1
|
Zhang Z, Luo R, Kelly WK, Chen J, Donahue S, Ip K, Handley NR, Tester WJ, Tsang ML, Kim FJ, Myers R, Lu-Yao G, Gu J, Lin J, Li B, Wang C, Yang H. Prostein expression on circulating tumor cells as a prognostic marker in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2024; 27:339-347. [PMID: 38057610 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-023-00762-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of emerging molecular biomarkers on circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represents an attractive feature of liquid biopsy that facilitates precision and tailored medicine in the management of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Prostein is an androgen-regulated transmembrane protein with high prostate specificity. Prostein-positive circulating tumor cell (CTC) was recently suggested to have diagnostic potential; however, no study has been conducted to evaluate its prognostic value in mCRPC. METHODS CTCs from mCRPC patients were enumerated using the CellSearch System. Prostein-positive CTCs were identified by immunostaining results. The relationships between prostein expression on CTCs and PSA response rate, PSA progression-free survival (PSA-PFS), radiographic progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were tested by Fisher's exact test or evaluated using Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox analyses. RESULTS Prostein-positive CTCs were identified in 31 of 87 baseline samples from mCRPC patients and 16 of 51 samples collected at the first follow-up visit. PSA response rates were significantly lower in baseline prostein-positive patients (0%, 0/31) than in prostein-negative patients (19.6%, 11/56) (p = 0.007). The 31 prostein-positive patients had significantly shorter PSA-PFS (p < 0.001), radiographic PFS (p < 0.001), and OS (p = 0.018), compared to the 56 prostein-negative patients at baseline. The association with PSA-PFS maintained its significance (p = 0.028) in multivariate analyses. Analyzing prostein expression at the first follow-up as well as the conversion of prostein expression from baseline to follow-up samples not only confirmed the association with PSA-PFS, but also demonstrated prognostic significance with OS. CONCLUSION Our study provides the first evidence to support the potential of prostein expression on CTCs to serve as a novel prognostic marker in mCRPC patients. Future large-scale prospective studies are needed to validate our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchao Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Rui Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - William K Kelly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Joshua Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Shane Donahue
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Kevan Ip
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Nathan R Handley
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - William J Tester
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Miranda L Tsang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Felix J Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Ronald Myers
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Grace Lu-Yao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Jian Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jianqing Lin
- Department of Medicine, GW Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Bingshan Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
| | - Hushan Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Viehweger F, Böcker C, Weidemann S, Freytag M, Menz A, Büscheck F, Luebke AM, Putri D, Kluth M, Hube-Magg C, Hinsch A, Lennartz M, Lutz F, Reiswich V, Höflmayer D, Fraune C, Möller K, Bernreuther C, Lebok P, Sauter G, Steurer S, Dum D, Marx AH, Simon R, Krech T, Clauditz TS, Jacobsen F, Gorbokon N, Burandt E, Minner S, Kind S. Prostein expression in human tumors: a tissue microarray study on 19,202 tumors from 152 different Tumor entities. Diagn Pathol 2024; 19:12. [PMID: 38218896 PMCID: PMC10788021 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-023-01434-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostein (P501S), also termed solute carrier family 45 member 3 (SLC45A3) is an androgen regulated protein which is preferentially expressed in prostate epithelial cells. Because of its frequent expression in prostate cancer, prostein was suggested a diagnostic prostate cancer marker. METHODS In order to comprehensively assess the diagnostic utility of prostein immunohistochemistry, a tissue microarray containing 19,202 samples from 152 different tumor types and subtypes as well as 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Prostein immunostaining was typically cytoplasmic, granular and perinuclear. Prostein positivity was seen in 96.7% of 419 prostate cancers including 78.3% with strong staining. In 16,709 extra-prostatic tumors, prostein positivity was observed in 7.2% of all cases but only 0.3% had a strong staining. Overall, 50 different extra-prostatic tumor categories were prostein positive, 12 of which included at least one strongly positive case. Extra-prostatic tumors with highest rates of prostein positivity included different subtypes of salivary gland tumors (7.6-44.4%), neuroendocrine neoplasms (15.8-44.4%), adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract (7.3-14.8%), biliopancreatic adenocarcinomas (3.6-38.7%), hepatocellular carcinomas (8.1%), and adenocarcinomas of other organs (up to 21%). CONCLUSIONS Our data provide a comprehensive overview on prostein expression in human cancers. Prostein is a highly sensitive prostate cancer marker occurring in > 96% of prostate cancers. Because prostein can also be expressed in various other tumor entities, classifying of a tumor mass as a prostate cancer should not be based on prostein positivity alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Viehweger
