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Liesegang A, Burger B, de Vries de Heekelingen T, Schroeter-Vogt C, Hatt JM, Kowalewski MP, Clauss M. Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) increase caecal calcium absorption at increasing dietary calcium levels. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:185-193. [PMID: 37664966 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Hindgut fermenting herbivores from different vertebrate taxa, including tortoises, and among mammals some afrotheria, perissodactyla incl. equids, several rodents as well as lagomorphs absorb more calcium (Ca) from the digesta than they require, and excrete the surplus via urine. Both proximate and ultimate causes are elusive. It was suggested that this mechanism might ensure phosphorus availability for the hindgut microbiome by removing potentially complex-building Ca from the digesta. Here we use Ussing chamber experiments to show that rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) maintained on four different diets (six animals/diet) increase active Ca absorption at increasing Ca levels. This contradicts the common assumption that at higher dietary levels, where passive uptake should be more prevalent, active transport can relax and hence supports the deliberate removal hypothesis. In the rabbits, this absorption was distinctively higher in the caecum than in the duodenum, which is unexpected in mammals. Additional quantification of the presence of two proteins involved in active Ca absorption (calbindin-D9K CB; vitamin D receptor, VDR) showed higher presence with higher dietary Ca. However, their detailed distribution across the intestinal tract and the diet groups suggests that other factors not investigated in this study must play major roles in Ca absorption in rabbits. Investigating strategies of herbivores to mitigate potential negative effects of Ca in the digesta on microbial activity and growth might represent a promising area of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Liesegang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Burger
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jean-Michel Hatt
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Marcus Clauss
- Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Ranjan R, Das P, Batabyal S, Minj AP. Patterns of calcium channel (TRPV6) expression in rabbit gut epithelium. WORLD RABBIT SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.4995/wrs.2020.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
<p>The present study was undertaken to explore the immunohistochemical localisation of TRPV6 calcium channels in rabbit gut epithelium that are actively involved in calcium absorption. To undertake the research, twelve apparently healthy adult female rabbits with a body weight between 1.0 to 1.5 kg were procured, acclimatised and divided into two groups: control and test. Both groups were kept on same feed along with exogenous calcium supplementation in test group animals only. The serum calcium level revealed that normally a high value of serum calcium is maintained in the rabbit as compared to other mammals, thus indicating that the homeostatic mechanism might be poorly developed. Immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the caecum was the site of maximum calcium absorption in rabbit, followed by the duodenum and jejunum. The expression pattern of TRPV6 protein/mRNA was weaker in test group animals than in the control group, indicating that the channel was functional in low calcium concentration in the gut.</p>
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Wilkens M, Marholt L, Eigendorf N, Muscher-Banse A, Feige K, Schröder B, Breves G, Cehak A. Trans- and paracellular calcium transport along the small and large intestine in horses. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 204:157-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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von Hof J, Sprekeler N, Schuler G, Boos A, Kowalewski MP. Uterine and placental expression of HPGD in cows during pregnancy and release of fetal membranes. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2016; 128-129:17-26. [PMID: 28043888 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (HPGD) plays a key role in prostaglandins (PGs) catabolism. Its expression and activity appear to be regulated by progesterone (P4). We investigated the HPGD mRNA-expression and protein localization in placentomes and interplacental uterine sites throughout gestation (Study I), and after fetal membranes retention (RFM) compared with normally delivered fetal membranes (DFM) (Study II). Furthermore, we analyzed the influence of aglepristone (AP), dexamethasone (GC) or cloprostenol (CP), on HPGD expression in bovine placentomes (Study III). Tissues from late gestation (D272) and at normal term (NT) served as controls. HPGD was highest in all sites at the beginning of pregnancy and at (NT). Following induced parturition HPGD was lower after (AP) and (GC) compared with (NT), and was similar in RFM and DFM. Placentomes stained primarily in fetal compartments; interplacentomal signals were observed in endometrial glandular and luminal epithelium. Results indicate that HPGD may play a role during establishment and termination of gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica von Hof
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Nele Sprekeler
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Gerhard Schuler
- Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Alois Boos
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Mariusz P Kowalewski
