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Bezzina F, Zielińska A, Cassar V. Re-visiting the six-item Stanford presenteeism scale (SPS-6) and its psychometric properties. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1251357. [PMID: 37842712 PMCID: PMC10568462 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1251357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Presenteeism has often been considered as the correlate of absenteeism and associated to productivity loss. This study sought to re-examine the psychometric properties of the 6-item Stanford Presenteeism Scale (SPS-6), a popular measure which has been translated in a number of languages. The study adopted a cross-sectional design with 268 participants aged 18 - 65 working in a multinational IT company with headquarters based in Poland. The respondents participated willingly in an online questionnaire on a presenteeism health-related productivity measure (SPS-6), job resources (peer support), job demands (work-to-family conflict), engagement and burnout. Their responses were subjected to statistical analyses. Confirmatory Factor Analysis revealed that the SPS-6 is better represented by two singular and independent components, namely completing work and avoiding distractions, rather than an aggregated measure of health-related productivity. In fact, the aggregated measure had convergent and discriminant validity issues. We also assessed, via Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the explanatory role of the SPS-6 within the wider well-being discourse by subjecting its' factors as outcomes using the JD-R framework. Here, burnout was better at explaining its relationship to avoiding distractions and completing work compared to engagement, while avoiding distractions was more dominant than completing work in explaining indirect pathways. Given the convergent and discriminant validity of its two-dimensional measures, we argue that the SPS-6 is a better assessment of health-related productivity in the light of presenteeism when keeping both components separate rather than adding the scores from both dimensions to provide a global score as has been the practice so far. In addition, the SEM findings suggest that both SPS-6 components may require different theoretical explanations. This study supports a growing chorus of scholars who argue the need to look deeper into the presenteeism phenomenon, not least its measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Bezzina
- Department of Business and Enterprise Management, Faculty of Economics, Management and Accountancy, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Agnieszka Zielińska
- Department of Management, University of Bielsko-Biala, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Vincent Cassar
- Department of Business and Enterprise Management, Faculty of Economics, Management and Accountancy, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
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Wainwright E, Wainwright D, Coghill N, Walsh J, Perry R. Resilience and return-to-work pain interventions: systematic review. Occup Med (Lond) 2020; 69:163-176. [PMID: 30895325 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqz012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resilience is a developing concept in relation to pain, but has not yet been reviewed in return-to-work (RTW) contexts. AIMS To explore the role of resilience enhancement in promoting work participation for chronic pain sufferers, by reviewing the effectiveness of existing interventions. METHODS Resilience was operationalized as: self-efficacy, active coping, positive affect, positive growth, positive reinforcement, optimism, purpose in life and acceptance. Five databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) whose interventions included an element of resilience designed to help RTW/staying at work for chronic pain sufferers. Study appraisal comprised the Cochrane risk of bias (RoB) tool and additional quality assessment. Findings were synthesized narratively and between-group differences of outcomes were reported. Heterogeneous PICO (population, intervention, comparator, outcome) elements precluded meta-analysis. RESULTS Thirty-four papers from 24 RCTs were included. Interventions varied; most were multidisciplinary, combining behavioural, physical and psychological pain management and vocational rehabilitation. Four found RTW/staying at work improved with intensive multidisciplinary interventions compared with less intensive, or no, treatment. Of these, one had low RoB; three scored poorly on allocation concealment and selective outcome reporting. Four trials had mixed results, e.g. interventions enabling reduced sick leave for people on short-term not long-term leave; 16 showed no improvement. Five trials reported resilience outcomes were improved by interventions but these were not always trials in which RTW improved. CONCLUSIONS Effectiveness of resilience interventions for chronic pain sufferers on RTW is uncertain and not as helpful as anticipated. Further agreement on its conceptualization and terminology and that of RTW is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wainwright
- Department of Psychology, Bath Spa University, Bath, UK
| | - D Wainwright
- Department of Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - N Coghill
- Department of Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - J Walsh
- Department of Psychology, Bath Spa University, Bath, UK
| | - R Perry
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre - Nutrition Theme, Level 3 University Hospitals Bristol Education Centre, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, UK
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Fassier JB, Sarnin P, Rouat S, Péron J, Kok G, Letrilliart L, Lamort-Bouché M. Interventions Developed with the Intervention Mapping Protocol in Work Disability Prevention: A Systematic Review of the Literature. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2019; 29:11-24. [PMID: 29948471 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-018-9776-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Purposes Intervention mapping (IM) is a protocol for developing effective behavior change interventions. It has been used for 10 years to develop work disability prevention (WDP) interventions, but it is not known to what extent and with what success. The main objective of this study was to review the effectiveness of these interventions. Secondary objectives were to review their fidelity to the IM protocol, their theoretical frameworks and their content. Methods A search strategy was conducted in MEDLINE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Pascal, Francis, and BDSP. All titles and abstracts were reviewed. A standardized extraction form was developed. All included studies were reviewed by two reviewers blinded to each other. Results Eight WDP interventions were identified aimed at return to work (RTW; n = 6) and self-management at work (n = 2). RTW interventions targeted workers with stress-related mental disorders (n = 1), low back pain (n = 1), musculoskeletal disorders (n = 1), cancer (n = 2) and gynecological surgery (n = 1). The fidelity to the IM protocol was weaker for the participatory planning group. Matrices of change, change methods, and applications were systematically reported. The main theoretical frameworks used were the attitude-social influence-self efficacy model (n = 4) and the theory of planned behavior (n = 2). Half of the interventions included a workplace component (n = 4). Two interventions were reported as effective, and one partially effective. Conclusion The IM protocol is used in WDP since 2007. The participative dimension appears underused. Few theoretical frameworks were used. Implications are to better consider the stakeholders involvement, and mobilize theoretical frameworks with greater attempts to intervene on the work environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Fassier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Unité mixte de recherche Epidémiologique et de Surveillance Transport Travail Environnement, UMRESTTE UMR T 9405, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008, Lyon, France.
