Effect of human activated NRAS on replication of delNS1 H5N1 influenza virus in MDCK cells

Oncolytic viruses against cancer, promising or delusion?

Cancer treatment is one of the most challenging topics in medical sciences. Different methods such as chemotherapy, tumor surgery, and immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy (ICIs) are potential approaches to treating cancer and killing tumor cells, but clinical studies have shown that they have been successful for a limited group of patients. Using viruses as a treatment can be considered as an effective treatment in the field of medicine. This is considered as a potential treatment, especially in comparison to chemotherapy, which has severe side effects related to the immune system. Most oncolytic viruses (OVs) have the potential to multiply in cancer cells, which are more than normal cells in malignant tissue and can induce immune responses. Therefore, tons of efforts and research have been started on the utilization of OVs as a treatment for cancer and have shown promising in treating cancers with less side effects. In this article, we have gathered studies about oncolytic viruses and their effectiveness in cancer treatment.Please confirm if the author names are presented accurately and in the correct sequence (given name, middle name/initial, family name). Author 1 Given name: [Omid Salahi] Last name [Ardekani], Author 2 Given name: [Mohammad Mehdi] Last name [Fazeli], Author 3 Given name: [Nillofar Asadi] Last name [Jemezghani]. Also, kindly confirm the details in the metadata are correct.Confirmed.

The association between deaths from infection and mutations of the BRAF, FBXW7, NRAS and XPO1 genes: a report from the LRF CLL4 trial

Causes of death, in particular deaths due to infection, have not been widely studied in randomised trials in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. With long-term follow-up (median 13 years) we examined the cause of death in 600/777 patients in the LRF CLL4 trial. Blood samples, taken at randomisation from 499 patients, were available for identifying gene mutations. Infection was a cause of death in 258 patients (43%). Patients dying of infection were more likely than those who died of other causes to have received ≥2 lines of treatment (194/258 [75%] versus 231/342 [68%], P = 0.04) and to have died in the winter months (149/258 [58%] versus 166/342 [49%], P = 0.03), respectively. In patients with mutation data, the factors significantly associated with death from infection versus all other deaths were 11q deletion (47/162 [29%] versus 40/209 [19%], P = 0.03) and mutations of the BRAF, FBXW7, NRAS and XPO1 genes. Death was caused by an infection in 46/67 assessable patients (69%) who had a mutation of one or more of these four genes versus only 129/333 patients (39%) without any of these mutations (odds ratio: 3.46 [95% CI 1.98-6.07] P < 0.0001). Careful management of infection risk, including prophylaxis against infection, may be important in patients who carry these mutations.

Bioinformatics Analysis of Potential Candidates for Therapy of TDRD7 Deficiency-Induced Congenital Cataract

AIMS

The aim of this study was to identify potential candidates and explore the possible mechanism in congenital cataract induced by tudor domain-containing 7 (TDRD7) deficiency.

METHODS

The gene expression profile GSE25812 generated from 18 samples was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between disease and normal groups were identified. Then, gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs were performed. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and transcription factor (TF) regulatory network were constructed. The modules in the PPI network were identified. Significant target genes were selected from the TF regulatory network.

RESULTS

A total of 329 DEGs were obtained, and downregulated DEGs were significantly enriched in biological processes including defense response and immune response. In the PPI network, high-degree genes of complement component 1, q subcomponent, A/B/C chain (C1QA/C1QB/C1QC), lymphocyte antigen 86 (LY86) and neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog (NRAS) were identified. From the TF regulatory network, the heat shock 27 kDa protein 1 (HSPB1) was the target of the estrogen receptor 1, and LY86 was the target of the v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog.

CONCLUSION

HSPB1, NRAS, immune response, defense response and the related genes LY86, C1QA/C1QB/C1QC may play an important role in the development of congenital cataract induced by TDRD7 deficiency. However, further experiments are still needed.