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Libin KV, Debnath M, Sisodiya S, Rathod SB, Prajapati PB, Lisina KV, Bhuyan R, Evanjelene VK. Bioefficacy, chromatographic profiling and drug-likeness analysis of flavonoids and terpenoids as potential inhibitors of H1N1 influenza viral proteins. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:136125. [PMID: 39357733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Considering medicinal plants, natural products present in these plants are the best sources of medications for combating viral infection. The possible drug target against viral H1N1 influenza proteins lead to identification of selected secondary metabolites from potential plants Tinospora cordifolia, Ocimum sanctum, and Piper nigrum. On analysis of in vitro cell based antiviral activity of the selected plant extracts, an indication for a possible lead compound against neuraminidase activity was evident. Potent ligands were selected using drug docking and ADMET analysis, and the screened lead metabolites were ultimately identified as terpenoid (Columbin) and, flavonoid (Cubebin, and Apigenin). Among the selected ligands, the drug binding activity of Cubebin with all the 6 proteins of H1N1 influenza type A virus, HA (4r8w), NA (4qn7), M2 (3lbw), PA (4wsb), PB1 (2znl) and PB2 (3wil), was pronounced. In addition, physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters linked to absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) have been evaluated and corroborate with our in vitro results. Molecular dynamics modelling indicated Cubebin can be a potential phytochemical in a drug discovery pipeline for the development of neuraminidase inhibitors. Further studies can provide a possibility for an alternative therapy against Influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Libin
- Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith Jaipur, Rajasthan 304802, India
| | - Mousumi Debnath
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India.
| | - Smita Sisodiya
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India
| | - Shravan B Rathod
- Department of Chemistry, Smt. S. M. Panchal Science College, Talod, Gujarat, India
| | - Pravin B Prajapati
- Department of Chemistry, Sheth M. N. Science College, Patan, Gujarat, India
| | - K V Lisina
- Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India
| | - Rajabrata Bhuyan
- Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith Jaipur, Rajasthan 304802, India
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Khodsiani M, Kianmehr Z, Brycki B, Szulc A, Mehrbod P. Evaluation of the antiviral potential of gemini surfactants against influenza virus H1N1. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:184. [PMID: 37039867 PMCID: PMC10088587 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03478-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) affects human health worldwide as a high-risk disease. It can neither be easily controlled by current vaccines and nor be treated by conventional drugs. Gemini surfactants (GS) have shown several properties including antiviral activity. In this study, the antiviral capacity of some GS compounds with different levels of hydrophobicity was examined. The 50% cytotoxic (CC50) and non-cytotoxic (NCTC) concentrations of the compounds were determined by MTT method. The NCTCs, the same as effective concentrations (EC50s), were tested for the antiviral capacity against IAV in different combination treatments for 1 h incubation on MDCK cells. The HA and MTT assays were used to evaluate the virus titer and cell viabilities, respectively. The hemolytic activity of the compounds was also assessed using an HA inhibition assay. To evaluate the apoptotic effect of GS compounds, Annexin V-PI kit was used. The HA titers decreased between 1-6.5 logs, 1-4.5 logs, and 1-5.5 logs in simultaneous, pre- and post-penetration combination treatments, respectively. The cell viability values in all combination treatments were favorable. The HI assay indicated the hemolytic potential of GSs and their physical interaction with viral HA. The apoptosis test results highlighted anti-apoptotic capacity of the GS compounds alone and in the presence of influenza virus especially for the hydrophobic ones. Gemini surfactants were generally more efficacious in simultaneous treatment. Their antiviral potential may be attributed to their physical interaction with viral membrane or HA glycoprotein that disrupts viral particle or blocks viral entry to the cell and inhibits its propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Khodsiani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Kianmehr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bogumil Brycki
- Department of Bioactive Compounds, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Adrianna Szulc
- Department of Bioactive Compounds, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Parvaneh Mehrbod
- Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Mehrbod P, Safari H, Mollai Z, Fotouhi F, Mirfakhraei Y, Entezari H, Goodarzi S, Tofighi Z. Potential antiviral effects of some native Iranian medicinal plants extracts and fractions against influenza A virus. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:246. [PMID: 34598697 PMCID: PMC8485427 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza A virus (IAV) infection is a continual threat to the health of animals and humans globally. Consumption of the conventional drugs has shown several side effects and drug resistance. This study was aimed to screen some Iranian medicinal plants extracts and their fractions against influenza A virus. Methods Glycyrrhiza glabra (rhizome), Myrtus commonis (leaves), Melissa officinalis (leaves), Hypericum perforatum (aerial parts), Tilia platyphyllos (flower), Salix alba (bark), and Camellia sinensis (green and fermented leaves) were extracted with 80% methanol and fractionated with chloroform and methanol, respectively. The cytotoxicity of the compounds were determined by MTT colorimetric assay on MDCK cells. The effective concentrations (EC50) of the compounds were calculated from the MTT results compared to the negative control with no significant effects on cell viability. The effects of EC50 of the compounds on viral surface glycoproteins and viral titer were tested by HI and HA virological assays, respectively and compared with oseltamivir and amantadine. Preliminary phytochemical analysis were done for promising anti-IAV extracts and fractions. Results The most effective samples against IAV titer (P ≤ 0.05) were crude extracts of G. glabra, M. officinalis and S. alba; methanol fractions of M. communis and M. officinalis; and chloroform fractions of M. communis and C. sinensis (fermented) mostly in co- and pre-penetration combined treatments. The potential extracts and fractions were rich in flavonoids, tannins, steroids and triterpenoids. Conclusion The outcomes confirmed a scientific basis for anti-influenza A virus capacity of the extracts and fractions from the selected plants for the first time, and correlated their effects with their phytochemical constituents. It is worth focusing on elucidating pure compounds and identifying their mechanism(s) of action. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-021-03423-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Mehrbod
- Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of IRAN, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Safari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Mollai
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fotouhi
- Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of IRAN, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Mirfakhraei
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Entezari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saied Goodarzi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Tofighi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Aghaei F, Moradi MT, Karimi A. Punicalagin inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by influenza A virus. Eur J Integr Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2021.101324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nanoparticle-Mediated Chaetomium, Unique Multifunctional Bullets: What Do We Need for Real Applications in Agriculture? Fungal Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31612-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Mehrbod P, Abdalla MA, Njoya EM, Ahmed AS, Fotouhi F, Farahmand B, Gado DA, Tabatabaian M, Fasanmi OG, Eloff JN, McGaw LJ, Fasina FO. South African medicinal plant extracts active against influenza A virus. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:112. [PMID: 29587734 PMCID: PMC5872571 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza infection remains a major health threat for animals and humans which crucially requires effective antiviral remedies. The usage of herbal medications as readily available alternatives for their compatibility with the body and fewer side effects compared to synthetic chemical treatments has become popular globally. The aim of this study was to investigate and screen in vitro anti-influenza activity of extracts of five South African medicinal plants, namely Tabernaemontana ventricosa, Cussonia spicata, Rapanea melanophloeos, Pittosporum viridiflorum and Clerodendrum glabrum, species which are used traditionally for the treatment of several diseases such as inflammatory and respiratory diseases. METHODS Methanol, ethanol (100% and 30%), acetone, hot and cold water extracts of the powdered plants leaves were obtained by standard methods. The cytotoxicity was determined by the MTT colorimetric assay on MDCK cells. The concentrations below CC50 values were tested for antiviral activity against influenza A virus (IAV) in different combination treatments. The effect of extracts on viral surface glycoproteins and viral titer were tested by HI and HA virological assays, respectively. RESULTS Based on the applied methods, the most effective results against IAV were obtained from Rapanea melanophloeos methanol leaf extract (EC50 = 113.3 μg/ml) and Pittosporum viridiflorum methanol, 100% and 30% ethanol and acetone leaf extracts (EC50 values = 3.6, 3.4, 19.2, 82.3 μg/ml, respectively) in all types of combined treatments especially in pre- and post-penetration combined treatments with highly significant effects against viral titer (P ≤ 0.01). CONCLUSION The outcomes offer for the first time a scientific basis for the use of extracts of Rapanea melanophloeos and Pittosporum viridiflorum against IAV. It is worth focusing on the isolation and identification of effective active compounds and elucidating the mechanism of action from these species. However, Tabernaemontana ventricosa, Cussonia spicata and Clerodendrum glabrum leaf extracts were ineffective in vitro in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Mehrbod
