1
|
Li X, Hu H, Zhu Y, Wang T, Lu Y, Wang X, Peng Z, Sun M, Chen H, Zheng J, Tan C. Population structure and antibiotic resistance of swine extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli from China. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5811. [PMID: 38987310 PMCID: PMC11237156 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50268-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) pose a significant threat to human and animal health. However, the diversity and antibiotic resistance of animal ExPEC, and their connection to human infections, remain largely unexplored. The study performs large-scale genome sequencing and antibiotic resistance testing of 499 swine-derived ExPEC isolates from China. Results show swine ExPEC are phylogenetically diverse, with over 80% belonging to phylogroups B1 and A. Importantly, 15 swine ExPEC isolates exhibit genetic relatedness to human-origin E. coli strains. Additionally, 49 strains harbor toxins typical of enteric E. coli pathotypes, implying hybrid pathotypes. Notably, 97% of the total strains are multidrug resistant, including resistance to critical human drugs like third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins. Correspondingly, genomic analysis unveils prevalent antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), often associated with co-transfer mechanisms. Furthermore, analysis of 20 complete genomes illuminates the transmission pathways of ARGs within swine ExPEC and to human pathogens. For example, the transmission of plasmids co-harboring fosA3, blaCTX-M-14, and mcr-1 genes between swine ExPEC and human-origin Salmonella enterica is observed. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring and controlling ExPEC infections in animals, as they can serve as a reservoir of ARGs with the potential to affect human health or even be the origin of pathogens infecting humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huifeng Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yongwei Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Taiquan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Youlan Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhong Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ming Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinshui Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Chen Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Poor AP, Moreno LZ, Monteiro MS, Matajira CEC, Dutra MC, Leal DF, Silva APS, Gomes VTM, de Souza IO, Araújo KM, Sato MIZ, Moreno AM. Characterization of Escherichia coli Isolated from Sows Presenting Purulent Vulvar Discharge. Microorganisms 2024; 12:123. [PMID: 38257950 PMCID: PMC10820650 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Purulent vulvar discharge is a clinical sign of genitourinary tract infections, which are a significant concern in swine facilities, leading to sow culling and mortality. Escherichia coli is one of the main agents involved in these diseases. This study aimed to characterize the virulence and antimicrobial resistance profiles as well as the phylotype of Escherichia coli strains isolated from sows with purulent vulvar discharge. The results showed that at least 2 of the 29 tested virulence genes related to extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli were present in all strains tested. The most frequent gene was iutA, present in all strains, followed by the genes iucD, csgA, iss2, and irp2. Associations between iron uptake genes, genes related to adhesion, attachment, and serum resistance, as well as genes related to toxin release and bacteriocin, were frequent. The most prevalent phylotype was B1 (40.0%), followed by A (18.5%), D (11.9%), C (9.6%), B2 (7.4%), E (4.4%), F (1.5%), and Clade I (0.7%), with B2 being related to highly virulent traits. The strains presented elevated resistance to antimicrobials such as ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, cephalexin, florfenicol, and ampicillin. More than 90% of the strains were identified as multidrug-resistant, indicating the selection that is induced by the high use of antimicrobials in swine farming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André P. Poor
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (A.P.P.); (L.Z.M.); (M.S.M.); (C.E.C.M.); (M.C.D.); (A.P.S.S.); (V.T.M.G.); (I.O.d.S.); (K.M.A.)
| | - Luisa Z. Moreno
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (A.P.P.); (L.Z.M.); (M.S.M.); (C.E.C.M.); (M.C.D.); (A.P.S.S.); (V.T.M.G.); (I.O.d.S.); (K.M.A.)
| | - Matheus S. Monteiro
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (A.P.P.); (L.Z.M.); (M.S.M.); (C.E.C.M.); (M.C.D.); (A.P.S.S.); (V.T.M.G.); (I.O.d.S.); (K.M.A.)
| | - Carlos E. C. Matajira
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (A.P.P.); (L.Z.M.); (M.S.M.); (C.E.C.M.); (M.C.D.); (A.P.S.S.); (V.T.M.G.); (I.O.d.S.); (K.M.A.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Calle 5 #62-00, Cali 760035, Colombia
| | - Maurício C. Dutra
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (A.P.P.); (L.Z.M.); (M.S.M.); (C.E.C.M.); (M.C.D.); (A.P.S.S.); (V.T.M.G.); (I.O.d.S.); (K.M.A.)
