1
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Ahmad SM, Ahmed BS, Khidhir KG, Rahman HS. Prospective quantitative gene expression analysis of kallikrein-related peptidase KLK10 as a diagnostic biomarker for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13489. [PMID: 35669967 PMCID: PMC9165590 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The most common malignancy in children is acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This study aimed to explore KLK10 mRNA expression as a potential diagnostic biomarker for ALL in children and to examine the effect of chemotherapy on KLK10 mRNA expression following the induction and after three months of receiving chemotherapy. Methods In this prospective study, total RNA was extracted from blood samples of 23 pediatric ALL patients on diagnosis, after one month and three months of receiving chemotherapy. Healthy pediatric volunteers (n = 12) were selected as control individuals. After cDNA synthesis, KLK10 mRNA gene expression levels were quantified using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Results KLK10 mRNA expression levels were significantly decreased in leukemic cells compared to their levels in cells of normal blood samples (p = 0.0001). KLK10 expression levels in ALL patients after one month and three months of receiving chemotherapy decreased compared to normal blood samples (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0175 respectively). The expression level of KLK10 mRNA in ALL patients after one month of chemotherapy was decreased compared to their level on diagnosis (p = 0.4413). KLK10 mRNA expression levels in ALL patients after three months of chemotherapy were increased compared to their level on diagnosis (p = 0.0602). The ROC curve illustrated that KLK10 mRNA expression could very efficiently discriminate ALL patients from normal counterparts (AUC=0.886, 95% CI [0.7720-1.000], SE = 0.0582, p = 0.0004). Conclusion KLK10 mRNA expression could serve as a potential diagnostic molecular biomarker for ALL in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwan Majid Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
| | - Basima Sadq Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry & Clinical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
| | - Karzan Ghafur Khidhir
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
| | - Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
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2
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Zhou D, He Y, Li H, Huang W. Silencing of kallikrein-related peptidase 6 attenuates the proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells through inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:770. [PMID: 34055069 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kallikrein-related peptidase 6 (KLK6), a member of the kallikrein-related peptidase family, is involved in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells and is highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of KLK6 on the proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells and to determine the underlying mechanism of its actions. The expression of KLK6 was measured in metastatic gastric cancer cells using western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, and KLK6 was overexpressed or inhibited in HGC-27 cells using plasmid transfection. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT were also evaluated using Cell Counting Kit 8, Transwell and western blot analysis, respectively. In addition, a mouse xenograft model was constructed by injection of HGC-27 cells. The xenograft was treated with KLK6 interference or overexpression plasmids to study the in vivo effects of KLK6 on tumor development. The results demonstrated that KLK6 was highly expressed in HGC-27 cells and that KLK6 inhibition attenuated cell proliferation, migration and invasion and prevented gastric cancer tumor development. In addition, KLK6 inhibition reduced the expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule and vimentin, reduced the phosphorylation of SMAD2 and SMAD3 and upregulated epithelial-cadherin expression. In conclusion, KLK6 inhibition suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo through the inhibition of EMT. These findings indicate that KLK6 a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
| | - Yanping He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
| | - Hengping Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Huang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, No. 1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, P.R. China
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3
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Wang W, Yang J, Yu Y, Deng J, Zhang H, Yao Q, Fan Y, Zhou Y. Expression of JWA and XRCC1 as prognostic markers for gastric cancer recurrence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2020; 13:3120-3127. [PMID: 33425112 PMCID: PMC7791389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the common gastrointestinal tumors. Tumor recurrence leads to a high death rate of gastric cancer. It is very important to find markers to effectively predict gastric cancer recurrence. We constructed a gastric cancer tissue microarray containing 89 tumors and corresponding normal tissues to explore the relationship between some proteins' expression and gastric cancer recurrence. The expression of JWA, Cullin1, p53, XRCC1, CHIP, FAK, MMP-2, MDM2 and p21 was determined on the microarray by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between the expression of these proteins and gastric cancer recurrence was analyzed. Tumor diameter, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage were closely related with gastric cancer recurrence by Fisher's exact test (P<0.05). We used the univariate Cox regression analysis to find that JWA, XRCC1 were related to gastric cancer recurrence (P<0.05); Lymph node metastasis and TNM stage were closely related to gastric cancer recurrence (P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that XRCC1 or lymph node metastasis were independent risk factors of gastric cancer recurrence (P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival curve assay indicated that patients with low JWA or XRCC1 expression in gastric cancer had significantly shorter DFS than those with high-expressed proteins (P<0.05). JWA or XRCC1 may be effective markers to predict gastric cancer recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Yixing Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou UniversityYixing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Combining Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225000, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225000, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Oncology, Yixing Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou UniversityYixing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianliang Deng
