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Wang Y, Wang B, Zhao Z, Xu J, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Chen Y, Song X, Zheng W, Hou L, Wu S, Chen W. Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 Spike Mutations on T-Cell Epitopes in Mice. Viruses 2023; 15:763. [PMID: 36992472 PMCID: PMC10056712 DOI: 10.3390/v15030763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell immunity plays an important role in the control of SARS-CoV-2 and has a great cross-protective effect on the variants. The Omicron BA.1 variant contains more than 30 mutations in the spike and severely evades humoral immunity. To understand how Omicron BA.1 spike mutations affect cellular immunity, the T-cell epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and Omicron BA.1 spike in BALB/c (H-2d) and C57BL/6 mice (H-2b) were mapped through IFNγ ELISpot and intracellular cytokine staining assays. The epitopes were identified and verified in splenocytes from mice vaccinated with the adenovirus type 5 vector encoding the homologous spike, and the positive peptides involved in spike mutations were tested against wide-type and Omicron BA.1 vaccines. A total of eleven T-cell epitopes of wild-type and Omicron BA.1 spike were identified in BALB/c mice, and nine were identified in C57BL/6 mice, only two of which were CD4+ T-cell epitopes and most of which were CD8+ T-cell epitopes. The A67V and Del 69-70 mutations in Omicron BA.1 spike abolished one epitope in wild-type spike, and the T478K, E484A, Q493R, G496S and H655Y mutations resulted in three new epitopes in Omicron BA.1 spike, while the Y505H mutation did not affect the epitope. These data describe the difference of T-cell epitopes in SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and Omicron BA.1 spike in H-2b and H-2d mice, providing a better understanding of the effects of Omicron BA.1 spike mutations on cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shipo Wu
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (W.C.); Tel.: +86-10-66948692 (S.W.)
| | - Wei Chen
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (W.C.); Tel.: +86-10-66948692 (S.W.)
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2
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Liu Y, Sun B, Wang J, Sun H, Lu Z, Chen L, Lan M, Xu J, Pan J, Shi J, Sun Y, Zhang X, Wang J, Jiang D, Yang K. In silico analyses and experimental validation of the MHC class-I restricted epitopes of Ebolavirus GP. Int Immunol 2022; 34:313-325. [PMID: 35192720 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebolavirus (EBOV) causes an extremely high mortality and prevalence disease called Ebola virus disease (EVD). There is only one glycoprotein (GP) on the virus particle surface, which mediates entry into the host cell. MHC class-I restricted CD8 + T cell responses are important antiviral immune responses. Therefore, it is of great importance to understand EBOV GP-specific MHC class-I restricted epitopes within immunogenicity. In this study, computational approaches were employed to predict the dominant MHC class-I molecule epitopes of EBOV GP for mouse H2 and major alleles of HLA class-I supertypes. Our results yielded 42 dominant epitopes in H2 haplotypes and 301 dominant epitopes in HLA class-I haplotypes. After validation by ELISpot assay, in-depth analyses to ascertain their nature of conservation, immunogenicity, and docking with the corresponding MHC class-I molecules were undertaken. Our study predicted MHC class-I restricted epitopes that may aid the advancement of anti-EBOV immune responses. And the integrated strategy of epitope prediction, validation, and comparative analyses were postulated, promising for epitope-based immunotherapy development and application to viral epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China.,Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Baozeng Sun
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China.,Tangshan Sannvhe Airport, Tangshan, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Longyu Chen
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Mingfu Lan
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jiahao Xu
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Pan
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jingqi Shi
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yuanjie Sun
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiyang Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Dongbo Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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3
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Liu Y, Sun B, Pan J, Feng Y, Ye W, Xu J, Lan M, Sun H, Zhang X, Sun Y, Yang S, Shi J, Zhang F, Cheng L, Jiang D, Yang K. Construction and evaluation of DNA vaccine encoding Ebola virus glycoprotein fused with lysosome-associated membrane protein. Antiviral Res 2021; 193:105141. [PMID: 34274417 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) of the genus Ebolavirus belongs to the family Filoviridae, which cause disease in both humans and non-human primates. Zaire Ebola virus accounts for the highest fatality rate, reaching 90%. Considering that EBOV has a high infection and fatality rate, the development of a highly effective vaccine has become a top public health priority. Glycoprotein (GP) plays a critical role during infection and protective immune responses. Herein, we developed an EBOV GP recombinant DNA vaccine that targets the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II compartment by fusing with lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1). Through lysosome trafficking and antigen presentation transferring, the LAMP1 targeting strategy successfully improved both humoral and cellular EBOV-GP-specific immune responses. After three consecutive immunizations, the serum antibody titers, especially the neutralizing activity of mice immunized with the pVAX-LAMP/GPEBO vaccine were significantly higher than those of the other groups. Antigen-specific T cells showed positive activity against three dominant peptides, EAAVSHLTTLATIST, IGEWAFWETKKNLTR, and ELRTFSILNRKAIDF, with high affinity for MHC class II molecules predicted by IEDB-recommended. Preliminary safety observation denied histological alterations. DNA vaccine candidate pVAX-LAMP/GPEBO shows promise against Ebola epidemic and further evaluation is guaranteed.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- BALB 3T3 Cells