| | - Diego F. Leal
- Department of Animal Production and Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Ana Paula S. Silva
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (A.P.P.); (L.Z.M.); (M.S.M.); (C.E.C.M.); (M.C.D.); (A.P.S.S.); (V.T.M.G.); (I.O.d.S.); (K.M.A.)
| | - Vasco T. M. Gomes
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (A.P.P.); (L.Z.M.); (M.S.M.); (C.E.C.M.); (M.C.D.); (A.P.S.S.); (V.T.M.G.); (I.O.d.S.); (K.M.A.)
| | - Ivan O. de Souza
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (A.P.P.); (L.Z.M.); (M.S.M.); (C.E.C.M.); (M.C.D.); (A.P.S.S.); (V.T.M.G.); (I.O.d.S.); (K.M.A.)
| | - Kawany M. Araújo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (A.P.P.); (L.Z.M.); (M.S.M.); (C.E.C.M.); (M.C.D.); (A.P.S.S.); (V.T.M.G.); (I.O.d.S.); (K.M.A.)
| | - Maria Inês Z. Sato
- Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo (CETESB), Av. Prof. Frederico Hermann Júnior 345, São Paulo 05459-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Andrea M. Moreno
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva 87, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil; (A.P.P.); (L.Z.M.); (M.S.M.); (C.E.C.M.); (M.C.D.); (A.P.S.S.); (V.T.M.G.); (I.O.d.S.); (K.M.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alvarez L, Carhuaricra D, Palomino-Farfan J, Calle S, Maturrano L, Siuce J. Genomic Profiling of Multidrug-Resistant Swine Escherichia coli and Clonal Relationship to Human Isolates in Peru. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1748. [PMID: 38136782 PMCID: PMC10740509 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The misuse of antibiotics is accelerating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Escherichia coli isolated from farm animals. The genomes of ten multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli isolates from pigs were analyzed to determine their sequence types, serotypes, virulence, and AMR genes (ARGs). Additionally, the relationship was evaluated adding all the available genomes of Peruvian E. coli from humans using the cgMLST + HierCC scheme. Two aEPEC O186:H11-ST29 were identified, of which H11 and ST29 are reported in aEPEC isolates from different sources. An isolate ETEC-O149:H10-ST100 was identified, considered a high-risk clone that is frequently reported in different countries as a cause of diarrhea in piglets. One ExPEC O101:H11-ST167 was identified, for which ST167 is an international high-risk clone related to urinary infections in humans. We identified many ARGs, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes, and one ETEC harboring the mcr-1 gene. CgMLST + HierCC analysis differentiated three clusters, and in two, the human isolates were grouped with those of swine in the same cluster. We observed that Peruvian swine MDR E. coli cluster with Peruvian E. coli isolates from healthy humans and from clinical cases, which is of great public health concern and evidence that AMR surveillance should be strengthened based on the One Health approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alvarez
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National University of San Marcos, Lima 15021, Peru; (L.A.); (J.P.-F.); (S.C.)
| | - Dennis Carhuaricra
- Research Group in Biotechnology Applied to Animal Health, Production and Conservation [SANIGEN], Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National University of San Marcos, Lima 15021, Peru; (D.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Joel Palomino-Farfan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National University of San Marcos, Lima 15021, Peru; (L.A.); (J.P.-F.); (S.C.)
| | - Sonia Calle
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National University of San Marcos, Lima 15021, Peru; (L.A.); (J.P.-F.); (S.C.)