- Department of Oncology, Yixing Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou UniversityYixing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Suzhou Vocational Health CollegeJiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Yao
- Department of Oncology, Yixing Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou UniversityYixing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongyan Fan
- Department of Oncology, Yixing Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou UniversityYixing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Yixing Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou UniversityYixing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Combining Chinese Traditional and Western Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225000, China
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4
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Qi Y, Lv J, Liu S, Sun L, Wang Y, Li H, Qi W, Qiu W. TSPAN9 and EMILIN1 synergistically inhibit the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells by increasing TSPAN9 expression. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:630. [PMID: 31242895 PMCID: PMC6595627 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5810-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, the incidence and mortality rates of gastric cancer are high, and its poor prognosis is closely related to tumor recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms associated with the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells are important for gastric cancer treatment. Previously, TSPAN9 has been reported to inhibit gastric cancer cell migration; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. METHODS Human gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines, SGC7901 and AGS, were cultured in vitro. TSPAN9 expression was determined by RT-PCR, western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry in gastric cancer and tumor-adjacent tissues. Following the over-expression and knockdown of TSPAN9, wound healing and cell invasion assays were performed and EMT-related protein expression was evaluated to analyze the invasion and migration of gastric cancer cells. TSPAN9 expression and the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells were observed by the functional assays following EMILIN1 over-expression. RESULTS Inhibiting TSPAN9 expression significantly promoted the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. In addition, immunofluorescence co-localization and co-immunoprecipitation analysis revealed closely related expression of EMILIN1 and TSPAN9. Moreover, EMILIN1 can synergistically boost the tumor suppressive effect of TSPAN9, which may be produced by promoting TSPAN9 expression. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that EMILIN1 induces anti-tumor effects by up-regulating TSPAN9 expression in gastric cancer. Hence, membrane proteins TSPAN9 and EMILIN1 may represent novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyue Qi
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shihai Liu
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Libin Sun
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Li
- Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Weiwei Qi
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Wensheng Qiu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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5
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Wang Z, Qin B. Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of long noncoding RNA CTD-2510F5.4 in gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2019; 22:692-704. [PMID: 30560474 PMCID: PMC6570689 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-018-00911-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compelling studies have demonstrated the correlation between aberrant expressed lncRNAs and human cancers, and revealed promise of these lncRNAs as biomarkers in predicting patients' survival and outcome. METHODS We downloaded the RNA-seq data from the Cancer Genome Atlas, and screened out DEGs and DELs between gastric cancer tissues and normal gastric tissues. By bioinformatics analysis, we identified CTD-2510F5.4 was a malignant phenotype associated lncRNA. The expression levels of CTD-2510F5.4 in tissues were detected by ISH, and the relationships between CTD-2510F5.4 expression and clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed by statistical analysis. RESULTS By bioinformatics analysis and functional analysis, we identified CTD-2510F5.4 was a malignant phenotype associated lncRNA of gastric cancer that potentially regulated cell cycle and apoptosis. CTD-2510F5.4 expression was significantly higher in gastric cancers, and was correlated with pathological grade, vascular or nerve invasion, AJCC TNM stage and OS. Moreover, gastric cancer patients with high CTD-2510F5.4 expression showed significantly shorter MST. High CTD-2510F5.4 expression was a independent risk factor for gastric cancers at pathological grade < III and without vascular or nerve invasion. CONCLUSIONS We identified CTD-2510F5.4 was a malignant phenotype associated lncRNA potentially involved in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. Our data also supported the clinical potential of CTD-2510F5.4 being a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Medical Oncology Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer (1), Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, NO.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoli Qin
