1
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Samoluk SS, Vaio M, Ortíz AM, Chalup LMI, Robledo G, Bertioli DJ, Seijo G. Comparative repeatome analysis reveals new evidence on genome evolution in wild diploid Arachis (Fabaceae) species. PLANTA 2022; 256:50. [PMID: 35895167 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03961-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Opposing changes in the abundance of satellite DNA and long terminal repeat (LTR) retroelements are the main contributors to the variation in genome size and heterochromatin amount in Arachis diploids. The South American genus Arachis (Fabaceae) comprises 83 species organized in nine taxonomic sections. Among them, section Arachis is characterized by species with a wide genome and karyotype diversity. Such diversity is determined mainly by the amount and composition of repetitive DNA. Here we performed computational analysis on low coverage genome sequencing to infer the dynamics of changes in major repeat families that led to the differentiation of genomes in diploid species (x = 10) of genus Arachis, focusing on section Arachis. Estimated repeat content ranged from 62.50 to 71.68% of the genomes. Species with different genome composition tended to have different landscapes of repeated sequences. Athila family retrotransposons were the most abundant and variable lineage among Arachis repeatomes, with peaks of transpositional activity inferred at different times in the evolution of the species. Satellite DNAs (satDNAs) were less abundant, but differentially represented among species. High rates of evolution of an AT-rich superfamily of satDNAs led to the differential accumulation of heterochromatin in Arachis genomes. The relationship between genome size variation and the repetitive content is complex. However, largest genomes presented a higher accumulation of LTR elements and lower contents of satDNAs. In contrast, species with lowest genome sizes tended to accumulate satDNAs in detriment of LTR elements. Phylogenetic analysis based on repetitive DNA supported the genome arrangement of section Arachis. Altogether, our results provide the most comprehensive picture on the repeatome dynamics that led to the genome differentiation of Arachis species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio S Samoluk
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Corrientes, Argentina.
| | - Magdalena Vaio
- Laboratory of Plant Genome Evolution and Domestication, Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Agronomy, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alejandra M Ortíz
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Laura M I Chalup
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Germán Robledo
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Corrientes, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - David J Bertioli
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Guillermo Seijo
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Corrientes, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina
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2
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Breman FC, Chen G, Snijder RC, Schranz ME, Bakker FT. Repeatome-Based Phylogenetics in Pelargonium Section Ciconium (Sweet) Harvey. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 13:6454096. [PMID: 34893846 PMCID: PMC8684485 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evab269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The repetitive part of the genome (the repeatome) contains a wealth of often overlooked information that can be used to resolve phylogenetic relationships and test evolutionary hypotheses for clades of related plant species such as Pelargonium. We have generated genome skimming data for 18 accessions of Pelargonium section Ciconium and one outgroup. We analyzed repeat abundancy and repeat similarity in order to construct repeat profiles and then used these for phylogenetic analyses. We found that phylogenetic trees based on read similarity were largely congruent with previous work based on morphological and chloroplast sequence data. For example, results agreed in identifying a “Core Ciconium” group which evolved after the split with P. elongatum. We found that this group was characterized by a unique set of repeats, which confirmed currently accepted phylogenetic hypotheses. We also found four species groups within P. sect. Ciconium that reinforce previous plastome-based reconstructions. A second repeat expansion was identified in a subclade which contained species that are considered to have dispersed from Southern Africa into Eastern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. We speculate that the Core Ciconium repeat set correlates with a possible WGD event leading to this branch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floris C Breman
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands
| | - Guangnan Chen
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands
| | | | - M Eric Schranz
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands
| | - Freek T Bakker
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands
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3
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Reconstructing phylogenetic relationships based on repeat sequence similarities. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 147:106766. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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4