- Ebola Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Ebola Vaccines/adverse effects
- Ebola Vaccines/genetics
- Ebola Vaccines/immunology
- Ebolavirus/genetics
- Ebolavirus/immunology
- Female
- Glycoproteins/genetics
- Glycoproteins/immunology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/immunology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/prevention & control
- Humans
- Lysosomal Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Lysosomal Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Mice
- Neutralization Tests
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/adverse effects
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/adverse effects
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710032, PR China
| | - Baozeng Sun
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710032, PR China
| | - Jingyu Pan
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710032, PR China
| | - Yuancai Feng
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710032, PR China
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Microbiology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710032, PR China
| | - Jiahao Xu
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710032, PR China
| | - Mingfu Lan
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710032, PR China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710032, PR China
| | - Xiyang Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710032, PR China
| | - Yuanjie Sun
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710032, PR China
| | - Shuya Yang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710032, PR China
| | - Jingqi Shi
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710032, PR China
| | - Fanglin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710032, PR China
| | - Linfeng Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710032, PR China
| | - Dongbo Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710032, PR China.
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine School, Air-Force Medical University (the Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, Shaanxi, 86-710032, PR China.
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4
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Jain S, Baranwal M. Conserved immunogenic peptides of Ebola glycoprotein elicit immune response in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Microbiol Immunol 2021; 65:505-511. [PMID: 34343363 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the past 45 years, ebolaviruses have periodically caused epidemics on the African continent. In December 2019, approval of a recombinant vector-based EBOV vaccine, named Ervebo, came as encouraging news; still, there is a long way to go in the development of an accessible, global, and pan-ebolavirus vaccine. The current study expanded our previous in silico work which was conducted on ebolavirus glycoprotein and this resulted in the identification of three potentially immunogenic peptides (P1 - FKRTSFFLWVIILFQRTFSIPL, P2 - LANETTQALQLF, and P3 - RATTELRTFSILNRKAIDF). An analysis to estimate the number of expected human leukocyte antigen (HLA) responders revealed that P1, P2, and P3 can potentially interact with 2540, 2150, and 2802 HLA alleles, respectively. Further, these peptides were subject to in vitro analysis wherein the human peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production by peptide stimulated cells was studied in 10 healthy human blood samples with the help of a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively. P3 presented the best results, a significant (P < 0.05) peptide induced cell proliferation and IFN-γ stimulation for 8 and 10 samples, respectively, followed by P1 (5 and 6) and P2 (5 and 7). The in silico and in vitro results obtained in this study indicate the immunogenic potential of these peptides and warrant exploration of the effects on other cytokines as well as in vivo experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India.,University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Manoj Baranwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
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5
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Powlson J, Wright D, Zeltina A, Giza M, Nielsen M, Rampling T, Venkatrakaman N, Bowden TA, Hill AVS, Ewer KJ. Characterization of Antigenic MHC-Class-I-Restricted T Cell Epitopes in the Glycoprotein of Ebolavirus. Cell Rep 2020; 29:2537-2545.e3. [PMID: 31775024 PMCID: PMC6899439 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebolavirus causes highly lethal hemorrhagic fever in humans. The envelope-displayed viral glycoprotein (GP) is the primary target of humoral immunity induced by natural exposure and vaccination. No T cell epitopes in the GP have been characterized in humans. A phase I clinical trial of a heterologous prime-boost vaccination regime with viral vectors encoding filovirus antigens elicits humoral and T cell responses in vaccinees. The most frequently recognized peptide pools are deconvoluted to identify the minimal epitopes recognized by antigen-specific T cells. We characterize nine immunogenic epitopes on the Ebolavirus GP. Histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing with in silico epitope analysis determines the likely MHC class I restriction elements. Thirteen HLA-A and -B alleles are predicted to present the identified CD8+ T cell epitopes, suggesting promiscuous recognition and a broad immune response. Delivery of the Ebolavirus GP antigen by using a heterologous prime-boost approach is immunogenic in genetically diverse human populations, with responses against multiple epitopes. Vaccination induces high T cell responses to the Ebola virus glycoprotein in humans Eight CD8+ epitopes were defined, recognized through multiple MHC class I alleles Responses match those observed in Ebola survivors and could boost vaccine efficacy