- Medical Oncology Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer (1), Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, NO.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Adamopoulos PG, Tsiakanikas P, Scorilas A. Kallikrein-related peptidases and associated microRNAs as promising prognostic biomarkers in gastrointestinal malignancies. Biol Chem 2018; 399:821-836. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies represent a wide spectrum of diseases of the GI tract and its accessory digestive organs, including esophageal (EC), gastric (GC), hepatocellular, pancreatic (PC) and colorectal cancers (CRC). Malignancies of the GI system are responsible for nearly 30% of cancer-related morbidity and approximately 40% of cancer-related mortality, worldwide. For this reason, the discovery of novel prognostic biomarkers that can efficiently provide a better prognosis, risk assessment and prediction of treatment response is an imperative need. Human kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) are a subgroup of trypsin and chymotrypsin-like serine peptidases that have emerged as promising prognosticators for many human types of cancer, being aberrantly expressed in cancerous tissues. The aberrant expression of KLKs in human malignancies is often regulated by KLK/microRNAs (miRNAs) interactions, as many miRNAs have been found to target KLKs and therefore alter their expression levels. The biomarker utility of KLKs has been elucidated not only in endocrine-related human malignancies, including those of the prostate and breast, but also in GI malignancies. The main purpose of this review is to summarize the existing information regarding the prognostic significance of KLKs in major types of GI malignancies and highlight the regulatory role of miRNAs on the expression levels of KLKs in these types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis G. Adamopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis , Athens GR-15701 , Greece
| | - Panagiotis Tsiakanikas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis , Athens GR-15701 , Greece
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis , Athens GR-15701 , Greece
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7
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Tailor PD, Kodeboyina SK, Bai S, Patel N, Sharma S, Ratnani A, Copland JA, She JX, Sharma A. Diagnostic and prognostic biomarker potential of kallikrein family genes in different cancer types. Oncotarget 2018; 9:17876-17888. [PMID: 29707153 PMCID: PMC5915161 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to compare and contrast the expression of all members of the Kallikrein (KLK) family of genes across 15 cancer types and to evaluate their utility as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Results Severe alterations were found in the expression of different Kallikrein genes across various cancers. Interestingly, renal clear cell and papillary carcinomas have similar kallikrein expression profiles, whereas, chromophobe renal cell carcinoma has a unique expression profile. Several KLK genes have excellent biomarker potential (AUC > 0.90) for chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (KLK2, KLK3, KLK4, KLK7, KLK15), renal papillary carcinoma (KLK1, KLK6, KLK7), clear cell renal cell carcinoma (KLK1, KLK6), thyroid carcinoma (KLK2, KLK4, KLK13, KLK15) and colon adenocarcinoma (KLK6, KLK7, KLK8, KLK10). Several KLK genes were significantly associated with mortality in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (KLK2: HR = 1.69; KLK4: HR = 1.63; KLK8: HR = 1.71; KLK10: HR = 2.12; KLK11: HR = 1.76; KLK14: HR = 1.86), papillary renal cell carcinoma (KLK6: HR = 3.38, KLK7: HR = 2.50), urothelial bladder carcinoma (KLK5: HR = 1.89, KLK6: HR = 1.71, KLK8: HR = 1.60), and hepatocellular carcinoma (KLK13: HR = 1.75). Methods The RNA-seq gene expression data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Statistical analyses, including differential expression analysis, receiver operating characteristic curves and survival analysis (Cox proportional-hazards regression models) were performed. Conclusions A comprehensive analysis revealed the changes in the expression of different KLK genes associated with specific cancers and highlighted their potential as a diagnostic and prognostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant D Tailor
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Shan Bai
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Nikhil Patel
- Department of Pathology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Akshay Ratnani
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Jin-Xiong She
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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8
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Li Q, Qu F, Li R, He X, Zhai Y, Chen W, Zheng Y. A functional polymorphism of SSBP1 gene predicts prognosis and response to chemotherapy in resected gastric cancer patients. Oncotarget 2017; 8:110861-110876. [PMID: 29340022 PMCID: PMC5762290 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence has indicated that single-stranded DNA-binding proteins 1 (SSBP1) is involved in tumor initiation and progression. However, effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SSBP1 gene on gastric cancer (GC) prognosis are still unknown. In present study, two functional SNPs from SSBP1 were selected and genotyped in a large cohorts of 1030 resected GC patients (326 in the training set, 704 in the validation set) to explore the association of SNPs with patients’ survival. The rs6976500 G allele (CG/GG) genotypes were found significantly associated with both worse overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in the training and the independent validation set when compared to C allele genotype, which reaching a more robust statistical significance in the pooled analysis. Furthermore, integration of rs6976500 genotypes and TNM stage significantly improved the prognosis prediction models based on TNM stage alone. In addition, only carriers with at least one G allele of rs6976500 gained significant survival benefit from FOLFOX-based ACT. Mechanistically, SNP rs6976500 G allele genotype could significantly decrease promoter transcriptional activity and markedly reduce expression level of SSBP1 compared with the C allele genotype in GC cells. This was further substantiated by immunohistochemical assay in 70 GC tissue samples. Our study presents the first evidence that SNP rs6976500 G allele genotypes might contribute to GC prognosis by attenuating SSBP1 promoter activity and gene expression, and provides the guidance in refining therapeutic decisions of GC patients. Further exploration on its function is needed to clarify the exact biological mechanism behind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuchen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832008, China