| | - Lenin Maturrano
- Research Group in Biotechnology Applied to Animal Health, Production and Conservation [SANIGEN], Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National University of San Marcos, Lima 15021, Peru; (D.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Juan Siuce
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, National University of San Marcos, Lima 15021, Peru; (L.A.); (J.P.-F.); (S.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yin F, Hu Y, Bu Z, Liu Y, Zhang H, Hu Y, Xue Y, Li S, Tan C, Chen X, Li L, Zhou R, Huang Q. Genome-wide identification of genes critical for in vivo fitness of multi-drug resistant porcine extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli by transposon-directed insertion site sequencing using a mouse infection model. Virulence 2023; 14:2158708. [PMID: 36537189 PMCID: PMC9828833 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2158708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is an important zoonotic pathogen. Recently, ExPEC has been reported to be an emerging problem in pig farming. However, the mechanism of pathogenicity of porcine ExPEC remains to be revealed. In this study, we constructed a transposon (Tn) mutagenesis library covering Tn insertion in over 72% of the chromosome-encoded genes of a virulent and multi-drug resistant porcine ExPEC strain PCN033. By using a mouse infection model, a transposon-directed insertion site sequencing (TraDIS) assay was performed to identify in vivo fitness factors. By comparing the Tn insertion frequencies between the input Tn library and the recovered library from different organs, 64 genes were identified to be involved in fitness during systemic infection. 15 genes were selected and individual gene deletion mutants were constructed. The in vivo fitness was evaluated by using a competitive infection assay. Among them, ΔfimG was significantly outcompeted by the WT strain in vivo and showed defective adhesion to host cells. rfa which was involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis was shown to be critical for in vivo fitness which may have resulted from its role in the resistance to serum killing. In addition, several metabolic genes including fepB, sdhC, fepG, gltS, dcuA, ccmH, ddpD, narU, glpD, malM, and yabL and two regulatory genes metJ and baeS were shown as important determinants of in vivo fitness of porcine ExPEC. Collectively, this study performed a genome-wide screening for in vivo fitness factors which will be important for understanding the pathogenicity of porcine ExPEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Hu
- College of Animal Sciences & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zixuan Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yawen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Ministry of Science and Technology, International Research Center for Animal Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiabing Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Ministry of Science and Technology, International Research Center for Animal Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Ministry of Science and Technology, International Research Center for Animal Disease, Wuhan, China,The HZAU-HVSEN Institute, Wuhan, China,CONTACT Rui Zhou
| | - Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Ministry of Science and Technology, International Research Center for Animal Disease, Wuhan, China,Qi Huang
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu C, Feng C, Duan Y, Wang P, Peng C, Li Z, Yu L, Liu M, Wang F. Ecological risk under the dual threat of heavy metals and antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli in swine-farming wastewater in Shandong Province, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 319:120998. [PMID: 36603760 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mineral elements and antibiotic-resistant bacterial pollutants in livestock and poultry farms' wastewater are often sources of ecological and public health problems. To understand the heavy-metal pollution status and the characteristics of drug-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) in swine-farm wastewater in Shandong Province and to provide guidance for the rational use of mineral-element additives, common antibiotics, and quaternary ammonium compound disinfectants on swine farms, 10 mineral elements were measured and E. coli isolated from wastewater and its resistance to 29 commonly used antibiotics and resistance genes was determined. Finally, phylogenetic and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) analyses was performed on E. coli. The results showed serious pollution from iron and zinc, with a comprehensive pollution index of 708.94 and 3.13, respectively. It is worth noting that average iron levels in 75% (12/16) of the districts exceed allowable limits. Multidrug-resistant E. coli were found in every city of the province. The E. coli isolated from swine-farm wastewater were mainly resistant to tetracyclines (95.3%), chloramphenicol (77.8%), and sulfonamides (62.2%), while antibiotic resistance genes for quinolones, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, and β-lactams were all more than 60%. The clonal complex 10 (CC10) was prevalent, and ST10 and ST48 were dominant in E. coli isolates. Multidrug-resistant E. coli were widely distributed, with mainly A genotypes. However, the mechanism of the effect of iron on antibiotic resistance needs more study in this area. Thus, further strengthening the prevention and control of iron and zinc pollution and standardizing the use of antibiotics and mineral element additives in the swine industry are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China.
