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Outcomes of surgical reconstruction of the superior vena cava syndrome in patients with locally advanced thymomas. EUREKA: HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.21303/2504-5679.2021.001852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study: to study and demonstrate the potential and technical aspects of the surgical treatment of locally advanced thymus tumours with the tumour infiltrate affecting superior vena cava and its branches.
Methods. 56 patients with locally advanced thymomas complicated by SVCS were study. The control group included 30 patients with SVCS were treated with conventional techniques, while the experimental group included 26 patients who underwent a novel bypass surgery developed by us.
Results. Based on our observations, patients tolerated these surgeries much better. The venous bypass was mandatorily complemented with cytoreduction. Auriculo-jugular (left and right) and auriculo-subclavian (left and right) bypasses were used in our observations
Complications in the post-operative period were reported from the experimental group and included auriculo-subclavian bypass thrombosis, post-operative complications were reported in the control group including haemorrhage from the sternotomy wound in 1 (3.3 %) case, superior vena cava thrombosis in 2 (6.6 %) cases, pneumonia in 2 (6.6 %) cases and thromboembolism of small pulmonary arteries in 2 (6.6 %) cases.
Post-operative lethality in the study groups was reported in the control and in the experimental group. Total lethality rate was 8.9 % (5 patients). The relative risk of complications and lethal outcome was calculated for patients from both groups. It was found that the risk of complications was twice as high in the control group as in the experimental group (standard error of relative risk equals 0.64), whereas the risk of lethal outcome increased by a factor of 3.5 in the control group (standard error of relative risk equals 1.09)
Conclusion. It has been established that the superior vena cava syndrome in patients with locally advanced thymoma is an emergency condition whose surgical correction must be personalised depending on the anatomic and topographic classification of SVC lesion types. It is known that an obligatory pre-condition of the perioperative period in this category of patients is an adequate vascular approach to the superior vena cava system. The first mandatory step of the radical surgery in patients with locally advanced thymomas with SVC invasion should be the auriculo-jugular and auriculo-subclavian bypasses, which can reduce the relative risk of post-operative complications by a factor of the risk of lethal by a factor of 3.5.
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Blakey J, Jerry C, da Silva A, Stoute S. Thymoma in an aged backyard Leghorn chicken, with reviews of a database and literature. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 33:336-339. [PMID: 33525992 DOI: 10.1177/1040638721990896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A 7-y-old backyard Leghorn chicken (Gallus domesticus) was submitted to the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System (CAHFS)-Turlock branch for postmortem examination, with a history of unexpected death. At postmortem examination, a hemorrhagic soft tissue mass was observed in the cervical region. Microscopically, a densely cellular neoplasm of polygonal epithelial cells and small lymphocytes was observed. The microscopic features of the neoplasm in combination with positive immunohistochemistry for pancytokeratin and CD3 were used to classify the lesion as a thymoma. Thymoma was diagnosed in only 5 birds submitted to CAHFS from 1990 to 2019. Thymoma has been described only rarely in birds, and is an unusual diagnosis in backyard chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Blakey
- California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California-Davis, Turlock Branch, Turlock, CA
| | - Carmen Jerry
- California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California-Davis, Turlock Branch, Turlock, CA
| | - Ana da Silva
- California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California-Davis, Turlock Branch, Turlock, CA
| | - Simone Stoute
- California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California-Davis, Turlock Branch, Turlock, CA
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Ku X, Sun Q, Zhu L, Gu Z, Han Y, Xu N, Meng C, Yang X, Yan W, Fang W. Deciphering tissue-based proteome signatures revealed novel subtyping and prognostic markers for thymic epithelial tumors. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:721-741. [PMID: 31967407 PMCID: PMC7138395 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) belong to a group of tumors that rarely occur, but have unresolved mechanisms and heterogeneous clinical behaviors. Current care of TET patients demands biomarkers of high sensitivity and specificity for accurate histological classification and prognosis management. In this study, 134 fresh‐frozen tissue samples (84 tumor, 40 tumor adjacent, and 10 normal thymus) were recruited to generate a quantitative and systematic view of proteomic landscape of TETs. Among them, 90 samples were analyzed by data‐independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA‐MS) leading to discovery of novel classifying molecules among different TET subtypes. The correlation between clinical outcome and the identified molecules was probed, and the prioritized proteins of interest were further validated on the remaining samples (n = 44) via parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) as well as immunohistochemical and confocal imaging analysis. In particular, two proteins, the cellular mRNA deadenylase CCR4 (carbon catabolite repressor 4)‐NOT (negative on TATA) complex subunit 2/9 (CNOT2/9) and the serine hydroxymethyltransferase that catalyzes the reversible interconversions of serine and glycine (SHMT1), were found at dramatic low levels in the thymic epithelia of more malignant subtype, thymic squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). Interestingly, the mRNA levels of these two genes were shown to be closely correlated with prognosis of the TET patients. These results extended the existing human tissue proteome atlas and allowed us to identify several new protein classifiers for TET subtyping. Newly identified subtyping and prognosis markers, CNOT2/9 and SHMT1, will expand current diagnostic arsenal in terms of higher specificity and prognostic insights for TET diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ku