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Powlson
- The Jenner Institute, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Daniel Wright
- The Jenner Institute, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Antra Zeltina
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Mark Giza
- The Jenner Institute, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Morten Nielsen
- Department of Health Technology, The Technical University of Denmark, Anker Engelunds Vej 1 Bygning 101A, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tommy Rampling
- The Jenner Institute, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Navin Venkatrakaman
- The Jenner Institute, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Thomas A Bowden
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Adrian V S Hill
- The Jenner Institute, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Katie J Ewer
- The Jenner Institute, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
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6
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Jain S, Khaiboullina SF, Baranwal M. Immunological Perspective for Ebola Virus Infection and Various Treatment Measures Taken to Fight the Disease. Pathogens 2020; 9:E850. [PMID: 33080902 PMCID: PMC7603231 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9100850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebolaviruses, discovered in 1976, belongs to the Filoviridae family, which also includes Marburg and Lloviu viruses. They are negative-stranded RNA viruses with six known species identified to date. Ebola virus (EBOV) is a member of Zaire ebolavirus species and can cause the Ebola virus disease (EVD), an emerging zoonotic disease that results in homeostatic imbalance and multi-organ failure. There are three EBOV outbreaks documented in the last six years resulting in significant morbidity (> 32,000 cases) and mortality (> 13,500 deaths). The potential factors contributing to the high infectivity of this virus include multiple entry mechanisms, susceptibility of the host cells, employment of multiple immune evasion mechanisms and rapid person-to-person transmission. EBOV infection leads to cytokine storm, disseminated intravascular coagulation, host T cell apoptosis as well as cell mediated and humoral immune response. In this review, a concise recap of cell types targeted by EBOV and EVD symptoms followed by detailed run-through of host innate and adaptive immune responses, virus-driven regulation and their combined effects contributing to the disease pathogenesis has been presented. At last, the vaccine and drug development initiatives as well as challenges related to the management of infection have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India;
| | - Svetlana F. Khaiboullina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia
| | - Manoj Baranwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India;
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7
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Raoufi E, Hemmati M, Eftekhari S, Khaksaran K, Mahmodi Z, Farajollahi MM, Mohsenzadegan M. Epitope Prediction by Novel Immunoinformatics Approach: A State-of-the-art Review. Int J Pept Res Ther 2019; 26:1155-1163. [PMID: 32435171 PMCID: PMC7224030 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09918-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Immunoinformatics is a science that helps to create significant immunological information using bioinformatics softwares and applications. One of the most important applications of immunoinformatics is the prediction of a variety of specific epitopes for B cell recognition and T cell through MHC class I and II molecules. This method reduces costs and time compared to laboratory tests. In this state-of-the-art review, we review about 50 papers to find the latest and most used immunoinformatic tools as well as their applications for predicting the viral, bacterial and tumoral structural and linear epitopes of B and T cells. In the clinic, the main application of prediction of epitopes is for designing peptide-based vaccines. Peptide-based vaccines are a considerably potential alternative to low-cost vaccines that may reduce the risks related to the production of common vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Raoufi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hemmati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samane Eftekhari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamal Khaksaran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Mahmodi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad M. Farajollahi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Monireh Mohsenzadegan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Jain S, Baranwal M. Computational analysis in designing T cell epitopes enriched peptides of Ebola glycoprotein exhibiting strong binding interaction with HLA molecules. J Theor Biol 2019; 465:34-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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9
