1
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Sui N, Zhang R, Jiang Y, Yu H, Xu G, Wang J, Zhu Y, Xie Z, Hu J, Jiang S. Integrated miRNA and mRNA Expression Profiles Reveal Differentially Expressed miR-222a as an Antiviral Factor Against Duck Hepatitis A Virus Type 1 Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:811556. [PMID: 35047423 PMCID: PMC8761743 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.811556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Duck hepatitis A virus 1 (DHAV-1) is a highly contagious etiological agent that causes acute hepatitis in young ducklings. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important regulatory roles in response to pathogens. However, the interplay between DHAV-1 infection and miRNAs remains ambiguous. We characterized and compared miRNA and mRNA expression profiles in duck embryo fibroblasts cells (DEFs) infected with DHAV-1. In total, 36 and 96 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs, and 4110 and 2595 DE mRNAs, were identified at 12 and 24 h after infection. In particular, 126 and 275 miRNA-mRNA pairs with a negative correlation were chosen to construct an interaction network. Subsequently, we identified the functional annotation of DE mRNAs and target genes of DE miRNAs enriched in diverse Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, which may be important for virus resistance, cell proliferation, and metabolism. Moreover, upregulated miR-222a could negatively regulate DHAV-1 replication in DEFs and downregulate integrin subunit beta 3 (ITGB3) expression by targeting the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR), indicating that miR-222a may modulate DHAV-1 replication via interaction with ITGB3. In conclusion, the results reveal changes of mRNAs and miRNAs during DHAV-1 infection and suggest miR-222a as an antiviral factor against DHAV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Sui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China
| | - Honglei Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China
| | - Guige Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China
| | - Yanli Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China
| | - Zhijing Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China
| | - Jiaqing Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China.,Shandong GreenBlue Biotechnology Co. Ltd. Economic Development Zone, Ningyang County, Taian, China
| | - Shijin Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Taian, China
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2
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Liu Y, Cheng A, Wang M, Mao S, Ou X, Yang Q, Wu Y, Gao Q, Liu M, Zhang S, Huang J, Jia R, Zhu D, Chen S, Zhao X, Yu Y, Liu Y, Zhang L, Tian B, Pan L. Duck Hepatitis A Virus Type 1 Induces eIF2α Phosphorylation-Dependent Cellular Translation Shutoff via PERK/GCN2. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:624540. [PMID: 33912143 PMCID: PMC8072014 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.624540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1) is one of the most deadly pathogens that endanger the duck industry. Most viruses usually turn off host translation after infection to facilitate viral replication and translation. For the first time report to our knowledge, DHAV-1 can induce eIF2α phosphorylation and inhibit cellular translation in duck embryo fibroblasts (DEFs). Moreover, the activity of DHAV-1 in the cells caused obvious eIF2α phosphorylation, which has nothing to do with the viral protein. Subsequently, we screened two kinases (PERK and GCN2) that affect eIF2α phosphorylation through inhibitors and shRNA. Notably, the role of GCN2 in other picornaviruses has not been reported. In addition, when the phosphorylation of eIF2α induced by DHAV-1 is inhibited, the translation efficiency of DEFs restores to a normal level, indicating that DHAV-1 induced cellular translation shutoff is dependent on eIF2α phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhi Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sai Mao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qun Gao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanling Yu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunya Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Leichang Pan
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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3
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Sun D, Wang M, Wen X, Cheng A, Jia R, Sun K, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhu D, Chen S, Liu M, Zhao X, Chen X. Cleavage of poly(A)-binding protein by duck hepatitis A virus 3C protease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16261. [PMID: 29176600 PMCID: PMC5701138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
During viral infections, some viruses subvert the host proteins to promote the translation or RNA replication with their protease-mediated cleavage. Poly (A)-binding protein (PABP) is a target for several RNA viruses; however, the impact of duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) on PABP remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that DHAV infection stimulates a decrease in endogenous PABP and generates two cleavage fragments. On the basis of in vitro cleavage assays, an accumulation of PABP cleavage fragments was detected in duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) cell extracts incubated with functional DHAV 3C protease. In addition, DHAV 3C protease was sufficient for the cleavage of recombinant PABP without the assistance of other eukaryotic cellular cofactors. Furthermore, using site-directed mutagenesis, our data demonstrated a 3C protease cleavage site located between Q367 and G368 in duck PABP. Moreover, the knockdown of PABP inhibited the production of viral RNA, and the C-terminal domain of PABP caused a reduction in viral replication compared to the N-terminal domain. Taken together, these findings suggested that DHAV 3C protease mediates the cleavage of PABP, which may be a strategy to manipulate viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Sun
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Xingjian Wen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China.
