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Wei Q, Wang W, Meng F, Wang Y, Wei N, Tian J, Li H, Hao Q, Zhou Z, Liu H, Yang Z, Xiao S. The W195 Residue of the Newcastle Disease Virus V Protein Is Critical for Multiple Aspects of Viral Self-Regulation through Interactions between V and Nucleoproteins. Viruses 2024; 16:584. [PMID: 38675926 PMCID: PMC11054343 DOI: 10.3390/v16040584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The transcription and replication of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strictly rely on the viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex, which is composed of viral NP, P, L and RNA. However, it is not known whether other viral non-RNP proteins participate in this process for viral self-regulation. In this study, we used a minigenome (MG) system to identify the regulatory role of the viral non-RNP proteins V, M, W, F and HN. Among them, V significantly reduced MG-encoded reporter activity compared with the other proteins and inhibited the synthesis of viral mRNA and cRNA. Further, V interacted with NP. A mutation in residue W195 of V diminished V-NP interaction and inhibited inclusion body (IB) formation in NP-P-L-cotransfected cells. Furthermore, a reverse-genetics system for the highly virulent strain F48E9 was established. The mutant rF48E9-VW195R increased viral replication and apparently enhanced IB formation. In vivo experiments demonstrated that rF48E9-VW195R decreased virulence and retarded time of death. Overall, the results indicate that the V-NP interaction of the W195 mutant V decreased, which regulated viral RNA synthesis, IB formation, viral replication and pathogenicity. This study provides insight into the self-regulation of non-RNP proteins in paramyxoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaolin Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.W.); (F.M.); (Y.W.); (N.W.); (J.T.); (H.L.); (Q.H.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Wenbin Wang
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 250100, China;
| | - Fanxing Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.W.); (F.M.); (Y.W.); (N.W.); (J.T.); (H.L.); (Q.H.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.W.); (F.M.); (Y.W.); (N.W.); (J.T.); (H.L.); (Q.H.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Ning Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.W.); (F.M.); (Y.W.); (N.W.); (J.T.); (H.L.); (Q.H.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Jianxia Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.W.); (F.M.); (Y.W.); (N.W.); (J.T.); (H.L.); (Q.H.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Hanlue Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.W.); (F.M.); (Y.W.); (N.W.); (J.T.); (H.L.); (Q.H.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Qiqi Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.W.); (F.M.); (Y.W.); (N.W.); (J.T.); (H.L.); (Q.H.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zijie Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.W.); (F.M.); (Y.W.); (N.W.); (J.T.); (H.L.); (Q.H.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Haijin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.W.); (F.M.); (Y.W.); (N.W.); (J.T.); (H.L.); (Q.H.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zengqi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.W.); (F.M.); (Y.W.); (N.W.); (J.T.); (H.L.); (Q.H.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Sa Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.W.); (F.M.); (Y.W.); (N.W.); (J.T.); (H.L.); (Q.H.); (Z.Z.); (H.L.); (Z.Y.)
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Zhang X, Sridharan S, Zagoriy I, Eugster Oegema C, Ching C, Pflaesterer T, Fung HKH, Becher I, Poser I, Müller CW, Hyman AA, Savitski MM, Mahamid J. Molecular mechanisms of stress-induced reactivation in mumps virus condensates. Cell 2023; 186:1877-1894.e27. [PMID: 37116470 PMCID: PMC10156176 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Negative-stranded RNA viruses can establish long-term persistent infection in the form of large intracellular inclusions in the human host and cause chronic diseases. Here, we uncover how cellular stress disrupts the metastable host-virus equilibrium in persistent infection and induces viral replication in a culture model of mumps virus. Using a combination of cell biology, whole-cell proteomics, and cryo-electron tomography, we show that persistent viral replication factories are dynamic condensates and identify the largely disordered viral phosphoprotein as a driver of their assembly. Upon stress, increased phosphorylation of the phosphoprotein at its interaction interface with the viral polymerase coincides with the formation of a stable replication complex. By obtaining atomic models for the authentic mumps virus nucleocapsid, we elucidate a concomitant conformational change that exposes the viral genome to its replication machinery. These events constitute a stress-mediated switch within viral condensates that provide an environment to support upregulation of viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Zhang
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sindhuja Sridharan
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ievgeniia Zagoriy
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christina Eugster Oegema
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Cyan Ching
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Pflaesterer
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Herman K H Fung
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Isabelle Becher
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ina Poser
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph W Müller
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anthony A Hyman
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mikhail M Savitski
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Julia Mahamid
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Entry, Replication, Immune Evasion, and Neurotoxicity of Synthetically Engineered Bat-Borne Mumps Virus. Cell Rep 2019; 25:312-320.e7. [PMID: 30304672 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bats harbor a plethora of viruses with an unknown zoonotic potential. In-depth functional characterization of such viruses is often hampered by a lack of virus isolates. The genome of a virus closely related to human mumps viruses (hMuV) was detected in African fruit bats, batMuV. Efforts to characterize batMuV were based on directed expression of the batMuV glycoproteins or use of recombinant chimeric hMuVs harboring batMuV glycoprotein. Although these studies provided initial insights into the functionality of batMuV glycoproteins, the host range, replication competence, immunomodulatory functions, virulence, and zoonotic potential of batMuV remained elusive. Here, we report the successful rescue of recombinant batMuV. BatMuV infects human cells, is largely resistant to the host interferon response, blocks interferon induction and TNF-α activation, and is neurotoxic in rats. Anti-hMuV antibodies efficiently neutralize batMuV. The striking similarities between hMuV and batMuV point at the putative zoonotic potential of batMuV.