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Su QD, He SH, Yi Y, Qiu F, Lu XX, Jia ZY, Meng QL, Fan XT, Tian RG, Audet J, Qiu XG, Bi SL. Intranasal vaccination with ebola virus GP amino acids 258-601 protects mice against lethal challenge. Vaccine 2018; 36:6053-6060. [PMID: 30195490 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) disease (EVD) leads to lethal hemorrhagic fever with a case fatality rate as high as 90%, thus posing a serious global public health concern. However, while several vaccines based on the EBOV glycoprotein have been confirmed to be effective in animal experiments, no licensed vaccines or effective treatments have been approved since the first outbreak was reported in 1976. In this study, we prepared the extracellular domain of the EBOV GP protein (designated as N20) by prokaryotic expression and purification via chromatography. Using CTA1-DD (designated as H45) as a mucosal adjuvant, we evaluated the immunogenicity of N20 by intranasal administration and the associated protective efficacy against mouse-adapted EBOV challenge in mice. We found that intranasal vaccination with H45-adjuvanted N20 could stimulate humoral immunity, as supported by GP-specific IgG titers; Th1 cellular immunity, based on IgG subclasses and IFN-γ/IL-4 secreting cells; and mucosal immunity, based on the presence of anti-EBOV IgA in vaginal lavages. We also confirmed that the vaccine could completely protect mice against a lethal mouse-adapted EBOV (MA-EBOV) challenge with few side effects (based on weight loss). In comparison, mice that received N20 or H45 alone succumbed to lethal MA-EBOV challenge. Therefore, mucosal vaccination with H45-adjuvanted N20 represents a potential vaccine candidate for the prevention of EBOV in an effective, safe, and convenient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Dong Su
- National Institute For Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Hua He
- Special Pathogen Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Yao Yi
- National Institute For Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- National Institute For Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Xin Lu
- National Institute For Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Jia
- National Institute For Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Ling Meng
- National Institute For Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Ting Fan
- National Institute For Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Guang Tian
- National Institute For Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jonathan Audet
- Special Pathogen Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Xiang-Guo Qiu
- Special Pathogen Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Depatment of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Sheng-Li Bi
- National Institute For Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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10
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Öhlund P, García-Arriaza J, Zusinaite E, Szurgot I, Männik A, Kraus A, Ustav M, Merits A, Esteban M, Liljeström P, Ljungberg K. DNA-launched RNA replicon vaccines induce potent anti-Ebolavirus immune responses that can be further improved by a recombinant MVA boost. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12459. [PMID: 30127450 PMCID: PMC6102224 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There are currently no licensed therapeutic treatment or preventive vaccines against Ebolavirus disease, and the 2013-2016 West African outbreak of Ebolavirus disease spread rapidly and resulted in almost 30,000 cases and more than 11,000 deaths. However, the devastating outbreak has spurred the development of novel Ebolavirus vaccines. Here, we demonstrate that alphavirus-based DNA-launched self-replicating RNA replicon vaccines (DREP) encoding either the glycoprotein (GP) gene or co-expressing the GP and VP40 genes of Sudan or Zaire Ebolavirus are immunogenic in mice inducing both binding and neutralizing antibodies as well as CD8 T cell responses. In addition, antibodies were cross-reactive against another Ebolavirus, although the specificity was higher for the vaccination antigen. DREP vaccines were more immunogenic than recombinant MVA vaccines expressing the same Ebolavirus antigens. However, a DREP prime followed by an MVA boost immunization regimen improved vaccine immunogenicity as compared to DREP and MVA homologous prime-boost immunizations. Moreover, we show that a bivalent approach targeting both Sudan and Zaire Ebolavirus can be employed without significant loss of immunity. This opens for further investigation of a pan-Ebolavirus or even a pan-filovirus vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pontus Öhlund
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Science and Veterinary Public Health, Virology Unit, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Juan García-Arriaza
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Zusinaite
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Inga Szurgot
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andres Männik
- Icosagen Cell Factory OÜ, Ülenurme vald, Tartumaa, Estonia
| | - Annette Kraus
- Department of Microbiology, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mart Ustav
- Icosagen Cell Factory OÜ, Ülenurme vald, Tartumaa, Estonia
| | - Andres Merits
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mariano Esteban
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter Liljeström
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl Ljungberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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11
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Abstract