- 0000 0001 2107 2298grid.49697.35Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- 0000 0000 9562 2611grid.420169.8Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of IRAN, Tehran, Iran
| | - Muna A. Abdalla
- 0000 0001 2107 2298grid.49697.35Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Emmanuel M. Njoya
- 0000 0001 2107 2298grid.49697.35Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Aroke S. Ahmed
- 0000 0001 2107 2298grid.49697.35Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- grid.463291.bFederal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Fatemeh Fotouhi
- 0000 0000 9562 2611grid.420169.8Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of IRAN, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrokh Farahmand
- 0000 0000 9562 2611grid.420169.8Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of IRAN, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dorcas A. Gado
- 0000 0001 2107 2298grid.49697.35Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mansoureh Tabatabaian
- 0000 0000 9562 2611grid.420169.8Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of IRAN, Tehran, Iran
| | - Olubunmi G. Fasanmi
- 0000 0001 2107 2298grid.49697.35Department of Production Animal Studies, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Animal Health, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Jacobus N. Eloff
- 0000 0001 2107 2298grid.49697.35Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Lyndy J. McGaw
- 0000 0001 2107 2298grid.49697.35Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Folorunso O. Fasina
- 0000 0001 2107 2298grid.49697.35Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- ECTAD, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Block P, Level 3, United Nations Complex, UN Avenue, Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya
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Khalili N, Karimi A, Moradi MT, Shirzad H. In vitro immunomodulatory activity of celastrol against influenza A virus infection. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2018; 40:250-255. [DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2018.1440591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Khalili
- Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ali Karimi
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Taghi Moradi
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hedayatollah Shirzad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Sornpet B, Potha T, Tragoolpua Y, Pringproa K. Antiviral activity of five Asian medicinal pant crude extracts against highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2017; 10:871-876. [PMID: 29080615 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the antiviral properties of the five Asian medicinal plants against in vitro infection by the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1). METHODS Crude extracts of Andrographis paniculata, Curcuma longa (C. longa), Gynostemma pentaphyllum, Kaempferia parviflora (K. parviflora), and Psidium guajava obtained by both water and ethanol extractions were investigated for their cytotoxicity in the Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Thereafter, they were investigated in vitro for antiviral activity and cytokine response upon H5N1 virus infection. RESULTS The results revealed that both water and ethanol extracts of all the five studied plants showed significant antiviral activity against H5N1 virus. Among these plants, C. longa and K. parviflora showed strong anti-H5N1 activity. Thus, they were selected for further studies on their cytokine response upon virus infection. It was found that ethanol and water crude extracts of C. longa and K. parviflora induced significant upregulation of TNF-α and IFN-β mRNA expressions, suggesting their roles in the inhibition of H5N1 virus replication. CONCLUSIONS To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is among the earliest reports to illustrate the antiviral property of these Asian medicinal plants against the highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza virus. The results of this study shed light on alternative therapeutic sources for treatment of H5N1 influenza virus infection in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjaporn Sornpet
- Central Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Teerapong Potha
- Central Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Yingmanee Tragoolpua
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kidsadagon Pringproa
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.