| | - Chenglian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, PR China
| | - Yuanpeng Duan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China
| | - Chong Peng
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China
| | - Zixuan Li
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China
| | - Lanping Yu
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China
| | - Mengda Liu
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, 266032, PR China
| | - Fangkun Wang
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pan X, Chen R, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Zhao J, Yao H, Ma J. Porcine extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli delivers two serine protease autotransporters coordinately optimizing the bloodstream infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1138801. [PMID: 36875517 PMCID: PMC9978103 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1138801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is one of the leading causes of bloodstream infections in a broad spectrum of birds and mammals, thus poses a great threat to public health, while its underlying mechanism causing sepsis is not fully understood. Here we reported a high virulent ExPEC strain PU-1, which has a robust ability to colonize within host bloodstream, while induced a low level of leukocytic activation. Two serine protease autotransporters of Enterobacteriaceae (SPATEs), VatPU-1 and TshPU-1, were found to play critical roles for the urgent blood infection of strain PU-1. Although the Vat and Tsh homologues have been identified as virulence factors of ExPEC, their contributions to bloodstream infection are still unclear. In this study, VatPU-1 and TshPU-1 were verified to interact with the hemoglobin (a well-known mucin-like glycoprotein in red blood cell), degrade the mucins of host respiratory tract, and cleave the CD43 (a major cell surface component sharing similar O-glycosylated modifications with other glycoprotein expressed on leukocytes), suggesting that these two SPATEs have the common activity to cleave a broad array of mucin-like O-glycoproteins. These cleavages significantly impaired the chemotaxis and transmigration of leukocytes, and then inhibited the activation of diverse immune responses coordinately, especially downregulated the leukocytic and inflammatory activation during bloodstream infection, thus might mediate the evasion of ExPEC from immune clearance of blood leukocytes. Taken together, these two SPATEs play critical roles to cause a heavy bacterial load within bloodstream via immunomodulation of leukocytes, which provides a more comprehensive understanding how ExPEC colonize within host bloodstream and cause severe sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Pan
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Office International Des (OIE) Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Office International Des (OIE) Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yating Zhang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Office International Des (OIE) Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinchu Zhu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Yuxi Agriculture Vocation-Technical College, Yuxi, China
| | - Huochun Yao
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Office International Des (OIE) Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiale Ma
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Office International Des (OIE) Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jiale Ma,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hu J, Wang D, Huang X, Yang Y, Lian X, Wang W, Xu X, Liu Y. Effects of TolC on the pathogenicity of porcine extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli. Front Immunol 2022; 13:929740. [PMID: 36059454 PMCID: PMC9433895 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.929740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is a well-known critical pathogenic zoonosis that causes extraintestinal infections in humans and animals by affecting their immune organs. Recently, research on the outer membrane protein of E. coli, tolerant colicin (TolC), a virulent protein in the formation of the ExPEC efflux pump, has been an attractive subject. However, the pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the role of TolC in the pathogenesis of the ExPEC strain PPECC42; a complementation strain (Cm-TolC) and an isogenic mutant (ΔTolC) were constructed. Loss of TolC drastically impaired the virulence of ExPEC in an experimental mouse model. ΔTolC showed a substantial decrease in the porcine aortic vascular endothelial cell (PAVEC) adherence, invasion, and pro-inflammatory response, in contrast to that of the wild type, with a reduced survival ratio in both the bacterial load and whole blood in mice. ΔTolC also showed decreased expression of necroptosis signals such as receptor-interacting protein kinase 1, phosphorylated mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein, and mitochondrial proteins such as phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5. Our data suggest that TolC is closely associated with ExPEC pathogenesis. These results provide scientific grounds for exploring the potential of TolC as an effective drug target for controlling ExPEC infection, screening new inhibitors, and developing new drugs. This will allow for further prevention and control of ExPEC infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingfa Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Lian
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yulan Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang B, Zhao W, Gao B, Shan C, Wang X, Wan Q, Deng J, Cha J, Chen B, Han D, Gao L, Ao P, Zhao R, Xiao P, Lv L, Gao H. Whole Genome Sequencing and Biological Characteristics of Two Strains of Porcine Escherichia coli Isolated from Saba Pigs. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:182. [PMID: 35508821 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02873-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an important pathogen that causes diarrhea and death in piglets. In this work, whole genome sequencing of two E. coli strains (ZB-1, ZWW-1) isolated from Saba pigs. And focus on the relationship between drug resistance, pathogenic phenotype and genotype of the two strains. This study analyzed the drug susceptibility of the two strains. The LD50 values, tissue bacterial load and intestinal pathological changes in mice infected with the two strains. The differences in gene functions such as drug resistance, virulence, and unique genes between the two strains, as well as the genetic evolutionary relationship of housekeeping genes were analyzed. The results showed that the two strains had the same resistance phenotype to most drugs. The LD50 value, tissue load, and pathological changes in mice infected with strain ZB-1 revealed that this strain was more virulent and pathogenic than strain ZWW-1. In addition, the housekeeping genes contained in the two strains are in the same large branch as E. coli of different species, and the genetic evolution is stable. All of them carry EPEC-type strain-specific virulence genes escV and ent, indicating that they are all new members of EPEC-type strains. This study laid the foundation for understanding the genetic background and biological characteristics of E. coli from Saba pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Bin Gao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Chunlan Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Quan Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jinglong Cha
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Bingxun Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Dongmei Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Libo Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Pingxing Ao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ru Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.