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Qiangling Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.,Thoracic Cancer Institute, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Zhitao Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Yuchen Han
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Chen Meng
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- Central Lab, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Wentao Fang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
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Hernández Urraca V, Salinas EM, González EC, Godoy FDS. Mixed Thymoma in an American Robin ( Turdus migratorius). J Avian Med Surg 2019; 32:226-231. [PMID: 30204023 DOI: 10.1647/2017-262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A mixed thymoma was diagnosed in a 15-year-old female American robin ( Turdus migratorius) that exhibited poor body condition, dysphagia, hyporexia, and depression. A 1.5-cm subcutaneous nodule was present in the cranio-ventral cervical region, which had been noticed by the owner 15 days before presentation. On cytologic evaluation of a fine-needle aspirate, well-differentiated lymphocytes were observed. Surgical excision was elected; however, the mass was firmly attached to the esophagus and the jugular vein, and the attempt at excision resulted in fatal hemorrhage. On histologic examination of the mass, small, well-differentiated lymphocytes were observed mixed with neoplastic reticular cells and Hassall's corpuscles. On immunohistochemical analysis, the cytoplasm of 80% of the reticular cells showed abundant detectable brown antigen binding with pancytokeratin staining, and most lymphoid cells showed detectable antigen in the cytoplasm by using CD3 antibodies. The cytologic, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical features of the neoplasm in this robin were consistent with a mixed thymoma.
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Lang B, Vorbrüggen S, Kothe R, Britsch G, Schmidt V. Metastatic Thymoma in a Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao ). J Avian Med Surg 2017; 31:47-52. [PMID: 28358603 DOI: 10.1647/2014-043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 49-year-old female scarlet macaw ( Ara macao ) was presented with a mass in the cervical region. The bird showed no evidence of pain or discomfort, it swallowed food normally, and its breathing pattern was unremarkable. Results of contrast radiographic imaging revealed a well-demarcated mass in the right cervical region not related to the crop. After surgical resection and histopathologic evaluation, a malignant nodular stage of an epithelioid cortical-type thymoma was diagnosed. One year later, metastasis of the thymoma to the lung was diagnosed and confirmed at postmortem examination. The final diagnosis was corrected to malignant nodular stage of an epithelioid cortical-type thymoma with metastasis to the lung. This is the first report in an avian species of a malignant thymoma with metastasis to the lung after complete resection of the initial cervical thymoma and a survival time of 1 year.
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Khaki F, Javanbakht J, Sasani F, Gharagozlou MJ, Bahrami A, Moslemzadeh H, Sheikhzadeh R. Retraction note: Cervical type AB thymoma (mixed) tumour diagnosis in a mynah as a model to study human: clinicohistological, immunohistochemical and cytohistopathological study. Diagn Pathol 2016; 11:107. [PMID: 27802819 PMCID: PMC5090953 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-016-0567-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Khaki
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Javanbakht
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farhang Sasani
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
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Yu PH, Chi CH. Long-term Management of Thymic Lymphoma in a Java Sparrow (Lonchura oryzivora). J Avian Med Surg 2015; 29:51-4. [DOI: 10.1647/2013-062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Marx A, Porubsky S, Belharazem D, Saruhan-Direskeneli G, Schalke B, Ströbel P, Weis CA. Thymoma related myasthenia gravis in humans and potential animal models. Exp Neurol 2015; 270:55-65. [PMID: 25700911 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Thymoma-associated Myasthenia gravis (TAMG) is one of the anti-acetylcholine receptor MG (AChR-MG) subtypes. The clinico-pathological features of TAMG and its pathogenesis are described here in comparison with pathogenetic models suggested for the more common non-thymoma AChR-MG subtypes, early onset MG and late onset MG. Emphasis is put on the role of abnormal intratumorous T cell selection and activation, lack of intratumorous myoid cells and regulatory T cells as well as deficient expression of the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) by neoplastic thymic epithelial cells. We review spontaneous and genetically engineered thymoma models in a spectrum of animals and the extensive clinical and immunological overlap between canine, feline and human TAMG. Finally, limitations and perspectives of the transplantation of human and murine thymoma tissue into nude mice, as potential models for TAMG, are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 13, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Stefan Porubsky
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 13, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Djeda Belharazem
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 13, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Güher Saruhan-Direskeneli
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa 34093, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Berthold Schalke
- Department of Neurology, Bezirkskrankenhaus, University of Regensburg, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Philipp Ströbel
- Institute of Pathology, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Cleo-Aron Weis
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 13, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany.