Background Ebolavirus (EBOV) is responsible for one of the most fatal diseases encountered by mankind. Cellular T-cell responses have been implicated to be important in providing protection against the virus. Antigenic variation can result in viral escape from immune recognition. Mapping targets of immune responses among the sequence of viral proteins is, thus, an important first step towards understanding the immune responses to viral variants and can aid in the identification of vaccine targets. Herein, we performed a large-scale, proteome-wide mapping and diversity analyses of putative HLA supertype-restricted T-cell epitopes of Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV), the most pathogenic species among the EBOV family. Methods All publicly available ZEBOV sequences (14,098) for each of the nine viral proteins were retrieved, removed of irrelevant and duplicate sequences, and aligned. The overall proteome diversity of the non-redundant sequences was studied by use of Shannon’s entropy. The sequences were predicted, by use of the NetCTLpan server, for HLA-A2, -A3, and -B7 supertype-restricted epitopes, which are relevant to African and other ethnicities and provide for large (~86%) population coverage. The predicted epitopes were mapped to the alignment of each protein for analyses of antigenic sequence diversity and relevance to structure and function. The putative epitopes were validated by comparison with experimentally confirmed epitopes. Results & discussion ZEBOV proteome was generally conserved, with an average entropy of 0.16. The 185 HLA supertype-restricted T-cell epitopes predicted (82 (A2), 37 (A3) and 66 (B7)) mapped to 125 alignment positions and covered ~24% of the proteome length. Many of the epitopes showed a propensity to co-localize at select positions of the alignment. Thirty (30) of the mapped positions were completely conserved and may be attractive for vaccine design. The remaining (95) positions had one or more epitopes, with or without non-epitope variants. A significant number (24) of the putative epitopes matched reported experimentally validated HLA ligands/T-cell epitopes of A2, A3 and/or B7 supertype representative allele restrictions. The epitopes generally corresponded to functional motifs/domains and there was no correlation to localization on the protein 3D structure. These data and the epitope map provide important insights into the interaction between EBOV and the host immune system. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4328-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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12
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Ren S, Wei Q, Cai L, Yang X, Xing C, Tan F, Leavenworth JW, Liang S, Liu W. Alphavirus Replicon DNA Vectors Expressing Ebola GP and VP40 Antigens Induce Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Mice. Front Microbiol 2018; 8:2662. [PMID: 29375526 PMCID: PMC5767729 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) causes severe hemorrhagic fevers in humans, and no approved therapeutics or vaccine is currently available. Glycoprotein (GP) is the major protective antigen of EBOV, and can generate virus-like particles (VLPs) by co-expression with matrix protein (VP40). In this study, we constructed a recombinant Alphavirus Semliki Forest virus (SFV) replicon vector DREP to express EBOV GP and matrix viral protein (VP40). EBOV VLPs were successfully generated and achieved budding from 293 cells after co-transfection with DREP-based GP and VP40 vectors (DREP-GP+DREP-VP40). Vaccination of BALB/c mice with DREP-GP, DREP-VP40, or DREP-GP+DREP-VP40 vectors, followed by immediate electroporation resulted in a mixed IgG subclass production, which recognized EBOV GP and/or VP40 proteins. This vaccination regimen also led to the generation of both Th1 and Th2 cellular immune responses in mice. Notably, vaccination with DREP-GP and DREP-VP40, which produces both GP and VP40 antigens, induced a significantly higher level of anti-GP IgG2a antibody and increased IFN-γ secreting CD8+ T-cell responses relative to vaccination with DREP-GP or DREP-VP40 vector alone. Our study indicates that co-expression of GP and VP40 antigens based on the SFV replicon vector generates EBOV VLPs in vitro, and vaccination with recombinant DREP vectors containing GP and VP40 antigens induces Ebola antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in mice. This novel approach provides a simple and efficient vaccine platform for Ebola disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoufeng Ren
- Department of Human Parasitology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qimei Wei
- Department of Human Parasitology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Pathogen and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liya Cai
- Department of Human Parasitology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Pathogen and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuejing Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cuicui Xing
- Department of Human Parasitology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Feng Tan
- Department of Human Parasitology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Pathogen and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianmei W Leavenworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Shaohui Liang
- Department of Human Parasitology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Pathogen and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenquan Liu
- Department of Human Parasitology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Institute of Pathogen and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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13