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carola Böcker
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sören Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Morton Freytag
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Menz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas M Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Devita Putri
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Hinsch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Lennartz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Lutz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viktor Reiswich
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Möller
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Am Finkenhuegel 1, Osnabrueck, 49076, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Dum
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Marx
- Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, Jakob-Henle-Straße 1, Fuerth, 90766, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Am Finkenhuegel 1, Osnabrueck, 49076, Germany
| | - Till S Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Gorbokon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon Kind
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Naik M, Rao BV, Challa S, Fonseca D, Sudha SM, Giridhar A, Sharma R, Raju KVVN, Rao TS. Utility of GATA-3 and associated immunohistochemical markers in the differential diagnosis of poorly differentiated urothelial carcinoma. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:S0. [PMID: 37147963 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1039_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Aims The aims are to study the utility of GATA-3 along with panel of immunohistochemical (IHC) markers in the differential diagnosis of primary and metastatic poorly differentiated urothelial carcinoma (UC). Settings and Design This is a prospective and retrospective observational study. Subjects and Methods Poorly differentiated carcinomas of urinary tract and metastatic sites from January 2016 to December 2017 were subjected to a panel of four IHC markers including GATA-3, p63, Cytokeratin (CK) 7, and CK20. Additional markers such as p16, an enzyme called alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase, CDX2, and thyroid transcription factor 1 were also done depending on the morphology and site. Statistical Analysis Used The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of GATA-3 in making the diagnosis of UC were calculated. Results Forty-five cases were included in the study and after appropriate IHC, the diagnosis was resolved as UC in 24 cases. GATA-3 was positive in 83.33% of UC; all the four markers positive in 33.33% and all negative in 4.17% of UC. However, at least one of the four markers was present in 95.83% of UC, except in sarcomatoid UC. GATA-3 had 100% specificity in differentiating from prostate adenocarcinoma. Conclusion GATA-3 is a useful marker in the diagnosis of UC in the primary and metastatic sites with a sensitivity of 83.33%. GATA-3 along with other IHC markers in correlation with clinical and imageological features is necessary for making specific diagnosis of poorly differentiated carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meenatai Naik
- Departments of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - B Vishal Rao
- Departments of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sundaram Challa
- Departments of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Daphne Fonseca
- Departments of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - S Murthy Sudha
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ashwin Giridhar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rakesh Sharma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - K V V N Raju
