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Sheikhzadeh F, Khajehnasiri N, Khalaj-Kondori M, Ramouz A, Sadeghian R. Wnt1 gene expression in the heart left ventricle as a response to the various durations of the intensive exercise: An experimental study. Endocr Regul 2024; 58:168-173. [PMID: 39121475 DOI: 10.2478/enr-2024-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective. Myocardial fibrosis is a devastating condition causing millions of deaths yearly. Several factors, such as aging, cause myocardial fibrosis. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is one of the critical intracellular signaling for the development of cardiac fibrosis. Molecular and cellular mechanism of myocardial fibrosis induced by intensive exercise is not well-understood. The current study evaluates the effects of short- and long-term intensive exercise on the Wnt1 gene expression in a heart left ventricle in an animal model. Methods. Twenty-one male Wistar rats (mean weight 250±50 g) were divided into three groups (n=7): 1) control group (C); 2) short-term regular intensive exercise group (S-RIE, high-intensity exercise for one month six days weekly for 60 min with speed of 35 m/min), and 3) long-term regular intensive exercise group (L-RIE, high-intensity exercise for six months six days daily for 60 min with speed of 35 m/min). The heart left ventricle was isolated at the end of the experiment, and the relative gene expression of the Wnt1 gene was measured by the Real-Time PCR. Results. The L-RIE group showed a significant increase in the Wnt1 expression compared to the S-RIE and the control group. Although no difference was observed in the Wnt1 mRNA level in the S-RIE group compared to the control group, Wnt1 mRNA level increased in the L-RIE group compared to the S-RIE group. Conclusion. The exercise duration was of a great importance in the Wnt1 gene expression. Regular intensive exercise may be involved in the formation of the myocardial fibrosis by increasing the expression of the Wnt1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzam Sheikhzadeh
- 1Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazli Khajehnasiri
- 2Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khalaj-Kondori
- 1Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Ramouz
- 3General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery Department, Universitat, Klinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Reihaneh Sadeghian
- 4Clinical Research Development Unit, Shahid Bahonar Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Nascimento FA, Tseng ZH, Palmiere C, Maleszewski JJ, Shiomi T, McCrillis A, Devinsky O. Pulmonary and cardiac pathology in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Epilepsy Behav 2017. [PMID: 28633090 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review studies on structural pulmonary and cardiac changes in SUDEP cases as well as studies showing pulmonary or cardiac structural changes in living epilepsy patients. METHODS We conducted electronic literature searches using the PubMed database for articles published in English, regardless of publication year, that included data on cardiac and/or pulmonary structural abnormalities in SUDEP cases or in living epilepsy patients during the postictal period. RESULTS Fourteen postmortem studies reported pulmonary findings in SUDEP cases. Two focused mainly on assessing lung weights in SUDEP cases versus controls; no group difference was found. The other 12 reported descriptive autopsy findings. Among all SUDEP cases with available descriptive postmortem pulmonary examination, 72% had pulmonary changes, most often pulmonary edema/congestion, and, less frequently, intraalveolar hemorrhage. Eleven studies reported on cardiac pathology in SUDEP. Cardiac abnormalities were found in approximately one-fourth of cases. The most common findings were myocyte hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis of various degrees. Among living epilepsy patients, postictal pulmonary pathology was the most commonly reported pulmonary abnormality and the most common postictal cardiac abnormality was transient left ventricular dysfunction - Takotsubo or neurogenic stunned myocardium. SIGNIFICANCE Cardiac and pulmonary pathological abnormalities are frequent among SUDEP cases, most commonly pulmonary edema/congestion and focal interstitial myocardial fibrosis. Most findings are not quantified, with subjective elements and undefined interobserver reliability, and lack of controls such as matched epilepsy patients who died from other causes. Further, studies have not systematically evaluated potential confounding factors, including postmortem interval to autopsy, paramedic resuscitation and IV fluids administration, underlying heart/lung disease, and risk factors for cardiac or pulmonary disease. Prospective studies with controls are needed to define the heart and lung changes in SUDEP and understand their potential relationship to mechanisms of death in SUDEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio A Nascimento