| | - Falin Qu
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Renli Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Chinese PLA, Xining, Qinghai, 810007, China
| | - Xianli He
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Yulong Zhai
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Weigang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832008, China
| | - Yong Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832008, China
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9
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Xi Y, Zhang Y, Fang J, Wilson JJ, Luo S, Huang RP. Development of Monoclonal Antibodies and Characterization of an ELISA Platform Against Kallikrein-Related Peptidase 6 as a Tumor Biomarker. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2016; 34:346-53. [PMID: 26492623 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2015.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kallikrein-related peptidase 6 (KLK6) is a serine protease, and one of fifteen kallikrein members located on chromosome 19. KLK6 is associated with the regulation of axonal growth following spinal injury, tumor cell metastasis, and alpha synuclein aggregate pathologies like Parkinson's, making KLK6 a potentially important biomarker. We generated a KLK6 expression vector for large-scale expression in Escherichia coli. After affinity chromatography purification and SDS-PAGE confirmation, mice were immunized with the purified protein for development of monoclonal B cell populations. Our immunizations generated five hybridomas (1D8, 2E3, 3B7, 5G8, and 5H12) against KLK6. Isotyping analysis revealed that clone 2E3 was IgG2b, while the other four clones were IgG1. Further studies found that clone 5G8 could be used to visualize specific KLK6 bands by Western blot analysis from ovarian cancer patient serum and plasma, and also in mouse liver lysates. Finally, we established a sandwich ELISA pair and determined their sensitivity for KLK6 to be 10 ng/mL. These findings establish an essential tool for the detection and analysis of KLK6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xi
- 1 The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangdong, China
| | - Yuming Zhang
- 2 RayBiotech, Inc. , Guangzhou, China .,3 RayBiotech, Inc. , Norcross, Georgia
| | - Jianmin Fang
- 2 RayBiotech, Inc. , Guangzhou, China .,3 RayBiotech, Inc. , Norcross, Georgia .,4 South China Biochip Research Center , Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Shuhong Luo
- 2 RayBiotech, Inc. , Guangzhou, China .,3 RayBiotech, Inc. , Norcross, Georgia .,4 South China Biochip Research Center , Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruo-Pan Huang
- 2 RayBiotech, Inc. , Guangzhou, China .,3 RayBiotech, Inc. , Norcross, Georgia .,4 South China Biochip Research Center , Guangzhou, China
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10
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Kolin DL, Sy K, Rotondo F, Bassily MN, Kovacs K, Brezden-Masley C, Streutker CJ, Yousef GM. Prognostic significance of human tissue kallikrein-related peptidases 11 and 15 in gastric cancer. Tumour Biol 2015. [PMID: 26224476 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3802-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human tissue kallikrein-related peptidases (KLK) are a group of 15 serine proteases which have been investigated as potential cancer biomarkers. This study determined the prognostic significance of KLK 11 and 15 expression levels in gastric carcinoma specimens. Expression of KLK11 and KLK15 was assessed by immunohistochemistry staining on a tissue microarray constructed from 113 gastrectomy specimens from patients with gastric carcinoma. To minimize inter-observer variability, expression levels were quantified using an automated algorithm. Epithelial and stromal staining were assessed separately. Both KLK11 and KLK15 were expressed in gastric carcinoma. There was no significant correlation between either KLK11 or KLK15 expression and the presence of lymph node metastases or Lauren classification (intestinal vs. diffuse). Higher levels of KLK11 expression in gastric carcinoma were associated with significantly worse overall survival (p = 0.008), and a multivariate analysis showed that it had prognostic value independent of tumor stage and differentiation (p = 0.004). Variations in KLK15 expression were not significantly associated with prognosis. KLK11 shows promise as a potential independent prognostic marker for gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Kolin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Keiyan Sy
- Department of Pathology, Credit Valley Hospital, Mississauga, ON, L5M 2N1, Canada
| | - Fabio Rotondo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Mena N Bassily
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Menoufiya University, Shebeen el kom, Egypt
| | - Kalman Kovacs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Christine Brezden-Masley
- Department of Medicine and Hematology-Oncology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Catherine J Streutker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - George M Yousef
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and the Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond St, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada.