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Azarpeykan S, Dittmer KE, Marshall JC, Perera KC, Gee EK, Acke E, Thompson KG. Evaluation and Comparison of Vitamin D Responsive Gene Expression in Ovine, Canine and Equine Kidney. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162598. [PMID: 27632366 PMCID: PMC5025205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the relative abundance and relationship of vitamin D responsive and calcium transporting transcripts (TRPV5, TRPV6, calD9k, calD28k, PMCA, NCX1, CYP27B1, CYP24A1, and VDR) in ovine, canine and, equine kidney using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), and then perform a comparison between the three species. Renal tissue samples were harvested post-mortem from 10 horses, 10 sheep, and five dogs. Primers were designed for each gene. For each sample total RNA was extracted, cDNA synthesised, and RT-qPCR was performed. RT-qPCR data were normalised and statistical comparison was performed. Due to their consistent correlation with each other in each species, TRPV6, calD9k/calD28k, and PMCA appeared to be the main pathways involved in active transepithelial calcium transport in the kidney of sheep, dogs and horses. The results indicate that all of the studied genes were expressed in the renal tissue of studied species, although the expression levels and correlation of transcripts with each other were different from species to species. All vitamin D responsive and calcium transporting transcripts were highly correlated with VDR in equine kidney, but not in sheep and dogs. The CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 mRNAs showed a different renal expression pattern and correlation in horses compared with sheep and dogs. Given the high urinary calcium concentration and low serum 1,25(OH)2D concentration in horses, it could be expected that CYP27B1 expression would be lower than CYP24A1 in the horse, and this did not appear to be the case. The findings suggest that despite low serum vitamin D concentrations, vitamin D still plays a significant role in calcium metabolism in horses, especially given the strong correlations between VDR and vitamin D responsive transcripts in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Azarpeykan
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Science (IVABS), Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
| | - Keren E. Dittmer
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Science (IVABS), Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan C. Marshall
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences (IFS), Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Kalyani C. Perera
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Science (IVABS), Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Erica K. Gee
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Science (IVABS), Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Els Acke
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Science (IVABS), Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Keith G. Thompson
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Science (IVABS), Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Kovács S, Wilkens MR, Liesegang A. Influence of UVB exposure on the vitamin D status and calcium homoeostasis of growing sheep and goats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2015; 99 Suppl S1:1-12. [PMID: 25865417 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVB) on vitamin D status, intestinal calcium absorption and bone metabolism in growing sheep and goats. The hypothesis was that growing sheep and goats are able to synthesise vitamin D within their skin as a result of UVB exposure and that respective consequences for their vitamin D blood levels and the associated parameters can be shown. Fourteen 18-week-old lambs and goat kids were kept in an UVB-free environment and randomly assigned to two groups. One group was daily exposed to UVB (300 watt) for 12 weeks, and the other served as a control group. Except for the exposure to UVB, all animals were kept under the same conditions and fed according to their requirements. Before the start of the experiment and every second week, blood samples were taken. Also the left metatarsus of each animal was analysed by quantitative computer tomography to test for bone mineral status before the start, in week 7 and at the end of the experiment. After 12 weeks, the animals were slaughtered and samples were taken from skin, gastrointestinal tract and kidney for further analyses. In this study, exposure to UVB led to increased serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25VitD) levels in goat kids, whereas in lambs, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25VitD) levels were increased. In both species UVB-exposed animals showed lower 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC) values in skin than their respective control groups. These results indicate that growing goat kids and lambs are able to synthesise vitamin D in the skin when being exposed to UVB.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kovács