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Zian H Tseng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
| | | | | | - Takayuki Shiomi
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Aileen McCrillis
- NYU Health Sciences Library, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Department of Neurology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
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van de Schoor FR, Aengevaeren VL, Hopman MTE, Oxborough DL, George KP, Thompson PD, Eijsvogels TMH. Myocardial Fibrosis in Athletes. Mayo Clin Proc 2016; 91:1617-1631. [PMID: 27720455 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis (MF) is a common phenomenon in the late stages of diverse cardiac diseases and is a predictive factor for sudden cardiac death. Myocardial fibrosis detected by magnetic resonance imaging has also been reported in athletes. Regular exercise improves cardiovascular health, but there may be a limit of benefit in the exercise dose-response relationship. Intense exercise training could induce pathologic cardiac remodeling, ultimately leading to MF, but the clinical implications of MF in athletes are unknown. For this comprehensive review, we performed a systematic search of the PubMed and MEDLINE databases up to June 2016. Key Medical Subject Headings terms and keywords pertaining to MF and exercise (training) were included. Articles were included if they represented primary MF data in athletes. We identified 65 athletes with MF from 19 case studies/series and 14 athletic population studies. Myocardial fibrosis in athletes was predominantly identified in the intraventricular septum and where the right ventricle joins the septum. Although the underlying mechanisms are unknown, we summarize the evidence for genetic predisposition, silent myocarditis, pulmonary artery pressure overload, and prolonged exercise-induced repetitive micro-injury as contributors to the development of MF in athletes. We also discuss the clinical implications and potential treatment strategies of MF in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freek R van de Schoor
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent L Aengevaeren
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria T E Hopman
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David L Oxborough
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Keith P George
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Thijs M H Eijsvogels
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK; Division of Cardiology, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT.
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Souii A, Gharbi J, Ben M'hadheb-Gharbi M. Impaired binding of standard initiation factors eIF3b, eIF4G and eIF4B to domain V of the live-attenuated coxsackievirus B3 Sabin3-like IRES--alternatives for 5'UTR-related cardiovirulence mechanisms. Diagn Pathol 2013; 8:161. [PMID: 24063684 PMCID: PMC3853319 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Internal ribosome entry site (IRES) elements fold into highly organized conserved secondary and probably tertiary structures that guide the ribosome to an internal site of the RNA at the IRES 3′end. The composition of the cellular proteome is under the control of multiple processes, one of the most important being translation initiation. In each poliovirus Sabin vaccine strain, a single point mutation in the IRES secondary-structure domain V is a major determinant of neurovirulence and translation attenuation. Here we are extrapolating poliovirus findings to a genomic related virus named coxsackievirus B3 CVB3); a causative agent of viral myocarditis. We have previously reported that Sabin3-like mutation (U473 → C) introduced in the domain V sequence of the CVB3 IRES led to a defective mutant with a serious reduction in translation efficiency and ribosomal initiation complex assembly, besides an impaired RNA-protein binding pattern. With the aim to identify proteins interacting with both CVB3 wild-type and Sabin3-like domain V RNAs and to assess the effect of the Sabin3-like mutation on these potential interactions, we have used a proteomic approach. This procedure allowed the identification of three RNA-binding proteins interacting with the domain V: eIF4G (p220), eIF3b (p116) and eIF4B (p80). Moreover, we report that this single-nucleotide exchange impairs the interaction pattern and the binding affinity of these standard translation initiation factors within the IRES domain V of the mutant strain. Taken together, these data indicate how this decisive Sabin3-like mutation mediates viral translation attenuation; playing a key role in the understanding of the cardiovirulence attenuation within this construct. Hence, these data provide further evidence for the crucial role of RNA structure for the IRES activity, and reinforce the idea of a distribution of function between the different IRES structural domains. Virtual slide The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/6160165131045880.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Souii
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74, Monastir 5000, Tunisia.