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Dash R, Das R, Junaid M, Akash MFC, Islam A, Hosen SZ. In silico-based vaccine design against Ebola virus glycoprotein. Adv Appl Bioinform Chem 2017; 10:11-28. [PMID: 28356762 PMCID: PMC5367765 DOI: 10.2147/aabc.s115859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) is one of the lethal viruses, causing more than 24 epidemic outbreaks to date. Despite having available molecular knowledge of this virus, no definite vaccine or other remedial agents have been developed yet for the management and avoidance of EBOV infections in humans. Disclosing this, the present study described an epitope-based peptide vaccine against EBOV, using a combination of B-cell and T-cell epitope predictions, followed by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation approach. Here, protein sequences of all glycoproteins of EBOV were collected and examined via in silico methods to determine the most immunogenic protein. From the identified antigenic protein, the peptide region ranging from 186 to 220 and the sequence HKEGAFFLY from the positions of 154-162 were considered the most potential B-cell and T-cell epitopes, correspondingly. Moreover, this peptide (HKEGAFFLY) interacted with HLA-A*32:15 with the highest binding energy and stability, and also a good conservancy of 83.85% with maximum population coverage. The results imply that the designed epitopes could manifest vigorous enduring defensive immunity against EBOV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Dash
- Molecular Modeling and Drug Design Laboratory (MMDDL), Pharmacology Research Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Rasel Das
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Md Junaid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Ashekul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Sm Zahid Hosen
- Molecular Modeling and Drug Design Laboratory (MMDDL), Pharmacology Research Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Chittagong, Bangladesh
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14
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Ahmad TA, Eweida AE, El-Sayed LH. T-cell epitope mapping for the design of powerful vaccines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vacrep.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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15
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Yasmin T, Nabi AHMN. B and T Cell Epitope-Based Peptides Predicted from Evolutionarily Conserved and Whole Protein Sequences of Ebola Virus as Vaccine Targets. Scand J Immunol 2016; 83:321-37. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Yasmin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Dhaka; Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh
| | - A. H. M. Nurun Nabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Dhaka; Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh
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16
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Dhanda SK, Chaudhary K, Gupta S, Brahmachari SK, Raghava GPS. A web-based resource for designing therapeutics against Ebola Virus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24782. [PMID: 27113850 PMCID: PMC4845023 DOI: 10.1038/srep24782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we describe a web-based resource, developed for assisting the scientific community in designing an effective therapeutics against the Ebola virus. Firstly, we predicted and identified experimentally validated epitopes in each of the antigens/proteins of the five known ebolaviruses. Secondly, we generated all the possible overlapping 9mer peptides from the proteins of ebolaviruses. Thirdly, conserved peptides across all the five ebolaviruses (four human pathogenic species) with no identical sequence in the human proteome, based on 1000 Genomes project, were identified. Finally, we identified peptide or epitope-based vaccine candidates that could activate both the B- and T-cell arms of the immune system. In addition, we also identified efficacious siRNAs against the mRNA transcriptome (absent in human transcriptome) of all the five ebolaviruses. It was observed that three species can potentially be targeted by a single siRNA (19mer) and 75 siRNAs can potentially target at least two species. A web server, EbolaVCR, has been developed that incorporates all the above information and useful computational tools (http://crdd.osdd.net/oscadd/ebola/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Dhanda
- Bioinformatics Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kumardeep Chaudhary
- Bioinformatics Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sudheer Gupta
- Bioinformatics Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Gajendra P S Raghava
- Bioinformatics Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, India
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17
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Seyed N, Taheri T, Rafati S. Post-Genomics and Vaccine Improvement for Leishmania. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:467. [PMID: 27092123 PMCID: PMC4822237 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease that primarily affects Asia, Africa, South America, and the Mediterranean basin. Despite extensive efforts to develop an effective prophylactic vaccine, no promising vaccine is available yet. However, recent advancements in computational vaccinology on the one hand and genome sequencing approaches on the other have generated new hopes in vaccine development. Computational genome mining for new vaccine candidates is known as reverse vaccinology and is believed to further extend the current list of Leishmania vaccine candidates. Reverse vaccinology can also reduce the intrinsic risks associated with live attenuated vaccines. Individual epitopes arranged in tandem as polytopes are also a possible outcome of reverse genome mining. Here, we will briefly compare reverse vaccinology with conventional vaccinology in respect to Leishmania vaccine, and we will discuss how it influences the aforementioned topics. We will also introduce new in vivo models that will bridge the gap between human and laboratory animal models in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Seyed