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - T Subramanyeshwar Rao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xiong Z, Zhang W, Liu S, Liu K, Wang J, Qin P, Liu Y, Jiang Q. The combination of CD138/MUM1 dual-staining and artificial intelligence for plasma cell counting in the diagnosis of chronic endometritis. Am J Reprod Immunol 2023; 89:e13671. [PMID: 36544330 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the utility of combination of CD138/MUM1 dual-staining (DS) and artificial intelligence (AI) for plasma cell (PC) counting in the diagnosis of chronic endometritis (CE). METHODS Two hundred ninety-eight infertile women underwent endometrial biopsy were included. In 100 women, three successive sections were cut from each paraffin-embedded tissue block for CD138 immunohistochemical (IHC) single-staining (SS), MUM1 SS and CD138/MUM1 DS. The prevalence of CE and the sensitivity/specificity in the diagnosis of CE with different methods was studied. These sections diagnosed as CE with DS were collected to train artificial intelligence (AI) diagnostic system. In other 198 women, their tissue sections stained with CD138/MUM1 DS were used to test the AI system in the diagnosis of CE. RESULTS CD138/MUM1 DS revealed that the cell membranes and nuclei of PCs were simultaneously labelled by CD138 and MUM1, respectively. The positive rate of ECs identified by CD138/MUM1 DS (38%, 38/100) was lower than CD138 SS (52%, 52/100) and MUM1 SS (62%, 62/100) (p < .05). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of CD138/MUM1 DS in the diagnosis of ECs reached 100%. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy rates of AI diagnostic system of ECs were 100%, 83.3% and 91.4%, respectively. The 17 cases over-diagnosed as EC with the AI were corrected quickly by pathologists reviewing these false PC pictures listed by the AI. CONCLUSION The combination of CD138/MUM1 DS and AI is a promising method to improve the accuracy and efficiency of CE diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtang Xiong
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoyan Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Cells Vision (Guangzhou) Medical Technology Inc., Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Cells Vision (Guangzhou) Medical Technology Inc., Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Qin
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ahn B, Jung JK, Jung H, Ryu YM, Kim YW, Song TJ, Park DH, Hwang DW, Cho H, Kim SY, Hong SM. Double Ki-67 and synaptophysin labeling in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor biopsies. Pancreatology 2022; 22:427-434. [PMID: 35292233 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) are frequently detected on endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNAB) specimens. The conventional methods for evaluating the Ki-67 labeling index (Ki67LI) in EUS-FNAB specimens are laborious, and their results are difficult to interpret. More practical and easy methods for evaluating the Ki67LI in PanNETs from EUS-FNAB specimens is increasing in need. METHODS We used double Ki-67 and synaptophysin (double Ki-Syn) antibody cocktail; Ki67LI, total Ki-67 positive cells, and total tumor cells were counted and compared with those detected on conventional single Ki-67 immunostaining (single Ki-67) of 96 PanNETs [Grade 1 (G1), 68 cases (71%); G2, 26 (27%); G3, 2 (2%)] from EUS-FNAB specimens. RESULTS The tumor grading between double Ki-Syn and single Ki-67 immunolabeling was highly concordant (correlation, 0.95; Fisher's exact test, P < 0.001). Seven EUS-FNAB specimens (7%) had discrepant results, of which 2 were removed through surgical resection and showed the same tumor grade as that detected on double Ki-Syn immunolabeling. Fifty-four specimens (56%) had higher Ki-67 positive tumor cell counts on single Ki-67 immunolabeling. Sixty-two specimens (65%) had higher total tumor cell counts on double Ki-Syn immunolabeling. The number of specimens with less than 500 total counted tumor cells were significantly reduced when double Ki-Syn immunolabeling was applied [P = 0.046; single Ki-67, 17 specimens (18%); double Ki-Syn, 9 specimens (9%)]. CONCLUSION Double Ki-Syn immunolabeling enables the accurate counting of the number of proliferating tumor cells without including inflammatory and contaminant epithelial cells compared with single Ki-67 immunolabeling in PanNETs from EUS-FNAB specimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bokyung Ahn
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kying Jung
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - HaeSung Jung
- Department of Statistics, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Mi Ryu
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Wook Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Jun Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyun Park
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Wook Hwang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - HyungJun Cho
- Department of Statistics, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yeob Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Mo Hong
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