- Hospices civils de Lyon, service de médecine et santé au travail, Lyon, France.
| | - P Sarnin
- Univ Lyon, Université Lumière Lyon 2, GREPS - EA 4163 (Groupe de recherche en psychologie sociale), Lyon, France
| | - S Rouat
- Univ Lyon, Université Lumière Lyon 2, GREPS - EA 4163 (Groupe de recherche en psychologie sociale), Lyon, France
| | - J Péron
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive LBBE - UMR 5558, Lyon, France
- Service d'oncologie médicale. Institut de Cancérologie des Hospices Civils de Lyon (IC-HCL), Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - G Kok
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - L Letrilliart
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Health Services and Performance Research, HESPER Université Lyon 2, Lyon, France
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Collège Universitaire de médecine générale, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - M Lamort-Bouché
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Unité mixte de recherche Epidémiologique et de Surveillance Transport Travail Environnement, UMRESTTE UMR T 9405, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008, Lyon, France
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Collège Universitaire de médecine générale, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008, Lyon, France
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Kennedy CA, Beaton DE. A user's survey of the clinical application and content validity of the DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand) outcome measure. J Hand Ther 2017; 30:30-40.e2. [PMID: 27469538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Survey. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY To elicit feedback on the clinical use and content validity of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) outcome measure from frontline users of the instrument. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was administered to registered DASH users and inquired about how the DASH was being used and to identify the informational value of items of the DASH (content validity). RESULTS About 172 completed the survey. One or both of the DASH and/or QuickDASH were consistently (89.5%) being used. About 90% were using it in adults (21-65 years), and at least 70% were using it across the entire extremity, and to a lesser extent, 10% reported using it in isolated neck injuries. Most respondents (66.9%-75.8%) were using the DASH in musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders, with some applying it for other more unique or non-MSK conditions (2.5%-16.6%). All but 1 of the 30 DASH items had at least 10% endorsement as being informative, and 4 items were identified as being problematic by greater than 20%. CONCLUSIONS The DASH is being used as intended (whole extremity and MSK conditions), and in addition, it is being used in different body regions and diverse conditions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Not applicable (descriptive survey).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol A Kennedy
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Mobility Program, Musculoskeletal Health & Outcomes Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Dorcas E Beaton
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Mobility Program, Musculoskeletal Health & Outcomes Research, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Hutting N, Detaille SI, Heerkens YF, Engels JA, Staal JB, Nijhuis-van der Sanden MWG. Experiences of Participants in a Self-Management Program for Employees with Complaints of the Arm, Neck or Shoulder (CANS): A Mixed Methods Study. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2017; 27:35-48. [PMID: 26875155 PMCID: PMC5306216 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-016-9630-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the experiences of participants of a self-management program for employees with complaints of the arm, neck or shoulder (CANS). The program consisted of six group sessions combined with an eHealth module. Methods Semi-structured interviews with the first 31 consecutive participants of the intervention group participating in a randomized controlled trial. Participants were interviewed after their last group session. Semi-structured interviews were guided by an interview guide and audio-recorded. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis and the emerging themes were discussed. All participants in the intervention group were asked about their experiences with a questionnaire at three (n = 58) and 12-months (n = 53) follow-up. Results Most participants appreciated the diversity of the program and benefited from the interaction with their peers. The eHealth module, although not used by everyone, was generally experienced as positive, especially the section with the physical exercises. Participants obtained more insight into their complaints and increased awareness, which contributed to the acceptance of and coping with the complaints. There was also criticism about the content of the program and the lack of a follow-up session. Results of the questionnaires showed that participants had a high level of satisfaction. Conclusions In general, the intervention fitted the needs of employees with CANS. Participants obtained more knowledge and insight into their complaints, as well as increased awareness; all this contributed to a behavioral change and improved coping. Many participants made changes at work and during their leisure time, whereas some felt that continuing their 'changed' behavior would be a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Hutting
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, IQ Healthcare, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Research Group Occupation and Health, Faculty of Health and Social Studies, HAN University of Applied Sciences, PO Box 6960, 6503 GL, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sarah I Detaille
- Research Group Occupation and Health, Faculty of Health and Social Studies, HAN University of Applied Sciences, PO Box 6960, 6503 GL, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- HAN Seneca, Expertise Centre for Sports, Work and Health, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne F Heerkens