| | - Longbao Lv
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
| | - Hong Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cheng P, Yang Y, Zhang J, Li F, Li X, Liu H, Ishfaq M, Xu G, Zhang X. Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Profiles of mcr-1-Positive Escherichia coli Isolated from Swine Farms in Heilongjiang Province of China. J Food Prot 2020; 83:2209-2215. [PMID: 32730609 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The emergence and global distribution of the mcr-1 gene for colistin resistance have become a public concern because of threats to the role of colistin as the last line of defense against some bacteria. Because of the prevalence of mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli isolates in food animals, production of these animals has been regarded as one of the major sources of amplification and spread of mcr-1. In this study, 249 E. coli isolates were recovered from 300 fecal samples collected from swine farms in Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China. Susceptibility testing revealed that 186 (74.70%) of these isolates were colistin resistant, and 86 were positive for mcr-1. The mcr-1-positive isolates had extensive antimicrobial resistance profiles and additional resistance genes, including blaTEM, blaCTX-M, aac3-IV, tet(A), floR, sul1, sul2, sul3, and oqxAB. No mutations in genes pmrAB and mgrB were associated with colistin resistance. Phylogenetic group analysis revealed that the mcr-1-positive E. coli isolates belonged to groups A (52.33% of isolates), B1 (33.72%), B2 (5.81%), and D (8.14%). The prevalence of the virulence-associated genes iutA, iroN, fimH, vat, ompA, and traT was moderate. Seven mcr-1-positive isolates were identified as extraintestinal pathogenic. Among 20 mcr-1-positive E. coli isolates, multilocus sequence typing revealed that sequence type 10 was the most common (five isolates). The conjugation assays revealed that the majority of mcr-1 genes were transferable at frequencies of 7.05 × 10-7 to 7.57 × 10-4. The results of this study indicate the need for monitoring and minimizing the further dissemination of mcr-1 among E. coli isolates in food animals, particularly swine. HIGHLIGHTS
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Cheng
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Pharmacology Teaching and Research Department, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongqing Road, University Town, Huaxi District, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchuan Zhang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fulei Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofeng Xu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuying Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Faculty of Basic Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dalmutt AC, Moreno LZ, Gomes VTM, Cunha MPV, Barbosa MRF, Sato MIZ, Knöbl T, Pedroso AC, Moreno AM. Characterization of bacterial contaminants of boar semen: identification by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and antimicrobial susceptibility profiling. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2020.1848845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andressa C. Dalmutt
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Paraná, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luisa Z. Moreno
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vasco T. M. Gomes
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos P. V. Cunha
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Terezinha Knöbl
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea M. Moreno
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ma J, Cheng Z, Bai Q, Zhao K, Pan Z, Yao H. Screening virulence factors of porcine extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (an emerging pathotype) required for optimal growth in swine blood. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:2005-2016. [PMID: 32969570 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Porcine extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is occurring with increasing frequency in China, which causes acute septicemia and sudden death in pigs leading to significant economic losses. Bacterial survival and even proliferation within host bloodstream are a common manifestation of a number of bacterial septicemias, including porcine ExPEC diseases. However, the underlying pathogenesis for this novel pathotype of ExPEC has not been explored deeply. Here, we used a conjunction with transposon mutagenesis to identify the mechanisms of bacterial fitness involved in optimal growth of porcine ExPEC in swine serum ex vivo under static culture. Our work identified 28 genes involved in nucleotide biosynthesis, extracellular polysaccharide biosynthesis, regulators Fur and FNR, acid/zinc resistance, and Deley-Douderoff carbon metabolism that are required for the serum fitness. Subsequent functional analyses revealed that either interruption of de novo nucleotide biosynthesis