de Brot S, Lothion-Roy J, Grau-Roma L, White E, Guscetti F, Rubin MA, Mongan NP. Histological and immunohistochemical investigation of canine prostate carcinoma with identification of common intraductal carcinoma component. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 20:38-49. [PMID: 33963663 PMCID: PMC9292867 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A limited number of species, including men and dogs, spontaneously develop prostate cancer (PC). The histological and molecular relevance of canine PC as a model for the disease in men remains controversial. To address this challenge, this study aimed to assess the histomorphology and expression of basal cell, urothelial and neuroendocrine markers [p63, high molecular weight cytokeratin (HMWCK), Uroplakin 3 (UPIII), neuron‐specific enolase (NSE)] in canine PC (n = 41). Based on histomorphology, 10/41 (24%), 21/41 (51%) and 9/41 (22%) were classified as adenocarcinoma (AC), urothelial carcinoma (UC), and mixed carcinoma, respectively. Tumour inflammation was common, frequently severe [20/41 (49%)], and associated with neutering (p < .02) and urothelial differentiation (p < .02). Most (36/40, 90%) cancers contained only rare cells with basal cell marker expression or were negative. The expression of UPIII was absent or weak in the majority (33/38, 87%) of tumours, with moderate to strong staining in the remaining cases. NSE expression in PC was rare and limited to 2/14 (14%) cases. Tumour extension into benign ducts and glands was a common finding with presence in 17/39 (44%) of carcinomas with and without urothelial differentiation. In conclusion, we confirm that canine PC is characterized by absent or weak expression of basal cell and urothelial markers. Although rare, NSE expression, potentially indicating neuroendocrine differentiation, is reported for the first time in canine PCa. Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate with concurrent invasive PCa (IDCP‐inv) is a frequent, not previously described, finding in dogs with PC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone de Brot
- COMPATH, Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jennifer Lothion-Roy
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,BioDiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Llorenç Grau-Roma
- COMPATH, Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Emily White
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Franco Guscetti
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark A Rubin
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Bern Center for Precision Medicine, University of Bern and Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- BioDiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Garudadri G, Rao BV, Sundaram C, Fonseca D, Murthy SS, Sharma R, Rao TS. Diagnostic utility of immunohistochemical marker prostein for evaluation of primary and metastatic prostatic carcinomas. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2020; 63:S18-S24. [PMID: 32108621 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_852_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Context The diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma on histopathology depends on architectural and cytomorphological features supported by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Though all the prostate markers show excellent specificity, the sensitivity and percentage positivity vary. Aims In this study, we aim to study the expression of prostein in normal, benign, and malignant (primary and metastatic) lesions with particular emphasis on its utility in the differential diagnosis of poorly differentiated and metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma along with a standard panel of IHC markers. Settings and Design This was both a prospective and retrospective as well as descriptive and observational study. Subjects and Methods All samples from patients with clinically suspected carcinoma prostate from both primary and metastatic sites from June 2015 to May 2016 were included in the study. Samples with difficulty in diagnosis on hematoxylin and eosin staining were subjected to a panel of IHC markers along with prostein. Statistical Analysis Used Receiver operating curve analysis and Chi-square test. Results Prostein showed a 100% sensitivity and specificity to identify normal prostatic epithelium, benign and premalignant lesions, and prostatic adenocarcinoma. Prostein showed a specificity of 100% in differentiating prostatic carcinoma from poorly differentiated urothelial carcinoma and in differentiating metastatic prostatic carcinoma from adenocarcinoma of nonprostatic origin. Conclusions Prostein is a new and promising prostate-specific marker that showed slightly more sensitivity and specificity than prostate-specific antigen. Thus, adding prostein to the IHC panel will greatly improve the detection of poorly differentiated primary and metastatic lesions of the prostate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gowri Garudadri
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - B Vishal Rao
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Challa Sundaram
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Daphne Fonseca
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - S Sudha Murthy
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rakesh Sharma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - T Subramanyeshwar Rao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