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Vitales D, Garcia S, Dodsworth S. Reconstructing phylogenetic relationships based on repeat sequence similarities. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 147:106766. [PMID: 32119996 DOI: 10.1101/624064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A recent phylogenetic method based on genome-wide abundance of different repeat types proved to be useful in reconstructing the evolutionary history of several plant and animal groups. Here, we demonstrate that an alternative information source from the repeatome can also be employed to infer phylogenetic relationships among taxa. Specifically, this novel approach makes use of the repeat sequence similarity matrices obtained from the comparative clustering analyses of RepeatExplorer 2, which are subsequently transformed to between-taxa distance matrices. These pairwise matrices are used to construct neighbour-joining trees for each of the top most-abundant clusters and they are finally summarized in a consensus network. This methodology was tested on three groups of angiosperms and one group of insects, resulting in congruent evolutionary hypotheses compared to more standard systematic analyses based on commonly used DNA markers. We propose that the combined application of these phylogenetic approaches based on repeat abundances and repeat sequence similarities could be helpful to understand mechanisms governing genome and repeatome evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vitales
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Laboratori de Botànica (UB) - Unitat associada al CSIC, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Sònia Garcia
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Steven Dodsworth
- School of Life Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, United Kingdom
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5
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Arroyo M, Bautista R, Larrosa R, Cobo MÁ, Claros MG. Biomarker potential of repetitive-element transcriptome in lung cancer. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8277. [PMID: 31875158 PMCID: PMC6925957 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since repetitive elements (REs) account for nearly 53% of the human genome, profiling its transcription after an oncogenic change might help in the search for new biomarkers. Lung cancer was selected as target since it is the most frequent cause of cancer death. A bioinformatic workflow based on well-established bioinformatic tools (such as RepEnrich, RepBase, SAMTools, edgeR and DESeq2) has been developed to identify differentially expressed RNAs from REs. It was trained and tested with public RNA-seq data from matched sequencing of tumour and healthy lung tissues from the same patient to reveal differential expression within the RE transcriptome. Healthy lung tissues express a specific set of REs whose expression, after an oncogenic process, is strictly and specifically changed. Discrete sets of differentially expressed REs were found for lung adenocarcinoma, for small-cell lung cancer, and for both cancers. Differential expression affects more HERV-than LINE-derived REs and seems biased towards down-regulation in cancer cells. REs behaving consistently in all patients were tested in a different patient cohort to validate the proposed biomarkers. Down-regulation of AluYg6 and LTR18B was confirmed as potential lung cancer biomarkers, while up-regulation of HERVK11D-Int is specific for lung adenocarcinoma and up-regulation of UCON88 is specific for small cell lung cancer. Hence, the study of RE transcriptome might be considered another research target in cancer, making REs a promising source of lung cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Arroyo
- U.G.C. Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rocío Bautista
- Andalusian Platform for Bioinformatics-SCBI, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rafael Larrosa
- Andalusian Platform for Bioinformatics-SCBI, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Department of Computer Architecture, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Ángel Cobo
- Area of Oncology and Rare Diseases (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Gonzalo Claros
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Andalusian Platform for Bioinformatics-SCBI, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Area of Oncology and Rare Diseases (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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6
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Ray DA, Grimshaw JR, Halsey MK, Korstian JM, Osmanski AB, Sullivan KAM, Wolf KA, Reddy H, Foley N, Stevens RD, Knisbacher BA, Levy O, Counterman B, Edelman NB, Mallet J. Simultaneous TE Analysis of 19 Heliconiine Butterflies Yields Novel Insights into Rapid TE-Based Genome Diversification and Multiple SINE Births and Deaths. Genome Biol Evol 2019; 11:2162-2177. [PMID: 31214686 PMCID: PMC6685494 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) play major roles in the evolution of genome structure and function. However, because of their repetitive nature, they are difficult to annotate and discovering the specific roles they may play in a lineage can be a daunting task. Heliconiine butterflies are models for the study of multiple evolutionary processes including phenotype evolution and hybridization. We attempted to determine how TEs may play a role in the diversification of genomes within this clade by performing a detailed examination of TE content and accumulation in 19 species whose genomes were recently sequenced. We found that TE content has diverged substantially and rapidly in the time since several subclades shared a common ancestor with each lineage harboring a unique TE repertoire. Several novel SINE lineages have been established that are restricted to a subset of species. Furthermore, the previously described SINE, Metulj, appears to have gone extinct in two subclades while expanding to significant numbers in others. This diversity in TE content and activity has the potential to impact how heliconiine butterflies continue to evolve and diverge.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Ray
- Department of Biological Science, Texas Tech University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Harsith Reddy
- Department of Biological Science, Texas Tech University
| | - Nicole Foley