or blocking of several extracellular polysaccharide biosynthesis including O2-antigen, Lipid A-core, and ECA significantly affect porcine ExPEC's growth in swine serum and proliferation in host bloodstream. Furthermore, the reasonable regulations of iron and anaerobic metabolisms in response to host stimuli by global regulators Fur and FNR also play key roles during systemic infection of porcine ExPEC. These findings provide compelling evidences that de novo nucleotide biosynthesis may enable porcine ExPEC to adapt to swine blood-specific nutrient availability, and the effective assembly of O-antigen, lipid A-core, and ECA is required to resist the bactericidal activity of swine serum. These studies contribute to better understand the underlying mechanisms employed by porcine ExPEC to survive, grow in the swine bloodstream, and cause disease. These related factors may serve as therapeutic targets for countering or preventing ExPEC serum resistance in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Ma
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixin Cheng
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiankun Bai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Kejie Zhao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Zihao Pan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Huochun Yao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ma J, Pan X, Zhong X, Bai Q, Liu G, Yao H. Preferential use of carbon central metabolism and anaerobic respiratory chains in porcine extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli during bloodstream infection. Vet Microbiol 2020; 249:108830. [PMID: 32920372 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Porcine extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is occurring with increasing frequency in China, and leads to significant economic and welfare costs in the swine industry. The underlying mechanisms of porcine ExPEC in blood colonization during systematic infection is poorly understood. Here we measured the gene expression of porcine ExPEC in infected animal bloodstream in vivo and fresh swine blood in vitro. Using comparisons with P values of ≤ 0.01, we identified 354 and 313 genes as being significantly up- or down-regulated at least 2-fold change during bloodstream infection, respectively. Excepting for an array of iron acquisition systems, numerous genes involved in carbon central metabolism and anaerobic respiratory chains were upregulated here. These genes were categorized into several clusters including the TCA-cycle (frdABCD, citCEFXG), d-ribose transporter (rbsDACB), nickel transporter (nikABCDER), NiFe hydrogenase (hybOABCDEF, hycBCDEFG), Hyp-complex (hypABCDE), DMSO reductase (dmsABC and ynfEFGHI), format dehydrogenase (fdnGHI) and NADH dehydrogenase I (nuoA-N). The mutant with simultaneous inactivation of ribose and citrate imports showed significant reduced fitness in host blood, suggesting these two carbohydrates are utilized by central metabolism network as important carbon-source during bloodstream infection. Similar deficiency was also observed in the mutant double deleted NiFe hydrogenase 2 and 3 anaerobic respiratory chains. Further study found that FNR (a global regulator facilitating bacterial adaptation to anaerobic conditions) is an important regulator in response to bloodstream to activate center metabolism and anaerobic respiratory chains, thus contribute to the full-virulence of porcine ExPEC. These findings provide compelling evidence to support the notion that carbon central metabolism network and anaerobic respiratory chains play key roles for porcine ExPEC fitness within host bloodstream.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Ma
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinming Pan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhong
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qiankun Bai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guangjin Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huochun Yao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Whole Genome Sequencing Analysis of Porcine Faecal Commensal Escherichia coli Carrying Class 1 Integrons from Sows and Their Offspring. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8060843. [PMID: 32512857 PMCID: PMC7355456 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive pig production systems often rely on the use of antimicrobials and heavy metal feed additives to maintain animal health and welfare. To gain insight into the carriage of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in the faecal flora of commercially reared healthy swine, we characterised the genome sequences of 117 porcine commensal E. coli that carried the class 1 integrase gene (intI1+). Isolates were sourced from 42 healthy sows and 126 of their offspring from a commercial breeding operation in Australia in 2017. intI1+ E. coli was detected in 28/42 (67%) sows and 90/126 (71%) piglets. Phylogroup A, particularly clonal complex 10, and phylogroup