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China.
| | - Renyong Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Kunfeng Sun
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P.R. China
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4
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Rivas-Aravena A, Muñoz P, Jorquera P, Diaz A, Reinoso C, González-Catrilelbún S, Sandino AM. Study of RNA-A Initiation Translation of The Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus. Virus Res 2017; 240:121-129. [PMID: 28743463 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is a salmonid pathogen that causes significant economic losses to the aquaculture industry. IPNV is a non-enveloped virus containing two uncapped and non-polyadenylated double strand RNA genomic segments, RNA-A and RNA-B. The viral protein Vpg is covalently attached to the 5' end of both segments. There is little knowledge about its viral cycle, particularly about the translation of the RNAs. Through experiments using mono and bicistronic reporters, in this work we show that the 120-nucleotide-long 5'-UTR of RNA-A contains an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) that functions efficiently both in vitro and in salmon cells. IRES activity is strongly dependent on temperature. Also, the IRES structure is confined to the 5'UTR and is not affected by the viral coding sequence. This is the first report of IRES activity in a fish virus and can give us tools to generate antivirals to attack the virus without affecting fish directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rivas-Aravena
- Comisión Chilena de Energía Nuclear, Departamento de Aplicaciones Nucleares, Laboratorio de Radiobiología Celular y Molecular. Nueva Bilbao 12501, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Universidad San Sebastián, Facultad de Ciencias, Lota 2465, Providencia, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Patricio Muñoz
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Laboratorio de Virología,Av. Bernardo O'Higgins 3303, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Jorquera
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Laboratorio de Virología,Av. Bernardo O'Higgins 3303, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alvaro Diaz
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Laboratorio de Virología,Av. Bernardo O'Higgins 3303, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Reinoso
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Laboratorio de Virología,Av. Bernardo O'Higgins 3303, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián González-Catrilelbún
- Comisión Chilena de Energía Nuclear, Departamento de Aplicaciones Nucleares, Laboratorio de Radiobiología Celular y Molecular. Nueva Bilbao 12501, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Laboratorio de Virología,Av. Bernardo O'Higgins 3303, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana María Sandino
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Laboratorio de Virología,Av. Bernardo O'Higgins 3303, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile.
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5
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Duck hepatitis A virus serotype 1 minigenome: a model for studying the viral 3'UTR effect on viral translation. Virus Genes 2015; 51:367-74. [PMID: 26578153 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-015-1255-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To date, the genetic replication and translation mechanisms as well as the pathogenesis of duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1) have not been adequately characterized due to the lack of a reliable and efficient cell culture system. Although the full-length infections clone system is the best platform to manipulate the virus, it is relatively difficult to assemble this system due to the lack of a suitable cell line. It has been proven that the minigenome system an efficient reverse genetics system for the study of RNA viruses. In some cases, it can be used to displace the infectious clone of RNA viruses. Here, we generated a minigenome for DHAV-1 with two luciferase reporter genes, firefly luciferase (Fluc) and Renilla luciferase (Rluc). The Rluc gene was used as a reference gene for the normalization of the Fluc gene expression in transfected cells, which provided a platform for studying the regulatory mechanisms of DHAV-1. Furthermore, to investigate the role of DHAV-3'UTR in the regulation of viral protein translation, deletions in the 3'UTR were introduced into the DHAV-1 minigenome. Luciferase activity, an indicator of virus translation, was then determined. These results showed that a minigenome system for DHAV-1 was successfully constructed for the first time and that the complete or partial deletion of the DHAV-3'UTR did not affect the expression level of the reporter gene, indicating that DHAV-1 translation may not be modulated by the viral genomic 3'UTR sequence.
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6
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Sheng XD, Zhang WP, Zhang QR, Gu CQ, Hu XY, Cheng GF. Apoptosis induction in duck tissues during duck hepatitis A virus type 1 infection. Poult Sci 2014; 93:527-34. [PMID: 24604844 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role of apoptosis in duck viral hepatitis pathogenesis, 4- and 21-d-old ducks were inoculated with duck hepatitis A virus serotype 1 and killed at 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h postinfection. TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling was used to detect apoptosis cells. Expression profiles of apoptosis-related genes including caspase-3, -8, -9, and Bcl-2 in spleen, bursa of Fabricius, liver, and the quantity of virus in blood were examined using real-time PCR. The TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling analysis indicated there was a significant difference of apoptotic cells between treatments and controls. The same difference also appeared in virus amount variation in blood during infection. Gene expression analysis revealed that the apoptosis-related gene expression profile was different in the 2 groups, and also different between various organs. This study suggested that apoptosis may play an important role in duck hepatitis A virus serotype 1 infection, and apoptosis suppression might facilitate virus multiplication, resulting in the highest virus concentration in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- X D Sheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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7
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Genetic characterization of Duck Hepatitis A Viruses isolated in China. Virus Res 2013; 178:211-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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de Breyne S, Soto-Rifo R, López-Lastra M, Ohlmann T. Translation initiation is driven by different mechanisms on the HIV-1 and HIV-2 genomic RNAs. Virus Res 2012; 171:366-81. [PMID: 23079111 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) unspliced full length genomic RNA possesses features of an eukaryotic cellular mRNA as it is capped at its 5' end and polyadenylated at its 3' extremity. This genomic RNA is used both for the production of the viral structural and enzymatic proteins (Gag and Pol, respectively) and as genome for encapsidation in the newly formed viral particle. Although both of these processes are critical for viral replication, they should be controlled in a timely manner for a coherent progression into the viral cycle. Some of this regulation is exerted at the level of translational control and takes place on the viral 5' untranslated region and the beginning of the gag coding region. In this review, we have focused on the different initiation mechanisms (cap- and internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-dependent) that are used by the HIV-1 and HIV-2 genomic RNAs and the cellular and viral factors that can modulate their expression. Interestingly, although HIV-1 and HIV-2 share many similarities in the overall clinical syndrome they produce, in some aspects of their replication cycle, and in the structure of their respective genome, they exhibit some differences in the way that ribosomes are recruited on the gag mRNA to initiate translation and produce the viral proteins; this will be discussed in the light of the literature.
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