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Gouma S, Koopmans MPG, van Binnendijk RS. Mumps virus pathogenesis: Insights and knowledge gaps. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:3110-3112. [PMID: 27455055 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1210745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent mumps outbreaks among MMR vaccinated persons have raised questions about the biological mechanisms related to mumps symptoms and complications in the background of waning immunity. Contrary to other paramyxoviruses, the understanding of mumps virus pathogenesis is limited, and further in-depth clinical studies are required to provide answers to important research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Gouma
- a Centre for Infectious Disease Control , National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) , Bilthoven , The Netherlands.,b Department of Viroscience , Erasmus University Medical Centre , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Marion P G Koopmans
- a Centre for Infectious Disease Control , National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) , Bilthoven , The Netherlands.,b Department of Viroscience , Erasmus University Medical Centre , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Rob S van Binnendijk
- a Centre for Infectious Disease Control , National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) , Bilthoven , The Netherlands
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Paingankar MS, Arankalle VA. Identification of chikungunya virus interacting proteins in mammalian cells. J Biosci 2014; 39:389-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-014-9436-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Abstract
Mumps virus (MuV) causes an acute infection in humans characterized by a wide array of symptoms ranging from relatively mild manifestations, such as parotitis, to more-severe complications, such as meningitis and encephalitis. Widespread mumps vaccination has reduced mumps incidence dramatically; however, outbreaks still occur in vaccinated populations. The V protein of MuV, when expressed in cell culture, blocks interferon (IFN) expression and signaling and interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling. In this work, we generated a recombinant MuV incapable of expressing the V protein (rMuVΔV). The rescued MuV was derived from a clinical wild-type isolate from a recent outbreak in the United States (MuV(Iowa/US/06), G genotype). Analysis of the virus confirmed the roles of V protein in blocking IFN expression and signaling and IL-6 signaling. We also found that the rMuV(Iowa/US/06)ΔV virus induced high levels of IL-6 expression in vitro, suggesting that V plays a role in reducing IL-6 expression. In vivo, the rMuV(Iowa/US/06)ΔV virus was highly attenuated, indicating that the V protein plays an essential role in viral virulence.
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Abstract
Background The Urabe AM9 vaccine strain of mumps virus contains two variants of V protein: VWT (of HN-A1081 viral population) and VGly (of HN-G1081). The V protein is a promoting factor of viral replication by blocking the IFN antiviral pathway. Findings We studied the relationship between V protein variants and IFN-α2b-induced apoptosis. V proteins decrease activation of the extrinsic IFN-α2b-induced apoptotic pathway monitored by the caspase 8 activity, being the effect greater with the VWT protein. Both V proteins decrease the activity of caspase 9 of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. In a system without IFN, the VWT and VGly proteins expression promotes activation of caspases 3 and 7. However, when the cellular system was stimulated with IFN-α, this activity decreased partially. TUNEL assay shows that for treatment with IFN-α and ibuprofen of cervical adenocarcinoma cells there is nuclear DNA fragmentation but the V protein expression reduces this process. Conclusions The reduction in the levels of caspases and DNA fragmentation, suggesting that V protein, particularly VWT protein of Urabe AM9 vaccine strain, modulates apoptosis. In addition, the VWT protein shows a protective role for cell proliferation in the presence of antiproliferative signals.
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