B1 featured prominently in the study collection. ST10, ST20, ST48 and ST361 were the dominant sequence types. Notably, 113/117 isolates (96%) carried three or more ARGs. Genes encoding resistance to -lactams, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, sulphonamides, tetracyclines and heavy metals were dominant. ARGs encoding resistance to last-line agents, such as carbapenems and third generation cephalosporins, were not detected. IS26, an insertion sequence noted for its ability to capture and mobilise ARGs, was present in 108/117 (92%) intI1+ isolates, and it played a role in determining class 1 integron structure. Our data shows that healthy Australian pig faeces are an important reservoir of multidrug resistant E. coli that carry genes encoding resistance to multiple first-generation antibiotics and virulence-associated genes.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zheng B, Feng C, Xu H, Yu X, Guo L, Jiang X, Song X. Detection and characterization of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli expressing mcr-1 from dairy cows in China. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 74:321-325. [PMID: 30418551 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the prevalence and molecular characteristics of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) in faecal samples from dairy cows in China. Methods In total, 651 faecal samples were collected from cows distributed among the 10 provinces of China. Potential ESBL-EC isolates were cultured on selective medium. The clonal relatedness of the ESBL-EC isolates was assessed using MLST. WGS was conducted on 3 mcr-positive isolates and 14 additional randomly selected ESBL-EC isolates. Southern blot, S1-PFGE and conjugation were performed for mcr-1-carrying isolates. The genetic environment of the pMCR-JLF4 plasmid was also analysed. Results In total, 290 unique ESBL-EC isolates were detected from 284 cows (43.6%). Alleles of CTX-M were observed in 94.1% (273/290) of all isolates. The most prevalent genotypes observed in this study were blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-17 and blaCTX-M-55. Differentiation of 79 STs with a polyclonal structure was accomplished using MLST. Clonal complex 10 was the most prevalent major complex detected here. Furthermore, the mcr-1 gene was detected in three isolates. The complete sequence of the mcr-1-containing pMCR-JLF4 was determined. The plasmid was 66.7 kb in length, with a genetic structure of nikA-nikB-mcr-1-pap2. Conjugation analysis confirmed that the mcr-1 gene in pMCR-JLF4 was transferable without the assistance of the ISApl1 gene. Conclusions The data presented here suggest high prevalence of ESBL-EC in Chinese cow farms. Furthermore, it was clearly demonstrated that commensal E. coli strains can be reservoirs of blaCTX-M genes, potentially contributing to the dissemination and transfer of the mcr-1 gene to pathogenic bacteria among cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beiwen Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Feng
- Institute of Animal Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiawei Jiang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Song
- China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Extended Phylogeny and Extraintestinal Virulence Potential of Commensal Escherichia coli from Piglets and Sows. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17010366. [PMID: 31935799 PMCID: PMC6981902 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Commensal Escherichia coli, naturally occurring in the intestinal tract, can be the origin of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) strains. ExPEC causes high mortality and significant economic losses in the swine industry in several countries and poses a serious threat to public health worldwide. The aim of this study was to analyze the extended phylogenetic structure and extraintestinal virulence potential in two groups of commensal E. coli isolates from post-weaning piglets and sows. The phylogenetic assignment to eight groups was determined using the revised Clermont phylogenetic typing method in quadruplex PCR. Identification of extraintestinal virulence genes (VGs) and adhesin operon genes was performed using multiplex or simplex PCR. The revised phylogenetic assignment allowed us to distinguish E. coli with significantly higher (groups C and F) or lower (group E) virulence potential in isolates from piglets. The majority of the tested VGs occurred more frequently in isolates from piglets than from sows, with statistically significant differences for seven genes: fimH, papAH, iutA, iroN, ompT, traT, and iss. Complete operons for type I and P fimbriae significantly prevailed among E. coli from piglets. This study provides insight into the extended phylogenetic structure of porcine commensal E. coli and showed that these strains, particularly from piglets, constitute a considerable reservoir of extraintestinal VGs and may increase the potential risk of extraintestinal infections.