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11
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Wei Z, Liang L, Junsong L, Rui C, Shuai C, Guanglin Q, Shicai H, Zexing W, Jin W, Xiangming C, Shufeng W. The impact of insulin on chemotherapeutic sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil in gastric cancer cell lines SGC7901, MKN45 and MKN28. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:64. [PMID: 26084465 PMCID: PMC4494778 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0151-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background The role of insulin in the pathogenesis of cancer has been increasingly emphasized because of the high incidence of obesity and metabolic syndrome and their correlated complication including cancer. This study aimed to explore the impact of insulin on chemoresistance to 5-fluorouracil in gastric cancer and the possible mechanisms. Methods Tissue samples of gastric cancer and adjacent normal gastric mucosa from patients with or without obesity were performed immunohistochemical staining for P-glycoprotein. The follow-up was done after the surgical treatment. The effect of insulin on chemotherapeutic sensitivity of the three gastric cancer cell lines to 5-fluorouracil was evaluated by pre-incubation with insulin before administration of 5-fluorouracil. The expression of P-glycoprotein was determined by Western blotting. Results P-glycoprotein were overexpressed in tissues from patients who suffered gastric cancer and were higher in those simultaneously suffered gastric cancer and obesity. Addition of 1 μM insulin remarkably promoted the proliferation of SGC7901, MKN45 and MKN28 cells and decreased the cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil. In addition, the expression of P-glycoprotein was upregulated in SGC7901, MKN45 and MKN28 cells. Conclusion Insulin improved the proliferation of gastric cancer cell lines and contributed to chemoresistance of gastric cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil which is likely to involve upregulation of P-glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R.China. .,Health science center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R.China.
| | - Li Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R.China. .,Health science center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R.China.
| | - Liu Junsong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R.China. .,Health science center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R.China.
| | - Chen Rui
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P.R.China.
| | - Chang Shuai
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R.China. .,Health science center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R.China.
| | - Qiu Guanglin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R.China. .,Health science center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R.China.
| | - He Shicai
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R.China. .,Health science center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R.China.
| | - Wang Zexing
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R.China. .,Health science center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R.China.
| | - Wang Jin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R.China. .,Health science center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R.China.
| | - Che Xiangming
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R.China. .,Health science center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R.China.
| | - Wang Shufeng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R.China. .,Health science center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R.China.
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12
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Schrader CH, Kolb M, Zaoui K, Flechtenmacher C, Grabe N, Weber KJ, Hielscher T, Plinkert PK, Hess J. Kallikrein-related peptidase 6 regulates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and serves as prognostic biomarker for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:107. [PMID: 25990935 PMCID: PMC4437453 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulated expression of Kallikrein-related peptidase 6 (KLK6) is a common feature for many human malignancies and numerous studies evaluated KLK6 as a promising biomarker for early diagnosis or unfavorable prognosis. However, the expression of KLK6 in carcinomas derived from mucosal epithelia, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and its mode of action has not been addressed so far. Methods Stable clones of human mucosal tumor cell lines were generated with shRNA-mediated silencing or ectopic overexpression to characterize the impact of KLK6 on tumor relevant processes in vitro. Tissue microarrays with primary HNSCC samples from a retrospective patient cohort (n = 162) were stained