- Department of Biological Science, Texas Tech University
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | | | - Binyamin A Knisbacher
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Orr Levy
- Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | | | - James Mallet
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University
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7
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Pirogov SA, Maksimenko OG, Georgiev PG. Transposable Elements in the Evolution of Gene Regulatory Networks. RUSS J GENET+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795419010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Horizontal acquisition of transposable elements and viral sequences: patterns and consequences. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2018; 49:15-24. [PMID: 29505963 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
It is becoming clear that most eukaryotic transposable elements (TEs) owe their evolutionary success in part to horizontal transfer events, which enable them to invade new species. Recent large-scale studies are beginning to unravel the mechanisms and ecological factors underlying this mode of transmission. Viruses are increasingly recognized as vectors in the process but also as a direct source of genetic material horizontally acquired by eukaryotic organisms. Because TEs and endogenous viruses are major catalysts of variation and innovation in genomes, we argue that horizontal inheritance has had a more profound impact in eukaryotic evolution than is commonly appreciated. To support this proposal, we compile a list of examples, including some previously unrecognized, whereby new host functions and phenotypes can be directly attributed to horizontally acquired TE or viral sequences. We predict that the number of examples will rapidly grow in the future as the prevalence of horizontal transfer in the life cycle of TEs becomes even more apparent, firmly establishing this form of non-Mendelian inheritance as a consequential facet of eukaryotic evolution.
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9
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Kojima KK. Human transposable elements in Repbase: genomic footprints from fish to humans. Mob DNA 2018; 9:2. [PMID: 29308093 PMCID: PMC5753468 DOI: 10.1186/s13100-017-0107-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Repbase is a comprehensive database of eukaryotic transposable elements (TEs) and repeat sequences, containing over 1300 human repeat sequences. Recent analyses of these repeat sequences have accumulated evidences for their contribution to human evolution through becoming functional elements, such as protein-coding regions or binding sites of transcriptional regulators. However, resolving the origins of repeat sequences is a challenge, due to their age, divergence, and degradation. Ancient repeats have been continuously classified as TEs by finding similar TEs from other organisms. Here, the most comprehensive picture of human repeat sequences is presented. The human genome contains traces of 10 clades (L1, CR1, L2, Crack, RTE, RTEX, R4, Vingi, Tx1 and Penelope) of non-long terminal repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposons (long interspersed elements, LINEs), 3 types (SINE1/7SL, SINE2/tRNA, and SINE3/5S) of short interspersed elements (SINEs), 1 composite retrotransposon (SVA) family, 5 classes (ERV1, ERV2, ERV3, Gypsy and DIRS) of LTR retrotransposons, and 12 superfamilies (Crypton, Ginger1, Harbinger, hAT, Helitron, Kolobok, Mariner, Merlin, MuDR, P, piggyBac and Transib) of DNA transposons. These TE footprints demonstrate an evolutionary continuum of the human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji K Kojima
- Genetic Information Research Institute, 465 Fairchild Drive, Suite 201, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA.,Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Daxue Rd, East District, Tainan, 701 Taiwan
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10
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Sotero-Caio CG, Platt RN, Suh A, Ray DA. Evolution and Diversity of Transposable Elements in Vertebrate Genomes. Genome Biol Evol 2017; 9:161-177. [PMID: 28158585 PMCID: PMC5381603 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evw264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) are selfish genetic elements that mobilize in genomes via transposition or retrotransposition and often make up large fractions of vertebrate genomes. Here, we review the current understanding of vertebrate TE diversity and evolution in the context of recent advances in genome sequencing and assembly techniques. TEs make up 4-60% of assembled vertebrate genomes, and deeply branching lineages such as ray-finned fishes and amphibians generally exhibit a higher TE diversity than the more recent radiations of birds and mammals. Furthermore, the list of taxa with exceptional TE landscapes is growing. We emphasize that the current bottleneck in genome analyses lies in the proper annotation of TEs and provide examples where superficial analyses led to misleading conclusions about genome evolution. Finally, recent advances in long-read sequencing will soon permit access to TE-rich genomic regions that previously resisted assembly including the gigantic, TE-rich genomes of salamanders and lungfishes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roy N. Platt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - Alexander Suh
- Department of Evolutionary Biology (EBC), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David A. Ray
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
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11