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Short-Term Omeprazole Use Does Not Affect Serum Calcium Concentrations and Bone Density in Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zhang J, Deng Y, Ma H, Hou J, Zhou Z. Effect of transient receptor potential vanilloid 6 gene silencing on the expression of calcium transport genes in chicken osteoblasts. Poult Sci 2015; 94:395-401. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/peu071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Sprekeler N, Kowalewski MP, Boos A. TRPV6 and Calbindin-D9k-expression and localization in the bovine uterus and placenta during pregnancy. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2012; 10:66. [PMID: 22931437 PMCID: PMC3489777 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transient receptor potential channel type 6 (TRPV6) and Calbindin-D9k (CaBP-9k) are involved in the active calcium (Ca2+) transport mechanism in many tissues including placenta and uterus, suggesting a role in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Moreover, TRPV6 and CaBP-9k seem to support the materno-fetal Ca2+ transport that is crucial for fetal Ca2+ homeostasis, bone growth and development. However, it is unknown if these proteins are also involved in the aetiology of pathologies associated with parturition in cows, such as retained fetal membranes (RFM). The aim of the current study was to create an expression profile of uterine and placentomal TRPV6 and CaBP-9k mRNAs and proteins during pregnancy and postpartum in cows with and without fetal membrane release. METHODS Uteri and placentomes of 27 cows in different stages of pregnancy and placentomes of cows with and without RFM were collected. Protein and mRNA expression of TRPV6 and CaBP-9k was investigated by real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot. RESULTS In the uterine endometrium, highest TRPV6 and CaBP-9k expression was found in the last trimester of pregnancy, with a particular increase of protein in the glandular epithelium. In the placentomes, a gradual increase in TRPV6 mRNA was detectable towards parturition, while protein expression did not change significantly. Placentomal CaBP-9k expression did not change significantly throughout pregnancy but immunohistochemistry revealed an increase in staining intensity in the maternal crypt epithelium. Immunohistochemical, stronger placental CaBP-9k signals were seen in animals with RFM compared to animals with an undisturbed fetal membrane release, while protein levels, measured by Western blot analyses did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study demonstrate a dynamic expression of TRPV6 and CaBP-9k during pregnancy in the bovine uterine endometrium and placentomes, suggesting a functional role for these proteins in Ca2+ metabolism during pregnancy. The temporal and spatial expression patterns indicate that TRPV6 and CaBP-9k may be involved in materno-fetal Ca2+ transport, mainly through an interplacentomal transport, and that both proteins may participate in physiological processes that are crucial for fetal and placental development. However, neither TRPV6 nor CaBP-9k seem to be causative in the retention of fetal membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Sprekeler
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Mariusz P Kowalewski
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Alois Boos
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
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An J, Zou W, Zhong Y, Zhang X, Wu M, Yu Z, Ye T. The toxic effects of Aroclor 1254 exposure on the osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1 and its molecular mechanism. Toxicology 2012; 295:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Koo TH, Yang H, An BS, Choi KC, Hyun SH, Jeung EB. Calcium transport genes are differently regulated in maternal and fetal placenta in the knockout mice of calbindin-D(9k) and -D(28k). Mol Reprod Dev 2012; 79:346-55. [PMID: 22407925 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Calbindin-D(9k) (CaBP-9k) and -D(28k) (CaBP-28k) are cytosolic proteins with EF-hand motifs that have a high affinity for calcium ions. Many types of calcium channels and intracellular calcium binding proteins, such as sodium/calcium exchangers (NCXs) and transient receptor potential cation channels (TRPVs), have been detected in the placenta. In this study, the expression of calcium channels involved in maternal-fetal calcium transport were investigated in wild-type mice versus CaBP-9k, CaBP-28k, and CaBP-9k/28k double knockout (KO) mouse models. The expression of calcium transport genes in three dissected sections of the placenta (maternal, central, and fetal) was examined on gestational day 19 (GD 19). The expression of CaBP-9k, TRPV6, TRPV5, and NCX1 mRNA was high in fetal compared to maternal placenta, while CaBP-28k was abundant in the maternal placenta. CaBP-9k was enhanced in all sections of placenta in CaBP-28k KO mice, whereas CaBP-28k was reduced in CaBP-9k KO mice. The expression of TRPV6, TRPV5, and NCX1 were induced in both maternal and fetal placentas in CaBP-9k KO mice, but were upregulated in maternal and central placentas of CaBP-28k KO mice. The levels of these proteins showed similar patterns with those of their mRNA. Placental CaBP-9k, TRPV6, TRPV5, and NCX1 proteins were abundantly expressed in the intraplacental yolk sac located in the fetal placenta. CaBP-28k did not colocalize with other calcium transport genes, although it was enriched in the placental trophoblasts of the decidual zone in the maternal placenta. These results indicate that placental TRPV6, TRPV5, and NCX1 compensate for CaBPs in CaBP-9k and/or CaBP-28k KO mice, and may take over the roles of CaBP-9k and CaBP-28k to transfer calcium ions in the placenta. Taken together, these results indicate that TRPV6, NCX1, and CaBP-9k in the fetal placenta and CaBP-28k in the maternal placenta may play key roles in controlling calcium transport across the placenta during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hyoung Koo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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