by immunohistochemistry and the correlation between KLK6 staining and survival was addressed by univariate Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox proportional hazard model analysis. Results KLK6 expression was detected in head and neck tumor cell lines (FaDu, Cal27 and SCC25), but not in HeLa cervix carcinoma cells. Silencing in FaDu cells and ectopic expression in HeLa cells unraveled an inhibitory function of KLK6 on tumor cell proliferation and mobility. FaDu clones with silenced KLK6 expression displayed molecular features resembling epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, nuclear β-catenin accumulation and higher resistance against irradiation. Low KLK6 protein expression in primary tumors from oropharyngeal and laryngeal SCC patients was significantly correlated with poor progression-free (p = 0.001) and overall survival (p < 0.0005), and served as an independent risk factor for unfavorable clinical outcome. Conclusions In summary, detection of low KLK6 expression in primary tumors represents a promising tool to stratify HNSCC patients with high risk for treatment failure. These patients might benefit from restoration of KLK6 expression or pharmacological targeting of signaling pathways implicated in EMT. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0381-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola H Schrader
- Section Experimental and Translational Head and Neck Oncology, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Markus Kolb
- Section Experimental and Translational Head and Neck Oncology, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Karim Zaoui
- Section Experimental and Translational Head and Neck Oncology, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | - Niels Grabe
- Hamamatsu Tissue Imaging and Analysis Center (TIGA), BIOQUANT, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Klaus-Josef Weber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Hielscher
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Peter K Plinkert
- Section Experimental and Translational Head and Neck Oncology, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jochen Hess
- Section Experimental and Translational Head and Neck Oncology, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Research Group Molecular Mechanisms of Head and Neck Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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13
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Grin A, Samaan S, Tripathi M, Rotondo F, Kovacs K, Bassily MN, Yousef GM. Evaluation of human tissue kallikrein-related peptidases 6 and 10 expression in early gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. Hum Pathol 2014; 46:541-8. [PMID: 25649006 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Kallikreins are a family of serine proteases that are linked to malignancy of different body organs with potential clinical utility as tumor markers. In this study, we investigated kallikrein-related peptidase 6 (KLK6) and KLK10 expression in early gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma and Barrett esophagus (BE) with and without dysplasia. Immunohistochemistry revealed significantly increased KLK6 expression in early invasive cancer compared with dysplastic (P = .009) and nondysplastic BE (P = .0002). There was a stepwise expression increase from metaplasia to dysplasia and invasive tumors. Significantly higher KLK10 was seen in dysplastic lesions compared with metaplasia but not between dysplastic lesions and invasive cancers. KLK6 staining intensity was increased at the invasive front (P = .006), suggesting its role in tumor invasiveness. Neither KLK6 nor KLK10 was significantly associated with other prognostic markers, including depth of invasion, indicating their potential as independent biomarkers. Our results should be interpreted with caution due to limited sample size. There was a significant correlation between KLK6 and KLK10 expression both at the invasive front and within the main tumor, indicating a collaborative effect. We then compared KLK6 and KLK10 messenger RNA expression between metaplastic and cancerous tissues in an independent data set of esophageal carcinoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas. KLK6 and KLK10 may be useful markers and potential therapeutic targets in gastroesophageal junction tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Grin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Sara Samaan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Monika Tripathi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Fabio Rotondo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Kalman Kovacs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Mena N Bassily
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Menoufiya University, Menufia 32511, Egypt
| | - George M Yousef
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A1, Canada.