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Evsikov AV, Marín de Evsikova C. Friend or Foe: Epigenetic Regulation of Retrotransposons in Mammalian Oogenesis and Early Development. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 89:487-497. [PMID: 28018140 PMCID: PMC5168827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics is the study of phenotypic variation arising from developmental and environmental factors regulating gene transcription at molecular, cellular, and physiological levels. A naturally occurring biological process driven by epigenetics is the egg-to-embryo developmental transition when two fully differentiated adult cells - egg and sperm - revert to an early stem cell type with totipotency but subsequently differentiates into pluripotent embryonic stem cells that give rise to any cell type. Transposable elements (TEs) are active in mammalian oocytes and early embryos, and this activity, albeit counterintuitive because TEs can lead to genomic instability in somatic cells, correlates to successful development. TEs bridge genetic and epigenetic landscapes because TEs are genetic elements whose silencing and de-repression are regulated by epigenetic mechanisms that are sensitive to environmental factors. Ultimately, transposition events can change size, content, and function of mammalian genomes. Thus, TEs act beyond mutagenic agents reshuffling the genomes, and epigenetic regulation of TEs may act as a proximate mechanism by which evolutionary forces increase a species' hidden reserve of epigenetic and phenotypic variability facilitating the adaptation of genomes to their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei V. Evsikov
- To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Caralina Marín de Evsikova, Alexei V. Evsikov, Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd., MDC07, Tampa, FL 33612, CMdE: ; (813) 974 2248; AVE: ; (813) 974 6922, Fax: 813-974-7357
| | - Caralina Marín de Evsikova
- To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Caralina Marín de Evsikova, Alexei V. Evsikov, Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd., MDC07, Tampa, FL 33612, CMdE: ; (813) 974 2248; AVE: ; (813) 974 6922, Fax: 813-974-7357
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12
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Shapiro JA. Nothing in Evolution Makes Sense Except in the Light of Genomics: Read-Write Genome Evolution as an Active Biological Process. BIOLOGY 2016; 5:E27. [PMID: 27338490 PMCID: PMC4929541 DOI: 10.3390/biology5020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The 21st century genomics-based analysis of evolutionary variation reveals a number of novel features impossible to predict when Dobzhansky and other evolutionary biologists formulated the neo-Darwinian Modern Synthesis in the middle of the last century. These include three distinct realms of cell evolution; symbiogenetic fusions forming eukaryotic cells with multiple genome compartments; horizontal organelle, virus and DNA transfers; functional organization of proteins as systems of interacting domains subject to rapid evolution by exon shuffling and exonization; distributed genome networks integrated by mobile repetitive regulatory signals; and regulation of multicellular development by non-coding lncRNAs containing repetitive sequence components. Rather than single gene traits, all phenotypes involve coordinated activity by multiple interacting cell molecules. Genomes contain abundant and functional repetitive components in addition to the unique coding sequences envisaged in the early days of molecular biology. Combinatorial coding, plus the biochemical abilities cells possess to rearrange DNA molecules, constitute a powerful toolbox for adaptive genome rewriting. That is, cells possess "Read-Write Genomes" they alter by numerous biochemical processes capable of rapidly restructuring cellular DNA molecules. Rather than viewing genome evolution as a series of accidental modifications, we can now study it as a complex biological process of active self-modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Shapiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, GCIS W123B, 979 E. 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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13
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Xiong TL, Xiao JH, Li YX, Bian SN, Huang DW. Diversity and evolution of Ty1-copia retroelements within Chalcidoidea by reverse transcriptase domain analysis. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 24:503-516. [PMID: 26079156 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ty1-copia retrotransposons are widespread and diverse in insects. Some features of their hosts, such as mating and genetic systems, are predicted to influence the spread of selfish genetic elements like Ty1-copia. Using part of the reverse transcriptase gene as a reference, we experimentally surveyed Ty1-copia elements in eight species of fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), and performed an in silico analysis of six available genomes of chalcid wasps. Contrary to initial expectations that selfish elements such as Ty1-copia would be purged from the genomes of these species because of inbreeding and haplodiploidy, almost all of these wasps harbour an abundance of diverse Ty1-copia elements. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the families of Ty1-copia elements found in these species have had a long association with their chalcid hosts. These results suggest an evolutionary scenario in which there was ancestral polymorphism followed by some taxa-specific events including stochastic loss and further diversification. Furthermore, estimating natural selection within the internal and terminal portions of the Ty1-copia phylogenies demonstrated that the elements are under strong evolutionary constraints for their long-term survival, but evolve like pseudogenes in the short term, accompanied by the rise and fall of parasitic elements in the history of wasp lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-L Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - J-H Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Y-X Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - S-N Bian