van der Toom EE, Axelrod HD, de la Rosette JJ, de Reijke TM, Pienta KJ, Valkenburg KC. Prostate-specific markers to identify rare prostate cancer cells in liquid biopsies. Nat Rev Urol 2019; 16:7-22. [PMID: 30479377 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-018-0119-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite improvements in early detection and advances in treatment, patients with prostate cancer continue to die from their disease. Minimal residual disease after primary definitive treatment can lead to relapse and distant metastases, and increasing evidence suggests that circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and bone marrow-derived disseminated tumour cells (BM-DTCs) can offer clinically relevant biological insights into prostate cancer dissemination and metastasis. Using epithelial markers to accurately detect CTCs and BM-DTCs is associated with difficulties, and prostate-specific markers are needed for the detection of these cells using rare cell assays. Putative prostate-specific markers have been identified, and an optimized strategy for staining rare cancer cells from liquid biopsies using these markers is required. The ideal prostate-specific marker will be expressed on every CTC or BM-DTC throughout disease progression (giving high sensitivity) and will not be expressed on non-prostate-cancer cells in the sample (giving high specificity). Some markers might not be specific enough to the prostate to be used as individual markers of prostate cancer cells, whereas others could be truly prostate-specific and would make ideal markers for use in rare cell assays. The goal of future studies is to use sensitive and specific prostate markers to consistently and reliably identify rare cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Haley D Axelrod
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Kenneth J Pienta
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sanguedolce F, Russo D, Mancini V, Selvaggio O, Calò B, Carrieri G, Cormio L. Morphological and Immunohistochemical Biomarkers in Distinguishing Prostate Carcinoma and Urothelial Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Surg Pathol 2018; 27:120-133. [DOI: 10.1177/1066896918814198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The differential diagnosis between high-grade prostate carcinoma and infiltrating urothelial carcinoma (UC) in transurethral resection prostate specimens as well as cystoprostatectomy specimens may often be challenging due to morphologic and clinical overlap of the 2 entities. Such distinction has critical therapeutic and staging consequences, yet it is hampered by both issues in morphology and by the low accuracy rates of single immunohistochemical markers, as reported in literature. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the available morphological and immunohistochemical parameters, which may allow to discriminate between prostate carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma in the proper clinical context and to discuss their diagnostic applications in daily practice.
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry may be a very useful adjunct to morphologic diagnosis in many areas of surgical pathology, including genitourinary pathology. In this review, we address common diagnostic dilemmas where immunophenotypic analysis may be utilized and we highlight pitfalls specific to each scenario. For prostate, we review the diagnosis of limited prostatic adenocarcinoma and the distinction of high-grade prostatic adenocarcinoma from urothelial carcinoma. We also cover markers of urothelial lineage in the diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma of unknown primary site. In the kidney, distinction of poorly differentiated renal cell carcinoma from urothelial carcinoma and epithelioid angiomyolipoma, adjuncts to the recognition of hereditary renal neoplasia, and the diagnosis of metastatic renal cell carcinoma are discussed. Finally, for testis we address distinction of germ cell tumors from sex cord-stromal tumors, as well as the diagnosis of metastatic germ cell tumors.
Collapse
|
11
|
Kristiansen I, Stephan C, Jung K, Dietel M, Rieger A, Tolkach Y, Kristiansen G. Sensitivity of HOXB13 as a Diagnostic Immunohistochemical Marker of Prostatic Origin in Prostate Cancer Metastases: Comparison to PSA, Prostein, Androgen Receptor, ERG, NKX3.1, PSAP, and PSMA. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061151. [PMID: 28555048 PMCID: PMC5485975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Determining the origin of metastases is an important task of pathologists to allow for the initiation of a tumor-specific therapy. Recently, homeobox protein Hox-B13 (HOXB13) has been suggested as a new marker for the detection of prostatic origin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic sensitivity of HOXB13 in comparison to commonly used immunohistochemical markers for prostate cancer. Materials and methods: Histologically confirmed prostate cancer lymph node metastases from 64 cases were used to test the diagnostic value of immunohistochemical markers: prostate specific antigen (PSA), Prostatic acid phosphatase (PSAP), prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), homeobox gene NKX3.1, prostein, androgen receptor (AR), HOXB13, and ETS-related gene (ERG). All markers were evaluated semi-quantitatively using Remmele’s immune reactive score. Results: The detection rate of prostate origin of metastasis for single markers was 100% for NKX3.1, 98.1% for AR, 84.3% for PSMA, 80.8% for PSA, 66% for PSAP, 60.4% for HOXB13, 59.6% for prostein, and 50.0% for ERG. Conclusions: Our data suggest that HOXB13 on its own lacks sensitivity for the detection of prostatic origin. Therefore, this marker should be only used in conjunction with other markers, preferably the highly specific PSA. The combination of PSA with NKX3.1 shows a higher sensitivity and thus appears preferable in this setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Kristiansen