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14
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Peng Q, Chen Z, Lu Y, Lao X, Mo C, Li R, Qin X, Li S. Current evidences on XPC polymorphisms and gastric cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:96. [PMID: 24886180 PMCID: PMC4053311 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-9-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Reduced DNA repair capacities due to inherited polymorphisms may increase the susceptibility to cancers including gastric cancer. Previous studies investigating the association between Xeroderma Pigmentosum group C (XPC) gene polymorphisms and gastric cancer risk reported inconsistent results. We performed a meta-analysis to summarize the possible association. Methods All studies published up to January 2014 on the association between XPC polymorphisms and gastric cancer risk were identified by searching electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and Chinese Biomedical Literature database (CBM). The association between XPC polymorphisms and gastric cancer risk was assessed by odds ratios (ORs) together with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Six studies with 1,355 gastric cancer cases and 2,573 controls were finally included in the meta-analysis. With respect to Lys939Gln polymorphism, we did not observe a significant association when all studies were pooled into the meta-analysis. When stratified by ethnicity, source of control, and study quality, statistical significant association was not detected in all subgroups. With respect to Ala499Val and PAT−/+polymorphisms, we also did not observe any significant association with gastric cancer risk in the pooled analysis. Conclusions This meta-analysis based on current evidences suggested that the XPC polymorphisms (Lys939Gln, Val499Arg, and PAT−/+) did not contribute to gastric cancer risk. Considering the limited sample size and ethnicity included in the meta-analysis, further larger scaled and well-designed studies are needed to confirm our results. Virtual Slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1485880312555069
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xue Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
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15
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Liu X, Yu H, Cai H, Wang Y. The expression and clinical significance of miR-132 in gastric cancer patients. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:57. [PMID: 24621117 PMCID: PMC3975191 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-9-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective miR-132 plays a role in regulating neuronal morphology and cellular excitability. Little is known about the effects of miR-132 in cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of miR-132 and its clinical significance in gastric cancer. Methods Cancerous tissues and corresponding normal tissues from 79 patients with gastric cancer were examined for the expression of miR-132 using quantitative PCR and the association between miR-132 expression levels and clinicopathological factors and prognosis was analyzed. Results In 79 clinical samples of gastric cancer patients, miR-132 expression levels in cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in the corresponding normal tissues (P = 0.001). Higher expression levels of miR-132 were associated with more frequent lymph node metastasis (P = 0.033), more lymphatic tumor emboli (P = 0.007), and more advanced stage (P = 0.016). Additionally, expression of miR-132 was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (P = 0.020). Conclusion miR-132 could serve as an efficient prognostic factor for gastric cancer patients. Virtual slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/8168577241196050
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yanong Wang
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Geng M, Wang L, Chen X, Cao R, Li P. The association between chemosensitivity and Pgp, GST-π and Topo II expression in gastric cancer. Diagn Pathol 2013; 8:198. [PMID: 24326092 PMCID: PMC3901556 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the relationship between P-glycoprotein (Pgp), glutathione S-transferase π (GST-π) and topoisomerase II (Topo II) expression and human gastric cancer chemoresistance in vitro. METHODS Primary single-cell suspensions were prepared from fresh specimens of primary gastric cancer and exposed to hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT), cisplatin (CDDP), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), adriamycin (ADM) and mitomycin (MMC) for 48 h. Cell metabolic activity and rate of inhibition were evaluated using tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Pgp, GST-π and Topo II expression was determined in gastric carcinoma tissue samples using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Chemosensitivity of the gastric cancer cells varied; the rates of inhibition of cells exposed to HCPT, CDDP and 5-FU were significantly higher than that of cells exposed to ADM and MMC (p < 0.05). Gastric cancer cells with Pgp expression were resistant to ADM and HCPT (p = 0.008 and p = 0.011, respectively). Cells resistant to 5-FU, CDDP and MMC had significantly higher GST-π expression (p < 0.05). Topo II expression was significantly lower in cells resistant to HCPT, ADM and MMC (p < 0.05). Pgp and GST-π expression may contribute to primary resistance of gastric cancer cells to some chemotherapeutic drugs, while Topo II expression may indicate HCPT, ADM and MMC sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Pgp, GST-π and Topo II detection and the MTT assay could be used as predictors in chemotherapeutic drug administration and for identifying drug resistance in gastric carcinoma. VIRTUAL SLIDES The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/3448329111142964.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Peifeng Li
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, Jinan, China.
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17
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Zhang G, Qu Y, Dang S, Yang Q, Shi B, Hou P. Variable copy number of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) predicts worse prognosis in advanced gastric cancer patients. Diagn Pathol 2013; 8:173. [PMID: 24144008 PMCID: PMC4015835 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Change of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number is widely reported in various human cancers, including gastric cancer, and is considered to be an important hallmark of cancers. However, there is remarkably little consensus on the value of variable mtDNA content in the prognostic evaluation of this cancer. METHODS Using real-time quantitative PCR approach, we examined mtDNA copy number in a cohort of gastric cancers and normal gastric tissues, and explored the association of variable mtDNA content with clinical outcomes of gastric cancer patients. RESULTS Our data showed that the majority of gastric cancer patients had low mtDNA content as compared to control subjects although the relative mean mtDNA content was higher in the former than the latter. Moreover, we found that variable mtDNA content was strongly associated with lymph node metastasis and cancer-related death of the patients with late-stage tumors. Notably, variable mtDNA content did not affect overall survival of gastric cancer patients, however, we found that increased mtDNA content was associated with poor survival in the patients with late-stage tumors. CONCLUSION In this study, we demonstrated that variable mtDNA content markedly increased the risk of lymph node metastasis and high mortality of the patients with late-stage tumors. Additionally, we found a strong link between increased mtDNA content and worse survival of the patients with late-stage tumors. Taken together, variable mtDNA content may be a valuable poor prognostic factor for advanced gastric cancer patients. VIRTUAL SLIDES The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1344721463103353.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Peng Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, the People's Republic of China.