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - D-W Huang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
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14
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Modolo L, Picard F, Lerat E. A new genome-wide method to track horizontally transferred sequences: application to Drosophila. Genome Biol Evol 2015; 6:416-32. [PMID: 24497602 PMCID: PMC3942030 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evu026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of methodological breakthroughs and the availability of an increasing amount of whole-genome sequence data, horizontal transfers (HTs) in eukaryotes have received much attention recently. Contrary to similar analyses in prokaryotes, most studies in eukaryotes usually investigate particular sequences corresponding to transposable elements (TEs), neglecting the other components of the genome. We present a new methodological framework for the genome-wide detection of all putative horizontally transferred sequences between two species that requires no prior knowledge of the transferred sequences. This method provides a broader picture of HTs in eukaryotes by fully exploiting complete-genome sequence data. In contrast to previous genome-wide approaches, we used a well-defined statistical framework to control for the number of false positives in the results, and we propose two new validation procedures to control for confounding factors. The first validation procedure relies on a comparative analysis with other species of the phylogeny to validate HTs for the nonrepeated sequences detected, whereas the second one built upon the study of the dynamics of the detected TEs. We applied our method to two closely related Drosophila species, Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans, in which we discovered 10 new HTs in addition to all the HTs previously detected in different studies, which underscores our method’s high sensitivity and specificity. Our results favor the hypothesis of multiple independent HTs of TEs while unraveling a small portion of the network of HTs in the Drosophila phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Modolo
- Université de Lyon, France, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, VIlleurbanne, France
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15
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Dodsworth S, Chase MW, Kelly LJ, Leitch IJ, Macas J, Novák P, Piednoël M, Weiss-Schneeweiss H, Leitch AR. Genomic repeat abundances contain phylogenetic signal. Syst Biol 2015; 64:112-26. [PMID: 25261464 PMCID: PMC4265144 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syu080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A large proportion of genomic information, particularly repetitive elements, is usually ignored when researchers are using next-generation sequencing. Here we demonstrate the usefulness of this repetitive fraction in phylogenetic analyses, utilizing comparative graph-based clustering of next-generation sequence reads, which results in abundance estimates of different classes of genomic repeats. Phylogenetic trees are then inferred based on the genome-wide abundance of different repeat types treated as continuously varying characters; such repeats are scattered across chromosomes and in angiosperms can constitute a majority of nuclear genomic DNA. In six diverse examples, five angiosperms and one insect, this method provides generally well-supported relationships at interspecific and intergeneric levels that agree with results from more standard phylogenetic analyses of commonly used markers. We propose that this methodology may prove especially useful in groups where there is little genetic differentiation in standard phylogenetic markers. At the same time as providing data for phylogenetic inference, this method additionally yields a wealth of data for comparative studies of genome evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Dodsworth
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK; School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia; Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre ASCR, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, CZ-37005, Czech Republic; Systematic Botany and Mycology, University of Munich (LMU), Menzinger Straße 67, 80638 München, Germany; and Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK; School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia; Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre ASCR, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, CZ-37005, Czech Republic; Systematic Botany and Mycology, University of Munich (LMU), Menzinger Straße 67, 80638 München, Germany; and Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark W Chase
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK; School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia; Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre ASCR, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, CZ-37005, Czech Republic; Systematic Botany and Mycology, University of Munich (LMU), Menzinger Straße 67, 80638 München, Germany; and Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK; School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia; Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre ASCR, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, CZ-37005, Czech Republic; Systematic Botany and Mycology, University of Munich (LMU), Menzinger Straße 67, 80638 München, Germany; and Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura J Kelly
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK; School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia; Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre ASCR, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, CZ-37005, Czech Republic; Systematic Botany and Mycology, University of Munich (LMU), Menzinger Straße 67, 80638 München, Germany; and Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK; School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia; Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre ASCR, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, CZ-37005, Czech Republic; Systematic Botany and Mycology, University of Munich (LMU), Menzinger Straße 67, 80638 München, Germany; and Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilia J Leitch