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Carsten Stephan
- Department of Urology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Klaus Jung
- Berlin Institute of Urologic Research, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Manfred Dietel
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Anja Rieger
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Yuri Tolkach
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Glen Kristiansen
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
S100P as a Marker for Urothelial Histogenesis: A Critical Review and Comparison With Novel and Traditional Urothelial Immunohistochemical Markers. Adv Anat Pathol 2017; 24:151-160. [PMID: 28398953 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
S100P, or placental S100, is a member of a large family of S100 proteins and considered to be a promising immunohistochemical marker to support urothelial differentiation. This review synthesizes published data regarding the expression of S100P in urothelial carcinoma across histological grade and variant patterns, and in other malignancies, in an effort to summarize the state of understanding of this marker and evaluate its potential. We provide also a broad comparison of S100P with other contemporary and traditional urothelial markers and outline the potential utility of S100P in various diagnostically challenging scenarios. Taken in context, we recommend that to provide immunohistochemical support for consideration of urothelial differentiation, S100P may be included in a panel of markers (due to its high sensitivity), with better established (GATA3) and more specific (uroplakin 2) markers, for comparison with corresponding markers of other primary sites under consideration, depending on the clinical context. We emphasize that the overall most appropriate panel for any given case depends on the differential diagnosis engendered by the morphology encountered, and the constellation of clinical findings. As always with immunohistochemical panels, expected positive and negative markers for each diagnostic consideration should be included. Finally, since as of date there are no optimally sensitive or specific markers of urothelial differentiation, all final diagnoses relying on immunohistochemical support should be made in the appropriate clinical and histological context.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kov�ri B, Sz�sz AM, Kulka J, Maru�ic Z, �arcevic B, Tiszlavicz L, Cserni G. Evaluation of p40 as a Myoepithelial Marker in Different Breast Lesions. Pathobiology 2015; 82:166-71. [DOI: 10.1159/000375127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
14
|
Alshenawy HA, Saied E. Do HOXB13 and P63 have a role in differentiating poorly differentiated prostatic carcinoma from urothelial high-grade carcinoma? APMIS 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eman Saied
- Department of Pathology; Faculty of Medicine; Kafr Alshikh University; Kafr Alshikh Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mohanty SK, Smith SC, Chang E, Luthringer DJ, Gown AM, Aron M, Amin MB. Evaluation of contemporary prostate and urothelial lineage biomarkers in a consecutive cohort of poorly differentiated bladder neck carcinomas. Am J Clin Pathol 2014; 142:173-83. [PMID: 25015857 DOI: 10.1309/ajcpk1ov6imnpfgl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES New immunohistochemical (IHC) markers of urothelial carcinoma (UCa) and prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCa) have emerged in recent years, yet comparative studies to establish markers remain lacking. We aimed to identify an effective but parsimonious approach for poorly differentiated bladder neck lesions, to establish a best practice panel approach in a setting simulating prospective use. METHODS We tested the performance of a panel of IHC markers on whole sections of a consecutive cohort of transurethral resection specimens of poorly differentiated, challenging bladder neck resections (n=36). RESULTS In the setting of poorly differentiated bladder neck carcinomas, biomarker sensitivities for UCa were as follows: GATA3, 100%; S100P, 88%; p63, 75%; and cytokeratin (CK) 5/6, 56%; specificities of each were 100%. CK7 and CK20 showed sensitivities of 75% and 63%, though these were only 85% and 80% specific. For PCa markers, NKX3.1, p501S, prostate-specific membrane antigen, and androgen receptor (AR) each showed 100% sensitivity, outperforming ERG (35%) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA; 25%). All the prostate histogenesis markers were 100% specific, except for AR, which was positive in 13% of the UCa cases. CONCLUSIONS Novel IHC markers show improved diagnostic performance that enables positive and negative support for identifying histogenesis with the use of as few as two markers for this critical therapeutic distinction. PSA underperforms newer markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sambit K. Mohanty