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Guan Z, Zhang J, Song S, Dai D. Promoter methylation and expression of TIMP3 gene in gastric cancer. Diagn Pathol 2013; 8:110. [PMID: 23819566 PMCID: PMC3737241 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric carcinoma development is a multi-stage process that involves more than one gene. Aberrant changes in DNA methylation are considered as the third mechanism that leads to anti-oncogene inactivation, which plays an essential role in tumor development. In this study, we assessed the relationship among the aberrant methylation of the promoter CpG islands of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3) gene, its protein expression, and the clinicopathological features of gastric adenocarcinoma. Methods The methylation status of the promoter CpG islands and the protein expression of TIMP3 gene in tumors and adjacent normal mucosal tissues of 78 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma were detected by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and immunohistochemistry. Results The CpG island methylation of TIMP3 was detected in tumor tissues, cancer-adjacent tissues, and lymph nodes with metastasis. In increasing order, the hypermethylation frequency of these tissues were 35.9% (28 of 78 non-neoplastic tissues), 85% (17 of 20 early-stage cases), 89.7% (52 of 58 progressive-stage cases), and 100% (78 of 78 metastatic lymph node). A marked difference was found between tumors and non-neoplastic tissues (P < 0.05), but no difference existed among the subgroups of tumors (P > 0.05). Immunohistochemistry analysis confirmed TIMP3 down-regulation in tumor tissues. The rate of TIMP3 gene expression was 100% in non-neoplastic tissues but apparently decreased to various extents at different stages, i.e., decreased to 30% (6/20) at the early stage, to 3.4% (2/58) at the progressive stage, and to 0% (0/78) in metastatic lymph nodes. Among the 70 tumor tissues with negative TIMP3 expression, 64 (91.4%) were hypermethylated and 6 were unmethylated (8.6%), indicating a significant association between hypermethylation and reduced or negative TIMP3 expression (P < 0.01). Conclusion The hypermethylation of the promoter region in CpG islands is the main mechanism of TIMP3 gene expression and may provide evidence for the molecular diagnosis and stage evaluation of gastric cancer. Virtual slides The virtual slides for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1756134016954958
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhiYu Guan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, TianJin Medical University General Hospital, 154 AnShan Road, HePing Section, TianJin 300052, China.
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Wang W, Li F, Zhang Y, Tu Y, Yang Q, Gao X. Reduced expression of miR-22 in gastric cancer is related to clinicopathologic characteristics or patient prognosis. Diagn Pathol 2013; 8:102. [PMID: 23786758 PMCID: PMC3733645 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Involvements of microRNA-22 (miR-22) in cancer development have attracted much attention, but its role in tumorigenesis of gastric cancer is still largely unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the expression patterns and clinical implications of miR-22 in gastric cancer. Methods Quantitative RT-PCR was performed to evaluate the expression levels of miR-22 in 98 pairs of gastric cancer and normal adjacent mucosa. Results Compared with normal adjacent mucosa, miR-22 expression was significantly downregulated in gastric cancer tissues (P < 0.001). Of 98 patients with gastric cancer, 58 (59.2%) were placed in the low miR-22 expression group and 40 (40.8%) were placed in the high miR-22 expression group. In addition, tumors with low miR-22 expression had greater extent of lymph node metastasis (P = 0.02) and distant metastasis (P = 0.01), and were at a worse stage (P = 0.01) than the tumors with high miR-22 expression. Moreover, the gastric cancer patients with low miR-22 expression had shorter overall survival than those with high miR-22 expression (P = 0.03). MiR-22, determined by multivariate analysis, was an independent prognostic factor for patients with gastric cancer. Conclusion Our data offer the convincing evidence that the reduced expression of miR-22 was significantly associated with malignant development of gastric cancer and may be a novel prognostic marker of this disease. miR-22 might have potentials in the application of cancer therapy for patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The 323th Hospital of PLA, Xi'an 710054, China
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