- Research Group Occupation and Health, Faculty of Health and Social Studies, HAN University of Applied Sciences, PO Box 6960, 6503 GL, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Josephine A Engels
- Research Group Occupation and Health, Faculty of Health and Social Studies, HAN University of Applied Sciences, PO Box 6960, 6503 GL, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Bart Staal
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, IQ Healthcare, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Research Group Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Social Studies, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Hutting N, Detaille SI, Engels JA, Heerkens YF, Staal JB, Nijhuis-van der Sanden MW. Development of a self-management program for employees with complaints of the arm, neck, and/or shoulder: an intervention mapping approach. J Multidiscip Healthc 2015; 8:307-20. [PMID: 26170689 PMCID: PMC4492641 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s82809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To develop a self-management program with an additional eHealth module, using the six steps of the intervention mapping (IM) protocol, to help employees with complaints of the arm, neck, and/or shoulder (CANS) cope with their problems. Methods In Step 1 of the IM protocol, a needs assessment was performed consisting of a review of the Dutch multidisciplinary guidelines on CANS, and of focus group sessions with employees with CANS (n=15) and with relevant experts (n=17). After the needs assessment, the objectives of the intervention and the determinants of self-management at work were formulated (Step 2). Furthermore, theory-based intervention methods and practical strategies were selected (Step 3), and an intervention program (including the eHealth module) was developed (Step 4). Finally, plans for implementation and evaluation of the program were developed (Steps 5 and 6). Results Step 1 of the IM protocol revealed that employees with CANS should be stimulated to search for information about the cause of their complaints, about how to deal with their complaints, and in which manner they can influence their complaints themselves. In Step 2, the overall goal of the intervention was defined as “self-management behavior at work” with the aim to alleviate the perceived disability of the participants. Step 3 described how the intervention methods were translated into practical strategies, and goal setting was introduced as an important method for increasing self-efficacy. The product of Step 4 was the final program plan, consisting of 6-weekly group sessions of 2.5 hours each and an eHealth module. In Step 5, a recruitment plan and course materials were developed, a steering committee was set up, trainers were recruited, and the final program was tested. In Step 6, an evaluation plan was developed, which consists of a randomized controlled trial with a 12-month follow-up period and a qualitative evaluation (interviews) with some of the participants. Conclusion This study resulted in a theory- and practice-based self-management program, based on behavioral change theories, guideline-related evidence, and practice-based knowledge that fits the needs of employees with CANS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Hutting
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, the Scientific Institute for Quality of Healthcare, Nijmegen, the Netherlands ; Hogeschool van Arnhem en Nijmegen (HAN) University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Studies, Research Group Occupation and Health, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah I Detaille
- Hogeschool van Arnhem en Nijmegen (HAN) University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Studies, Research Group Occupation and Health, Nijmegen, the Netherlands ; HAN University of Applied Sciences, Department HAN Seneca, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Josephine A Engels
- Hogeschool van Arnhem en Nijmegen (HAN) University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Studies, Research Group Occupation and Health, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne F Heerkens
- Hogeschool van Arnhem en Nijmegen (HAN) University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Studies, Research Group Occupation and Health, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - J Bart Staal
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, the Scientific Institute for Quality of Healthcare, Nijmegen, the Netherlands ; HAN University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Studies, Research Group Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Wg Nijhuis-van der Sanden
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, the Scientific Institute for Quality of Healthcare, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Escorpizo R. Defining the principles of musculoskeletal disability and rehabilitation. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2014; 28:367-75. [PMID: 25481421 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Disability is strongly associated with musculoskeletal conditions such as arthritis, low back pain and other soft tissue and joint disorders. The burden of these conditions may become exponentially high in the absence of rehabilitation. To understand disability, the ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health) provides the framework to disentangle the different domains that comprise disability. Disability in ICF term is defined as an impairment of the body functions and body structure and limited activity and restricted participation and can be influenced by environmental and personal factors. The ICF can provide the domains of disability pertinent to individuals with musculoskeletal conditions by using ICF Core Sets. Musculoskeletal-related disability is amenable to rehabilitation and there is evidence to suggest the effectiveness of multidisciplinary forms of rehabilitation programs. Community-based programs as an extension of rehabilitation also have evidence to improve clinical and quality of life outcomes in people with musculoskeletal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben Escorpizo
- Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States; ICF Unit, Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland.
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