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of IranTehran, Iran
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18
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Dikhit MR, Kumar S, Vijaymahantesh, Sahoo BR, Mansuri R, Amit A, Yousuf Ansari M, Sahoo GC, Bimal S, Das P. Computational elucidation of potential antigenic CTL epitopes in Ebola virus. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 36:369-375. [PMID: 26462623 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell-mediated immunity is important for the control of Ebola virus infection. We hypothesized that those HLA A0201 and HLA B40 restricted epitopes derived from Ebola virus proteins, would mount a good antigenic response. Here we employed an immunoinformatics approach to identify specific 9mer amino acid which may be capable of inducing a robust cell-mediated immune response in humans. We identified a set of 28 epitopes that had no homologs in humans. Specifically, the epitopes derived from NP, RdRp, GP and VP40 share population coverage of 93.40%, 84.15%, 74.94% and 77.12%, respectively. Based on the other HLA binding specificity and population coverage, seven novel promiscuous epitopes were identified. These 7 promiscuous epitopes from NP, RdRp and GP were found to have world-wide population coverage of more than 95% indicating their potential significance as useful candidates for vaccine design. Epitope conservancy analysis also suggested that most of the peptides are highly conserved (100%) in other virulent Ebola strain (Mayinga-76, Kikwit-95 and Makona-G3816- 2014) and can therefore be further investigated for their immunological relevance and usefulness as vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas R Dikhit
- Department of Bioinformatics, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institutes of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur 844102, India
| | - Vijaymahantesh
- Department of Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institutes of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur 844102, India; Division of Immunology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India
| | - Bikash R Sahoo
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita 5650871, Japan
| | - Rani Mansuri
- Department of Bioinformatics, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India; Department of Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institutes of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur 844102, India
| | - Ajay Amit
- Division of Immunology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India
| | - Md Yousuf Ansari
- Department of Bioinformatics, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India; Department of Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institutes of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur 844102, India
| | - Ganesh C Sahoo
- Department of Bioinformatics, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India
| | - Sanjiva Bimal
- Division of Immunology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India
| | - Pradeep Das
- Dept. of Molecular Parasitology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India.
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19
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Dutta DK, Rhodes K, Wood SC. In silico prediction of Ebola Zaire GP(1,2) immuno-dominant epitopes for the Balb/c mouse. BMC Immunol 2015; 16:59. [PMID: 26445317 PMCID: PMC4596288 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-015-0126-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ebola is a Filovirus (FV) that induces a highly communicable and deadly hemorrhagic fever. Currently, there are no approved vaccines to treat FV infections. Protection from FV infection requires cell mediated and humoral immunity. Glycoprotein GP1,2 Fc Zaire, a recombinant FV human Fc fusion protein, has been shown to confer protection against mouse adapted Zaire Ebola virus. The present studies are focused upon identifying immunodominant epitopes using in silico methods and developing tetramers as a diagnostic reagent to detect cell mediated immune responses to GP1,2 Fc. Methods The GP1,2 Ebola Zaire sequence from the 1976 outbreak was analyzed by both BIMAS and SYFPEITHI algorithms to identify potential immuno-dominant epitopes. Several peptides were synthesized and screened in flow-based MHC stability studies. Three candidate peptides, P8, P9 and P10, were identified and, following immunization in Balb/c mice, all three peptides induced IFN-γ as detected by ELISpot and intracellular staining. Results Significantly, P8, P9 and P10 generated robust cytotoxic T-cell responses (CTL) as determined by a flow cytometry-based Caspase assay. Antigen specific cells were also detected, using tetramers. Both P9 and P10 have sequence homology with highly conserved regions of several strains of FV. Conclusions In sum, three immunodominant sequences of the Ebola GP1,2 have been identified using in silico methods that may confer protection against mouse adapted Ebola Zaire. The development of tetramer reagents will provide unique insight into the potency and durability of medical countermeasure vaccines for known bioterrorism threat agents in preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debargh K Dutta
- Division of Biology, Chemistry and Materials Science, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA. .,Department of Medicine, USUHS, 4301 Jones Bridge road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
| | - Kelly Rhodes
- Division of Biology, Chemistry and Materials Science, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA. .,University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - Steven C Wood
- Division of Biology, Chemistry and Materials Science, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
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20