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Noichri Y, Chalghoum A, Chkioua L, Baudin B, Ernez S, Ferchichi S, Miled A. Low erythrocyte catalase enzyme activity is correlated with high serum total homocysteine levels in Tunisian patients with acute myocardial infarction. Diagn Pathol 2013; 8:68. [PMID: 23631751 PMCID: PMC3651277 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidant systems has been suggested to be implicated in the physiopathology of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We aimed to evaluate the antioxidant capacity in Tunisian patients and to assess the possible relationship between erythrocyte catalase enzyme activity and hyperhomocysteinaemia. Methods 108 patients with AMI and 81 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Catalase erythrocyte enzyme activity was determined spectrophotometrically whereas “total antioxidant status” (TAS) concentration was measured by a commercially available method. Serum total homocysteine (tHcy) level was determined by a fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA). Lipid peroxidation was measured with a fluorimetric method as “thiobarbituric acid reactive substances” (TBARS). Results Compared with healthy subjects, patients with AMI had significantly lower catalase activity (P<0.001), TAS concentrations (P<0.001), and significantly higher serum tHcy (P<0.001) and TBARS levels (P<0.001). Erythrocyte catalase enzyme activity was negatively correlated with serum tHcy and TBARS while serum tHcy and TBARS were in positive correlation. Furthermore, the unbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants seems to be more aggravated in patients with Q wave AMI compared to patients with non-Q wave AMI. Conclusion Our results suggest the involvement of hyperhomocysteinaemia in the drop of erythrocyte catalase activity related to myocardial ischemia reperfusion. Hyperhomocysteinaemia may increase the myocardial wall dysfunction under ischemia reperfusion by excessive production of reactive oxygen species which is made evident by increased lipid peroxidation. Virtual slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1623509866881834
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosri Noichri
- Biochemistry Laboratory CHU Farhat HACHED, Street Doctor Moreau, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia.
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Kotani H, Miyao M, Manabe S, Ishida T, Kawai C, Abiru H, Tamaki K. Relationship of red splenic arteriolar hyaline with rapid death: a clinicopathological study of 82 autopsy cases. Diagn Pathol 2012; 7:182. [PMID: 23276152 PMCID: PMC3542261 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-7-182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about the relationship between splenic arteriolar hyaline and cause of death. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinicopathological significance of splenic arteriolar hyaline in autopsy cases and estimate the applicability of hyaline for diagnosing the cause and rapidity of death. Methods Archival data and histological slides from 82 cases were reviewed retrospectively. One section of each spleen was evaluated microscopically. The tinctorial pattern of splenic arteriolar hyaline was examined with Heidenhain’s Azan trichrome stain, and the relationships between this pattern and age, cause of death, and rapidity of death were investigated. Results Fifty-four cases demonstrated hyaline change, with 3 different tinctorial patterns: red, blue, and a combination of red and blue. The 3 patterns coexisted in various proportions in each tissue section. Frequency of the blue pattern increased with age (P < 0.01) and was unrelated to cause of death. By contrast, the red pattern was unrelated to age and appeared with different frequency according to cause of death. The red pattern appeared with significantly higher frequency in the circulatory disease group and the drowning and asphyxia group (both P < 0.01). Moreover, the presence of the red pattern had high specificity for the detection of rapidly fatal cases. The combination of the 2 colors was excluded from clinicopathological analyses due to its admixed nature. Conclusions Estimation of splenic arteriolar hyaline with Heidenhain’s Azan trichrome stain is useful for assessment of the cause and rapidity of death. Virtual slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1132441651796836
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Kotani
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Molecular Pathology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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Cornelissen VA, Fagard RH, Lijnen PJ. Serum collagen-derived peptides are unaffected by physical training in older sedentary subjects. J Sci Med Sport 2010; 13:424-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Revised: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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