective capture of BTV from mixed infection (BTV with other small ruminant's viruses) and isolation from blood sample having low viral load by enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karam Chand
- 1Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar Campus, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263 138 India
| | - Sanchay K Biswas
- 1Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar Campus, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263 138 India
| | - Bimalendu Mondal
- 2Eastern Regional Station, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, 37, Belgachia Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 037 India
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Soe HJ, Khan AM, Manikam R, Samudi Raju C, Vanhoutte P, Sekaran SD. High dengue virus load differentially modulates human microvascular endothelial barrier function during early infection. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:2993-3007. [PMID: 29182510 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma leakage is the main pathophysiological feature in severe dengue, resulting from altered vascular barrier function associated with an inappropriate immune response triggered upon infection. The present study investigated functional changes using an electric cell-substrate impedance sensing system in four (brain, dermal, pulmonary and retinal) human microvascular endothelial cell (MEC) lines infected with purified dengue virus, followed by assessment of cytokine profiles and the expression of inter-endothelial junctional proteins. Modelling of changes in electrical impedance suggests that vascular leakage in dengue-infected MECs is mostly due to the modulation of cell-to-cell interactions, while this loss of vascular barrier function observed in the infected MECs varied between cell lines and DENV serotypes. High levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL11, CX3CL1, CCL2 and CCL20) and adhesion molecules (VCAM-1) were differentially produced in the four infected MECs. Further, the tight junctional protein, ZO-1, was down-regulated in both the DENV-1-infected brain and pulmonary MECs, while claudin-1, PECAM-1 and VE-cadherin were differentially expressed in these two MECs after infection. Non-purified virus stock was also studied to investigate the impact of virus stock purity on dengue-specific immune responses, and the results suggest that virus stock propagated through cell culture may include factors that mask or alter the DENV-specific immune responses of the MECs. The findings of the present study show that high DENV load differentially modulates human microvascular endothelial barrier function and disrupts the function of inter-endothelial junctional proteins during early infection with organ-specific cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jen Soe
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Asif M Khan
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Data Sciences, Perdana University, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rishya Manikam
- Trauma and Emergency (Academic), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chandramathi Samudi Raju
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Paul Vanhoutte
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Shamala Devi Sekaran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Zhang Q, Sun E, Xu Q, Yang T, Wang H, Feng Y, Li J, Lv S, Wu D. Identification of four novel group-specific bluetongue virus NS3 protein B-cell epitopes. Virol J 2015; 12:86. [PMID: 26062609 PMCID: PMC4514961 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0319-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The non-structural protein 3 (NS3) of bluetongue virus (BTV) is the second smaller non-structural protein produced in host cells, playing an important role in BTV trafficking and release. RESULTS In this study, we generated five BTV NS3-reactive monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), named 3D8, 2G9, 1B5, 4H8, and 2B12. A panel of overlapping NS3-derived peptides representing the entirety of the BTV15 NS3 protein was screened to identify linear peptide epitopes recognized by each mAb. Based on the initial screen, a series of progressively truncated peptides were produced to identify the minimal linear peptide sequence required to maintain mAb binding. We found that mAb 3D8 reacted with the motif (36)PPRYA(40), 2G9 reacted with the motif (82)AEAFRDDVRLRQIK(95), 1B5 reacted with the motif (205)YNDAVRMSF(213), 2B12 and 4H8 reacted with the motif (204)SYNDAVRMSF(213). Sequence alignments demonstrated that these linear epitopes are highly conserved among all BTV serotypes, consistent with the observation that each mAb was able to recognize cells infected with BTV1-24 serotypes tested and each identified B cell epitope was able to be recognized by BTV-infect sheep serum. CONCLUSION This collection of mAbs along with defined linear epitopes may provide useful reagents for investigations of NS3 protein function and the development of BTV group-specific diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - EnCheng Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - QingYuan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - HaiXiu Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - YuFei Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - JunPing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuang Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| | - DongLai Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
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Seo JK, Kang M, Vo Phan MS, Kim KH. Rapid purification of Soybean mosaic virus from small quantities of tissue by immunoprecipitation. J Virol Methods 2013; 191:31-2. [PMID: 23567843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, simple, and efficient method for purification of Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) was developed based on immunoprecipitation. Traditional centrifugation-based methods for purification of SMV and other potyviruses require long, complicated procedures and large quantities of infected tissue (100-500 g). The immunoprecipitation procedure described in this study allows the purification of intact SMV virion particles in 4h from 0.5 g of tissue. The reliability of this procedure was demonstrated by RT-PCR and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This method will be useful for high-throughput examination of the physical and morphological properties of virus particles because intact virion preparations ready for TEM observation can be purified rapidly from very small tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Kyun Seo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
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Saito M, Kurosawa Y, Okuyama T. Scanning electron microscopy-based approach to understand the mechanism underlying the adhesion of dengue viruses on ceramic hydroxyapatite columns. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53893. [PMID: 23326529 PMCID: PMC3542262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although ceramic hydroxyapatite (HAp) chromatography has been used as an alternative method ultracentrifugation for the production of vaccines, the mechanism of virus separation is still obscure. In order to begin to understand the mechanisms of virus separation, HAp surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy after chromatography with dengue viruses. When these processes were performed without elution and with a 10–207 mM sodium phosphate buffer gradient elution, dengue viruses that were adsorbed to HAp were disproportionately located in the columns. However, when eluted with a 10–600 mM sodium phosphate buffer gradient, few viruses were observed on the HAp surface. After incubating the dengue viruses that were adsorbed on HAp beads at 37°C and 2°C, the sphericity of the dengue viruses were reduced with an increase in incubation temperature. These results suggested that dengue virus was adsorbed to the HAp surface by electronic interactions and could be eluted by high-salt concentration buffers, which are commonly used in protein purification. Furthermore, virus fusion was thought to occur with increasing temperature, which implied that virus-HAp adhesion was similar to virus-cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Saito
- R&D Department, PENTAX New Ceramics Division, HOYA Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
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