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Jun SR, Leuze MR, Nookaew I, Uberbacher EC, Land M, Zhang Q, Wanchai V, Chai J, Nielsen M, Trolle T, Lund O, Buzard GS, Pedersen TD, Wassenaar TM, Ussery DW. Ebolavirus comparative genomics. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2015; 39:764-78. [PMID: 26175035 PMCID: PMC4551310 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuv031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa is the largest documented for this virus. To examine the dynamics of this genome, we compare more than 100 currently available ebolavirus genomes to each other and to other viral genomes. Based on oligomer frequency analysis, the family Filoviridae forms a distinct group from all other sequenced viral genomes. All filovirus genomes sequenced to date encode proteins with similar functions and gene order, although there is considerable divergence in sequences between the three genera Ebolavirus, Cuevavirus and Marburgvirus within the family Filoviridae. Whereas all ebolavirus genomes are quite similar (multiple sequences of the same strain are often identical), variation is most common in the intergenic regions and within specific areas of the genes encoding the glycoprotein (GP), nucleoprotein (NP) and polymerase (L). We predict regions that could contain epitope-binding sites, which might be good vaccine targets. This information, combined with glycosylation sites and experimentally determined epitopes, can identify the most promising regions for the development of therapeutic strategies.This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan).
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Ran Jun
- Comparative Genomics Group, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA Joint Institute for Computational Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Michael R Leuze
- Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Computer Science Research Group, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Intawat Nookaew
- Comparative Genomics Group, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Edward C Uberbacher
- Comparative Genomics Group, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Miriam Land
- Comparative Genomics Group, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Qian Zhang
- Comparative Genomics Group, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Visanu Wanchai
- Comparative Genomics Group, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Juanjuan Chai
- Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Computer Science Research Group, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Morten Nielsen
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, The Technical University of Denmark, Building 208, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, B 1650 HMP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Thomas Trolle
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, The Technical University of Denmark, Building 208, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ole Lund
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, The Technical University of Denmark, Building 208, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Thomas D Pedersen
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, The Technical University of Denmark, Building 208, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark Assays, Cultures and Enzymes Division, Chr. Hansen A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Trudy M Wassenaar
- Molecular Microbiology and Genomics Consultants, Tannenstr 7, D-55576 Zotzenheim, Germany
| | - David W Ussery
- Comparative Genomics Group, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, The Technical University of Denmark, Building 208, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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21
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Intramuscular delivery of adenovirus serotype 5 vector expressing humanized protective antigen induces rapid protection against anthrax that may bypass intranasally originated preexisting adenovirus immunity. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2013; 21:156-64. [PMID: 24307239 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00560-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Developing an effective anthrax vaccine that can induce a rapid and sustained immune response is a priority for the prevention of bioterrorism-associated anthrax infection. Here, we developed a recombinant replication-deficient adenovirus serotype 5-based vaccine expressing the humanized protective antigen (Ad5-PAopt). A single intramuscular injection of Ad5-PAopt resulted in rapid and robust humoral and cellular immune responses in Fisher 344 rats. Animals intramuscularly inoculated with a single dose of 10⁸ infectious units of Ad5-PAopt achieved 100% protection from challenge with 10 times the 50% lethal dose (LD₅₀) of anthrax lethal toxin 7 days after vaccination. Although preexisting intranasally induced immunity to Ad5 slightly weakened the humoral and cellular immune responses to Ad5-PAopt via intramuscular inoculation, 100% protection was achieved 15 days after vaccination in Fisher 344 rats. The protective efficacy conferred by intramuscular vaccination in the presence of preexisting intranasally induced immunity was significantly better than that of intranasal delivery of Ad5-PAopt and intramuscular injection with recombinant PA and aluminum adjuvant without preexisting immunity. As natural Ad5 infection often occurs via the mucosal route, the work here largely illuminates that intramuscular inoculation with Ad5-PAopt can overcome the negative effects of immunity induced by prior adenovirus infection and represents an efficient approach for protecting against emerging anthrax.
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