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Hobbenaghi R, Mahboob P, Saifzadeh S, Javanbakht J, Manesh JYY, Mortezaee R, Touni SR, Hosseini E, Aghajanshakeri S, Moloudizargari M, Javaherypour S. Histopathological features of bone regeneration in a canine segmental ulnar defect model. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:59. [PMID: 24636669 PMCID: PMC3995496 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-9-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Today, finding an ideal biomaterial to treat the large bone defects, delayed unions and non-unions remains a challenge for orthopaedic surgeions and researchers. Several studies have been carried out on the subject of bone regeneration, each having its own advantages. The present study has been designed in vivo to evaluate the effects of cellular auto-transplantation of tail vertebrae on healing of experimental critical bone defect in a dog model. Methods Six indigenous breeds of dog with 32 ± 3.6 kg average weight from both sexes (5 males and 1 female) received bilateral critical-sized ulnar segmental defects. After determining the health condition, divided to 2 groups: The Group I were kept as control I (n = 1) while in Group II (experimental group; n = 5) bioactive bone implants were inserted. The defects were implanted with either autogeneic coccygeal bone grafts in dogs with 3-4 cm diaphyseal defects in the ulna. Defects were stabilized with internal plate fixation, and the control defects were not stabilized. Animals were euthanized at 16 weeks and analyzed by histopathology. Results Histological evaluation of this new bone at sixteen weeks postoperatively revealed primarily lamellar bone, with the formation of new cortices and normal-appearing marrow elements. And also reformation cortical compartment and reconstitution of marrow space were observed at the graft-host interface together with graft resorption and necrosis responses. Finally, our data were consistent with the osteoconducting function of the tail autograft. Conclusions Our results suggested that the tail vertebrae autograft seemed to be a new source of autogenous cortical bone in order to supporting segmental long bone defects in dogs. Furthermore, cellular autotransplantation was found to be a successful replacement for the tail vertebrae allograft bone at 3-4 cm segmental defects in the canine mid- ulna. Clinical application using graft expanders or bone autotransplantation should be used carefully and requires further investigation. Virtual slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/2028232688119271.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Javad Javanbakht
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.
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Khaki F, Javanbakht J, Sharifzad S, Gharagozlou MJ, Khadivar F, Manesh JYY, Hosseini SH, Anissian A, Touni SR, Gilvari A, Abdi FS. Metastatic ovarian papillary cystadenocarcinoma to the small intestine serous surface: report of a case of high-grade histopathologic malignancy. J Ovarian Res 2014; 7:33. [PMID: 24636424 PMCID: PMC3978096 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-7-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cystadenocarcinoma is characterized by marked heterogeneity and may be composed of an admixture of histologic growth patterns, including acinar, papillary and solid. In the present study, a case of isolated small intestine metastasis of ovarian papillary cystadenocarcinoma was reported. A 7-year-old female mixed-breed dog presented with a mass in the left upper quadrant with progressive enlargement of the abdomen, periodic bloody discharge from the vulva and incontinence. The tumor was histologically characterized by the presence of cysts and proliferation of papillae, both lined by single- or multi-layered pleomorphic epithelial cells. Furthermore, the mass was composed by intense cellular and nuclear pleomorphism and numerous mitotic figures. These findings indicate a tumor of high-grade malignancy with infiterative tumor cells resembling the papillary ovarian tumor in the serosal surface of the small intestine along with an intact serosa. Immunohistochemically, tumor was positive for CK7 and negative immunoreactivity for CK20. The histopathologic features coupled with the CK7 immunoreactivity led to a diagnosis of high grade ovarian papillary cystadenocarcinoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of small intestine serousal surface metastasis from ovarian papillary cystadenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Khaki
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Javanbakht
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samieh Sharifzad
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farshid Khadivar
- Graduate, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Yaghoobi Yeganeh Manesh
- Gradute of Islamic Azad University of Shahrekord, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Seyed Hojjat Hosseini
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate student of Islamic Azad University of Garmsar, Garmsar, Iran
| | - Ali Anissian
- Department of Veterinary, Collage of Agriculture, Abhar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abhar, Iran
| | - Seyed Rashid Touni
- Ph.D Student of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Alireza Gilvari
- Student of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Soghra Abdi
- Science and Research Branch of Tehran, Small Animal Internal Medicine Resident of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Abdi FS, Jamshidi S, Moosakhani F, Sasani F. Detection of Helicobacter spp. DNA in the colonic biopsies of stray dogs: molecular and histopathological investigations. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:50. [PMID: 24602369 PMCID: PMC4045921 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-9-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Virtual Slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1957989294118782.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Soghra Abdi
- Department of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Resident of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), NO,14, Corner of Parvaz 1, Payam Blvd,, Saadat Abad, Tehran, Iran.