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Steven C. Smith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Elena Chang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Daniel J. Luthringer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Manju Aron
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mahul B. Amin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Paner GP, Annaiah C, Gulmann C, Rao P, Ro JY, Hansel DE, Shen SS, Lopez-Beltran A, Aron M, Luthringer DJ, De Peralta-Venturina M, Cho Y, Amin MB. Immunohistochemical evaluation of novel and traditional markers associated with urothelial differentiation in a spectrum of variants of urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Hum Pathol 2014; 45:1473-82. [PMID: 24780825 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2014.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Data on immunohistochemical expression of novel and traditional urothelial markers in the wide range of urothelial carcinoma variants have so far been very limited. In this study, whole tissue sections from 130 bladder urothelial carcinoma and variants were stained with a panel of novel and traditional immunomarkers supportive of urothelial lineage. The positivity rates were as follows: (a) urothelial carcinomas with or without divergent differentiation: GATA3 (50%), S-100P (86%), uroplakin III (20%), thrombomodulin (40%), cytokeratin 7 (CK7) (80%), CK20 (55%), p63 (87%), and high molecular weight cytokeratin (HMCK) (89%); (b) urothelial carcinoma variants (micropapillary, plasmacytoid, nested, clear cell, and microcystic): GATA3 (88%), S-100P (96%), uroplakin III (33%), thrombomodulin (49%), CK7 (95%), CK20 (61%), p63 (69%), and HMCK (96%); and (c) undifferentiated carcinomas (lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, sarcomatoid carcinoma and carcinoma with rhabdoid and giant cells): GATA3 (28%), S-100P (31%), uroplakin III (0%), thrombomodulin (22%), CK7 (50%), CK20 (3%), p63 (50%), and HMCK (49%). In urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation, GATA3 expression was lower (20%) in contrast to p63 and S-100P. In urothelial carcinoma with glandular differentiation, GATA3 (50%) and p63 (60%) expression was lower than S-100P (100%). p63 expression was relatively lower in micropapillary (54%) and plasmacytoid (50%) variants compared with the other urothelial carcinoma variants. This study provides comprehensive data for novel and traditionally used markers to support urothelial lineage in urothelial carcinoma variants. Our findings show that GATA3, S-100P, CK7, CK20, HMCK, and p63, in the appropriate differential diagnostic setting, are useful to support urothelial lineage of variant morphologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gladell P Paner
- Departments of Pathology and Surgery, Section of Urology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Chandrakanth Annaiah
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Christian Gulmann
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Pathology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Priya Rao
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jae Y Ro
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Donna E Hansel
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Steven S Shen
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Manju Aron
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Daniel J Luthringer
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | | | - Yong Cho
- University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mahul B Amin
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dou K, Xu Q, Han X. The association between XPC Lys939Gln gene polymorphism and urinary bladder cancer susceptibility: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diagn Pathol 2013; 8:112. [PMID: 23819639 PMCID: PMC3744163 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous epidemiological studies have been conducted to explore the association between the Lys939Gln polymorphism of Xeroderma pigmentosum group C (XPC) gene and urinary bladder cancer susceptibility. However, the results remain inconclusive. In order to derive a more precise estimation of this relationship, a large and update meta-analysis was performed in this study. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted through researching MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, China Biomedical Literature database (CBM) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases before June 2013. Crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the strength of the association. Results A total of 12 studies with 4828 cases and 4890 controls for evaluating the XPC Lys939Gln polymorphism and urinary bladder cancer were included. Overall, there was significant associations between the XPC Lys939Gln polymorphism and urinary bladder cancer risk were found for homozygous model (OR = 1.352, 95% CL = 1.088-1.681), heterozygous model (OR = 1.354, 95% CL = 1.085-1.688), and allele comparison (OR = 1.109, 95% CL = 1.013-1.214). In subgroup analysis by ethnicity and source of controls, there were still significant associations detected in some genetic models. Conclusion Our meta-analysis suggested that the XPC Lys939Gln polymorphism contributed to the risk of urinary bladder cancer. Virtual slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Dou