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In vitro and in vivo effects of Peganum harmala L. seeds extract against influenza A virus. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2017; 7:519-530. [PMID: 29299435 PMCID: PMC5745536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Influenza A virus infections are still a major health problem and the choices available for the control and treatment of the disease are limited. This research evaluated in vitro and in vivo antiviral effects of Peganum harmala L. seeds (PHS) extract against influenza A virus. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this research, in vitro anti-influenza A virus activity of the extract was assessed in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. In order to evaluate anti-influenza activity of PHS extract in vivo, BALB/c mice were infected with 5LD50 of mouse-adapted influenza virus (H1N1; PR8) and received 200 mg/kg/day of PHS extract or 20 mg/kg/day oseltamivir. Lungs of seven mice per group were removed on day 3 post-infection and lung virus titers were determined by qRT-PCR. Mice survival, body weights and general conditions were observed for up to 14 days post-infection. RESULTS The results demonstrated that, the ethanolic extract of PHS possesses high activity against influenza virus with IC50 value of 15.7 (CI95%:11.7-21) μg/ml in MDCK cells. Our results also showed that, oral administration of PHS extract (200 mg/kg/day) or oseltamivir (20 mg/kg/day) to infected mice, increased the survival rate, reduced body weight loss, and decreased lung virus titer. CONCLUSION Based on our findings, P. harmala seeds extract can inhibit influenza A virus replication in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, isolation and characterization of the plant's active compounds and investigation of the underlying mechanisms of its antiviral action are highly suggested.
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Traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of influenza: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2014; 34:527-31. [PMID: 25417400 DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(15)30057-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To justify the clinical use of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in the treatment of influenza. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledgeln-frastructure Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database, Wanfang Database and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched from the date of inception until January 1, 2013, for the literature on treatment of influenza with TCM. RESULTS A total of 7 randomized controlled trials were identified and reviewed. Of these trials, 2 compared a (modified) prescription of TCM with oseltacmivir and 5 compared a patent traditional Chinese drug with oseltamivir. Based on the Meta-analysis, compared to oseltamivir, the (modified) prescription had similar effect in defervescence [WMD = 5.66, 95% CI (- 32.02, 43.35), P = 0.77] and viral sheddingWMD = - 6.21, 95% CI (- 84.19, 71.76), P = 0.88], and the patent traditional Chinese drug also had similar effect in viral shedding [WMD = - 0.24, 95% CI (- 4.79, 4.31), P = 0.92] but more effective in defervescence [WMD = - 4.65, 95%CI (- 8.91, - 0.38),P = 0.03]. CONCLUSION TCM has potential positive effects in the treatment of influenza.
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Yu X, Wang Y, Zhao W, Zhou H, Yang W, Guan X. Toll-like receptor 7 promotes the apoptosis of THP-1-derived macrophages through the CHOP-dependent pathway. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:886-93. [PMID: 24994112 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage apoptosis is a prominent characteristic of advanced atherosclerotic plaques and leads to plaque destabilization. Certain studies have confirmed that influenza virus A (IVA) infection is related to acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, it remains unknown as to whether this phenomenon is associated with Toll-like receptor (TLR)7, since single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) of IVA is a natural ligand of TLR7. Thus, in the present study, THP-1‑derived macrophages were infected with IVA or treated with imiquimod (IMQ) in the presence or absence of pre-treatment with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). The macrophages were pre-treated with oxLDL (5 µg/ml) for 24 h to mimic high lipid conditions. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-y-1)‑2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Our results revealed that TLR7 played an important role in macrophage apoptosis and cytokine secretion. Both IVA infection and IMQ treatment increased TLR7 expression, as well as the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-6, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1] and apoptosis. However, this increase in cytokine secretion occurred independently of cell apoptosis. oxLDL had potential synergistic pro-apoptotic effects combined with TLR7 activation. To determine whether endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a role in cell apoptosis, the mRNA and protein expression of known markers of ER stress [glucose-regulated protein (GRP)78 and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP)] was detected by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis. Our results revealed that apoptosis aggravated ER stress, as shown by the overexpression of the pro-apoptotic sensor, CHOP. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the converging role of oxLDL pre-treatment, IVA infection and IMQ in ER stress-induced cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Yu
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Wenhui Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Haizhou Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xiuru Guan
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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Mehrbod P, Hair-Bejo M, Tengku Ibrahim TA, Omar AR, El Zowalaty M, Ajdari Z, Ideris A. Simvastatin modulates cellular components in influenza A virus-infected cells. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:61-73. [PMID: 24788303 PMCID: PMC4072341 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus is one of the most important health risks that lead to significant respiratory infections. Continuous antigenic changes and lack of promising vaccines are the reasons for the unsuccessful treatment of influenza. Statins are pleiotropic drugs that have recently served as anti-influenza agents due to their anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, the effect of simvastatin on influenza A-infected cells was investigated. Based on the MTT cytotoxicity test, hemagglutination (HA) assay and qPCR it was found that simvastatin maintained cell viability and decreased the viral load significantly as compared to virus-inoculated cells. The expression of important pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interferon-γ), which was quantified using ELISA showed that simvastatin decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines to an average of 2-fold. Furthermore, the modulation of actin filament polymerization was determined using rhodamine staining. Endocytosis and autophagy processes were examined by detecting Rab and RhoA GTPase protein prenylation and LC3 lipidation using western blotting. The results showed that inhibiting GTPase and LC3 membrane localization using simvastatin inhibits influenza replication. Findings of this study provide evidence that modulation of RhoA, Rabs and LC3 may be the underlying mechanisms for the inhibitory effects of simvastatin as an anti-influenza compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Mehrbod
- Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hair-Bejo
- Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | | | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed El Zowalaty
- Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Zahra Ajdari
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia
| | - Aini Ideris
- Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
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Mehrbod P, Ideris A, Omar AR, Hair-Bejo M. Prophylactic effect of herbal-marine compound (HESA-A) on influenza A virus infectivity. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:131. [PMID: 24708698 PMCID: PMC4234065 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Influenza virus is still a severe respiratory disease affecting human and other species. As conventional drugs are not recommended for long time because of side effects and drug resistance occurrence, traditional medication has been focused as alternative remedy. HESA-A is a natural compound from herbal-marine origin. Previous studies have reported the therapeutic properties of HESA-A on psoriasis vulgaris and different types of cancers and we also showed its anti-inflammatory effects against influenza A infection. Methods This study was designed to investigate the potential properties of HESA-A as prophylaxis or treatment. To investigate the prophylaxis or treatment activities of HESA-A, Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells were exposed to HESA-A and influenza A virus in different manners of exposure and different time intervals. The results were evaluated by MTT and HA assays. Results It was found that HESA-A is much more effective against influenza cytopathic effects when it is applied for prophylaxis and also in concurrent treatment (p ≤ 0.05) but not in post-infection treatment (p ≥ 0.05). Conclusion In conclusion, HESA-A is significantly effective against influenza replication in prophylaxis application affecting the virus penetration/adsorption to the cell without any toxic effect on the cell viability.