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK; School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia; Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre ASCR, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, CZ-37005, Czech Republic; Systematic Botany and Mycology, University of Munich (LMU), Menzinger Straße 67, 80638 München, Germany; and Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jiří Macas
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK; School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia; Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre ASCR, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, CZ-37005, Czech Republic; Systematic Botany and Mycology, University of Munich (LMU), Menzinger Straße 67, 80638 München, Germany; and Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Petr Novák
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK; School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia; Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre ASCR, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, CZ-37005, Czech Republic; Systematic Botany and Mycology, University of Munich (LMU), Menzinger Straße 67, 80638 München, Germany; and Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathieu Piednoël
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK; School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia; Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre ASCR, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, CZ-37005, Czech Republic; Systematic Botany and Mycology, University of Munich (LMU), Menzinger Straße 67, 80638 München, Germany; and Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hanna Weiss-Schneeweiss
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK; School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia; Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre ASCR, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, CZ-37005, Czech Republic; Systematic Botany and Mycology, University of Munich (LMU), Menzinger Straße 67, 80638 München, Germany; and Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrew R Leitch
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK; Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK; School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia; Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre ASCR, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, CZ-37005, Czech Republic; Systematic Botany and Mycology, University of Munich (LMU), Menzinger Straße 67, 80638 München, Germany; and Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
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Large Numbers of Novel miRNAs Originate from DNA Transposons and Are Coincident with a Large Species Radiation in Bats. Mol Biol Evol 2014; 31:1536-45. [DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msu112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Shapiro JA. How life changes itself: the Read-Write (RW) genome. Phys Life Rev 2013; 10:287-323. [PMID: 23876611 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The genome has traditionally been treated as a Read-Only Memory (ROM) subject to change by copying errors and accidents. In this review, I propose that we need to change that perspective and understand the genome as an intricately formatted Read-Write (RW) data storage system constantly subject to cellular modifications and inscriptions. Cells operate under changing conditions and are continually modifying themselves by genome inscriptions. These inscriptions occur over three distinct time-scales (cell reproduction, multicellular development and evolutionary change) and involve a variety of different processes at each time scale (forming nucleoprotein complexes, epigenetic formatting and changes in DNA sequence structure). Research dating back to the 1930s has shown that genetic change is the result of cell-mediated processes, not simply accidents or damage to the DNA. This cell-active view of genome change applies to all scales of DNA sequence variation, from point mutations to large-scale genome rearrangements and whole genome duplications (WGDs). This conceptual change to active cell inscriptions controlling RW genome functions has profound implications for all areas of the life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Shapiro
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, GCIS W123B, 979 E. 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/james-a-shapiro
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18
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Koonin EV. Elaborate security TRAINing to fight against expression of genomic junk. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:553-4. [PMID: 23370394 DOI: 10.4161/cc.23717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A new study shows that the expression of two classes of repetitive elements in the mouse genome is controlled through two complementary mechanisms: DNA methylation and p53-mediated transcription suppression.¹ When both lines of defense fail, expression of the repeats yields large quantities of double-stranded RNA, triggering interferon response that leads to caspase-dependent cell death. These notable findings highlight two fundamental trends: tight coupling of defense and cell death mechanisms that appears to be universal in cellular life and the exploitation of the expression of "junk" DNA as a signal triggering "altruistic" cell suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene V Koonin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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