- Department of Urology, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming 650032, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hammas N, Laila C, Youssef ALM, Hind EF, Harmouch T, Siham T, Afaf A. Can p63 serve as a biomarker for giant cell tumor of bone? A Moroccan experience. Diagn Pathol 2012; 7:130. [PMID: 23016917 PMCID: PMC3527302 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-7-130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multinucleated giant cell-containing tumors and pseudotumors of bone represent a heterogeneous group of benign and malignant lesions. Differential diagnosis can be challenging, particularly in instances of limited sampling. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contribution of the P63 in the positive and differential diagnosis of giant cell tumor of bone. Methods This study includes 48 giant cell-containing tumors and pseudotumors of bone. P63 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Data analysis was performed using Epi-info software and SPSS software package (version 17). Results Immunohistochemical analysis showed a P63 nuclear expression in all giant cell tumors of bone, in 50% of osteoid osteomas, 40% of aneurysmal bone cysts, 37.5% of osteoblastomas, 33.3% of chondromyxoide fibromas, 25% of non ossifiant fibromas and 8.3% of osteosarcomas. Only one case of chondroblastoma was included in this series and expressed p63. No P63 immunoreactivity was detected in any of the cases of central giant cell granulomas or langerhans cells histiocytosis. The sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) of P63 immunohistochemistry for the diagnosis of giant cell tumor of bone were 100%. The specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) were 74.42% and 59.26% respectively. Conclusions This study found not only that GCTOB expresses the P63 but it also shows that this protein may serve as a biomarker for the differential diagnosis between two morphologically similar lesions particularly in instances of limited sampling. Indeed, P63 expression seems to differentiate between giant cell tumor of bone and central giant cell granuloma since the latter does not express P63. Other benign and malignant giant cell-containing lesions express P63, decreasing its specificity as a diagnostic marker, but a strong staining was seen, except a case of chondroblastoma, only in giant cell tumor of bone. Clinical and radiological confrontation remains essential for an accurate diagnosis. Virtual slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1838562590777252.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Hammas
- Department of Pathology, HASSAN II University Hospital, Harazem, Fez, Morocco.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Petcu EB, Gonzalez-Serva A, Wright RG, Slevin M, Brinzaniuc K. Prostate carcinoma metastatic to the skin as an extrammamary Paget's disease. Diagn Pathol 2012; 7:106. [PMID: 22901743 PMCID: PMC3502359 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-7-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The current paper describes a case of prostatic adenocarcinoma metastatic to the skin presenting as an extrammamary Paget's disease, a very rare and poorly characterised morphological entity. We report a case of prostatic carcinoma metastatic to skin showing a pattern of extramammary Paget's disease which has not been clearly illustrated in the literature Case presentation: A 63 year-old man with prostatic adenocarcinoma developed cutaneous metastases after 16 years. The inguinal metastases were sessile and 'keratotic.' The tumour displayed solid, glandular areas as well as a polypoid region suggestive of extramammary Paget's disease were identified. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS We review the diagnostic criteria that have led to the correct histopathological diagnosis in this case. A differential diagnosis of the pagetoid spread in the skin and various forms of cutaneous metastases determined by a prostatic adenocarcinoma as well as the role of immunohistochemistry in establishing the prostatic origin are presented in the context of this case. Although, morphologically the cells presented in the skin deposits were not characteristic for adenocarcinoma of prostate, immunohistochemistry for PSA and PSAP suggested a prostatic origin. VIRTUAL SLIDES The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1395450057455276.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugen Bogdan Petcu
- Griffith University School of Medicine, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
|