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Cheung RCF, Wong JH, Pan WL, Chan YS, Yin CM, Dan XL, Wang HX, Fang EF, Lam SK, Ngai PHK, Xia LX, Liu F, Ye XY, Zhang GQ, Liu QH, Sha O, Lin P, Ki C, Bekhit AA, Bekhit AED, Wan DCC, Ye XJ, Xia J, Ng TB. Antifungal and antiviral products of marine organisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:3475-94. [PMID: 24562325 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5575-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Marine organisms including bacteria, fungi, algae, sponges, echinoderms, mollusks, and cephalochordates produce a variety of products with antifungal activity including bacterial chitinases, lipopeptides, and lactones; fungal (-)-sclerotiorin and peptaibols, purpurides B and C, berkedrimane B and purpuride; algal gambieric acids A and B, phlorotannins; 3,5-dibromo-2-(3,5-dibromo-2-methoxyphenoxy)phenol, spongistatin 1, eurysterols A and B, nortetillapyrone, bromotyrosine alkaloids, bis-indole alkaloid, ageloxime B and (-)-ageloxime D, haliscosamine, hamigeran G, hippolachnin A from sponges; echinoderm triterpene glycosides and alkene sulfates; molluscan kahalalide F and a 1485-Da peptide with a sequence SRSELIVHQR; and cepalochordate chitotriosidase and a 5026.9-Da antifungal peptide. The antiviral compounds from marine organisms include bacterial polysaccharide and furan-2-yl acetate; fungal macrolide, purpurester A, purpurquinone B, isoindolone derivatives, alterporriol Q, tetrahydroaltersolanol C and asperterrestide A, algal diterpenes, xylogalactofucan, alginic acid, glycolipid sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol, sulfated polysaccharide p-KG03, meroditerpenoids, methyl ester derivative of vatomaric acid, lectins, polysaccharides, tannins, cnidarian zoanthoxanthin alkaloids, norditerpenoid and capilloquinol; crustacean antilipopolysaccharide factors, molluscan hemocyanin; echinoderm triterpenoid glycosides; tunicate didemnin B, tamandarins A and B and; tilapia hepcidin 1-5 (TH 1-5), seabream SauMx1, SauMx2, and SauMx3, and orange-spotted grouper β-defensin. Although the mechanisms of antifungal and antiviral activities of only some of the aforementioned compounds have been elucidated, the possibility to use those known to have distinctly different mechanisms, good bioavailability, and minimal toxicity in combination therapy remains to be investigated. It is also worthwhile to test the marine antimicrobials for possible synergism with existing drugs. The prospects of employing them in clinical practice are promising in view of the wealth of these compounds from marine organisms. The compounds may also be used in agriculture and the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy Chi Fai Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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In vitro antiviral activity of circular triple helix forming oligonucleotide RNA towards Feline Infectious Peritonitis virus replication. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:654712. [PMID: 24707494 PMCID: PMC3950953 DOI: 10.1155/2014/654712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) is a severe fatal immune-augmented disease in cat population. It is caused by FIP virus (FIPV), a virulent mutant strain of Feline Enteric Coronavirus (FECV). Current treatments and prophylactics are not effective. The in vitro antiviral properties of five circular Triple-Helix Forming Oligonucleotide (TFO) RNAs (TFO1 to TFO5), which target the different regions of virulent feline coronavirus (FCoV) strain FIPV WSU 79-1146 genome, were tested in FIPV-infected Crandell-Rees Feline Kidney (CRFK) cells. RT-qPCR results showed that the circular TFO RNAs, except TFO2, inhibit FIPV replication, where the viral genome copy numbers decreased significantly by 5-fold log10 from 1014 in the virus-inoculated cells to 109 in the circular TFO RNAs-transfected cells. Furthermore, the binding of the circular TFO RNA with the targeted viral genome segment was also confirmed using electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The strength of binding kinetics between the TFO RNAs and their target regions was demonstrated by NanoITC assay. In conclusion, the circular TFOs have the potential to be further developed as antiviral agents against FIPV infection.
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Insight into alternative approaches for control of avian influenza in poultry, with emphasis on highly pathogenic H5N1. Viruses 2012. [PMID: 23202521 PMCID: PMC3509689 DOI: 10.3390/v4113179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) of subtype H5N1 causes a devastating disease in poultry but when it accidentally infects humans it can cause death. Therefore, decrease the incidence of H5N1 in humans needs to focus on prevention and control of poultry infections. Conventional control strategies in poultry based on surveillance, stamping out, movement restriction and enforcement of biosecurity measures did not prevent the virus spreading, particularly in developing countries. Several challenges limit efficiency of the vaccines to prevent outbreaks of HPAIV H5N1 in endemic countries. Alternative and complementary approaches to reduce the current burden of H5N1 epidemics in poultry should be encouraged. The use of antiviral chemotherapy and natural compounds, avian-cytokines, RNA interference, genetic breeding and/or development of transgenic poultry warrant further evaluation as integrated intervention strategies for control of HPAIV H5N1 in poultry.
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