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Hosseini E, Pedram B, Bahrami AM, Moghaddam MHJ, Javanbakht J, Ghomi FE, Moghaddam NJ, Koohestani M, Shafiee R. Cutaneous mast cell tumor (Mastocytoma): cyto- histopathological and haematological investigations. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:9. [PMID: 24444100 PMCID: PMC3931493 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-9-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous mast cell tumours (MCTs) are the most common skin tumours in dogs. Due to the prevalence of canine MCTs and the variable biologic behavior of this disease, accurate prognostication and a thorough understanding of MCT biology are critical for the treatment of this disease. A cytologic diagnosis of mast cell tumor with evidence of prior hemorrhage was made, and the masses were surgically removed. Cytological evaluation of fine-needle aspirates from the cutaneous mass from the axillary comprised many well-differentiated, highly granulated mast cells with moderate numbers of eosinophils. Nuclei were varied in size and shape with high nuclear’to’cytoplasmic ratio, prominent nucleoli, marked atypical and mitotic figures. Microscopically, mass consisted of sheets of neoplastic round cells that formed nonencapsulated nodules in the dermis and infiltrated into the adjacent dermal collagen, and also there was diffuse subcutis invasion of round to pleomorphic tumor cells. Tumor cells had moderate to abundant cytoplasm, round to ovoid nuclei with scattered chromatin, and mitotic figures. In this tumor, cytoplasmic granules showed atypical metachromasia. In addition, eosinophils were scattered among the mast cells at the periphery of the nodules. The presence of eosinophils and the observation, at high magnification, of cells with cytoplasmic metachromatic granules. Invasion of the deep subcutaneous fat or cutaneous muscles were a common feature of grade III tumour. Finally, a diagnosis of grade III cutaneous mast cell tumor was made.
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Shafiee R, Javanbakht J, Atyabi N, Bahrami A, Kheradmand D, Safaei R, Khadivar F, Hosseini E. Comparative value of clinical, cytological, and histopathological features in feline mammary gland tumors; an experimental model for the study of human breast cancer. Diagn Pathol 2013; 8:136. [PMID: 23941603 PMCID: PMC3846645 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The diagnosis of breast lesions is usually confirmed by fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) or histological biopsy. Although there is increasing literature regarding the advantages and limitations of both modalities, there is no literature regarding the accuracy of these modalities for diagnosing breast lesions in high-risk patients, who usually have lesions detected by screening. Moreover, few studies have been published regarding the cytopathology of mammary tumors in cats despite widespread use of the animal model for breast cancer formation and inhibition. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic interest of cytological and histopathological analysis in feline mammary tumours (FMTs), in order to evaluate its possible value as an animal model. Methods The study was performed in 3 female cats submitted to surgical resections of mammary tumours. The mammary tumours were excised by simple mastectomy or regional mastectomy, with or without the superficial inguinal lymph nodes. Female cats were of different breeds (1 siamese and 2 persians). Before surgical excision of the tumour, FNA cytology was performed using a 0.4 mm diameter needle attached to a 8 ml syringe held in a standard metal syringe holder. The cytological sample was smeared onto a glass slide and either air-dried for May-Grünwald-stain and masses were surgically removed, the tumours were grossly examined and tissue samples were fixed in 10%-buffered-formalin and embedded in paraffin. Sections 4 μm thick were obtained from each sample and H&E stained. Results Cytologically, atypical epithelial cells coupled to giant nucleus, chromatin anomalies, mitotic figures, spindle shape cells, anisocytosis with anisokaryosis and hyperchromasia were found. Histologically, these tumors are characterized by pleomorphic and polygonal cell population together with mitotic figures, necrotic foci and various numbers inflammatory foci. Also, spindle shaped cells, haemorrhage localized in the different regions, local invasiveness and enlarged nuclei were observed. The samples included 3 tumors of mammary glands mammary tumors were complex carcinomas (n = 2) and adenocarcinoma (n = 1). The histological grades of the 3 cases were as follows: grade II, (1/3); grade III, (2/3) with high mitotic index. The preferential localization of mammary neoplasms was in the inguinal lobe (1/3 case) and abdominal lobes (2/3 cases). Furthermore, 1case of the inguinal mass affected the left caudo-inguinal lobe and 2cases right cranio and caudo abdominal lobes. Conclusion The study concluded that cytology could be used as a quick, rapid, field diagnostic technique in combination with histopathology for the diagnosis of feline mammary tumors (FMTs). Our findings in feline MTs indicate that FMTs could be useful as an animal model of human breast cancer. Moreover, because of the similarity of the cytohistopathological findings in the human and feline mammary gland tumours, it is possible to use the same cytopathological criteria applied in human pathology for the diagnosis of feline mammary gland tumours. Virtual slide The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/2047361423103295
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Affiliation(s)
- Radmehr Shafiee
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.
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