Collapse
|
16
|
Peng Z, Liang W, Hu Z, Li X, Guo R, Hua L, Tang X, Tan C, Chen H, Wang X, Wu B. O-serogroups, virulence genes, antimicrobial susceptibility, and MLST genotypes of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from swine and cattle in Central China. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:427. [PMID: 31783837 PMCID: PMC6883634 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a leading cause of worldwide food-borne and waterborne infections. Despite an increase in the number of STEC outbreaks, there is a lack of data on prevalence of STEC at the farm level, distribution of serogroups, and virulence factors. Results In the present study, a total of 91 (6.16%) STEC strains were isolated from 1477 samples including pig intestines, pig feces, cattle feces, milk, and water from dairy farms. The isolation rates of STEC strains from pig intestines, pig feces, and cattle feces were 7.41% (32/432), 4.38% (21/480), and 9.57% (38/397), respectively. No STEC was isolated from the fresh milk and water samples. By O-serotyping methods, a total of 30 types of O-antigens were determined, and the main types were O100, O97, O91, O149, O26, O92, O102, O157, and O34. Detection of selected virulence genes (stx1, stx2, eae, ehxA, saa) revealed that over 94.51% (86/91) of the isolates carried more than two types of virulence associated genes, and approximately 71.43% (65/91) of the isolates carried both stx1 and stx2, simultaneously. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests showed that most of the STEC isolates were susceptible to ofloxacin and norfloxacin, but showed resistance to tetracycline, kanamycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, amoxicillin, and ampicillin. MLST determined 13 categories of sequence types (STs), and ST297 (31.87%; 29/91) was the most dominant clone. This clone displayed a close relationship to virulent strains STEC ST678 (O104: H4). The prevalence of ST297 clones should receive more attentions. Conclusions Our preliminary data revealed that a heterogeneous group of STEC is present, but the non-O157 serogroups and some ST clones such as ST297 should receive more attentions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zizhe Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaosong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Rui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lin Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xibiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Bin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Johanns VC, Ghazisaeedi F, Epping L, Semmler T, Lübke-Becker A, Pfeifer Y, Bethe A, Eichhorn I, Merle R, Walther B, Wieler LH. Effects of a Four-Week High-Dosage Zinc Oxide Supplemented Diet on Commensal Escherichia coli of Weaned Pigs. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2734. [PMID: 31849886 PMCID: PMC6892955 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Strategies to reduce economic losses associated with post-weaning diarrhea in pig farming include high-level dietary zinc oxide supplementation. However, excessive usage of zinc oxide in the pig production sector was found to be associated with accumulation of multidrug resistant bacteria in these animals, presenting an environmental burden through contaminated manure. Here we report on zinc tolerance among a random selection of intestinal Escherichia coli comprising of different antibiotic resistance phenotypes and sampling sites isolated during a controlled feeding trial from 16 weaned piglets: In total, 179 isolates from "pigs fed with high zinc concentrations" (high zinc group, [HZG]: n = 99) and a corresponding "control group" ([CG]: n = 80) were investigated with regard to zinc tolerance, antimicrobial- and biocide susceptibilities by determining minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). In addition, in silico whole genome screening (WGSc) for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) as well as biocide- and heavy metal tolerance genes was performed using an in-house BLAST-based pipeline. Overall, porcine E. coli isolates showed three different ZnCl2 MICs: 128 μg/ml (HZG, 2%; CG, 6%), 256 μg/ml (HZG, 64%; CG, 91%) and 512 μg/ml ZnCl2 (HZG, 34%, CG, 3%), a unimodal distribution most likely reflecting natural differences in zinc tolerance associated with different genetic lineages. However, a selective impact of the zinc-rich supplemented diet seems to be reasonable, since the linear mixed regression model revealed a statistically significant association between "higher" ZnCl2 MICs and isolates representing the HZG as well as "lower ZnCl2 MICs" with isolates of the CG (p = 0.005). None of the zinc chloride MICs was associated with a particular antibiotic-, heavy metal- or biocide- tolerance/resistance phenotype. Isolates expressing the 512 μg/ml MIC were either positive for ARGs conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, or harbored no ARGs at all. Moreover, WGSc revealed a ubiquitous presence of zinc homeostasis and - detoxification genes, including zitB, zntA, and pit. In conclusion, we provide evidence that zinc-rich supplementation of pig feed selects for more zinc tolerant E. coli, including isolates harboring ARGs and biocide- and heavy metal tolerance genes - a putative selective advantage considering substances and antibiotics currently used in industrial pork production systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa C Johanns
- Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy (ZBS-4), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fereshteh Ghazisaeedi
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lennard Epping
- Microbial Genomics (NG1), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Semmler
- Microbial Genomics (NG1), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antina Lübke-Becker
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yvonne Pfeifer
- Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Astrid Bethe
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Inga Eichhorn
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roswitha Merle
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Walther
- Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy (ZBS-4), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bosák J, Hrala M, Pirková V, Micenková L, Čížek A, Smola J, Kučerová D, Vacková Z, Budinská E, Koláčková I, Šmajs D. Porcine pathogenic Escherichia coli strains differ from human fecal strains in occurrence of bacteriocin types. Vet Microbiol 2019; 232:121-127. [PMID: 31030835 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic and Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (i.e., ETEC and STEC) are important causative agents of human and animal diseases. In humans, infections range from mild diarrhea to severe life-threating conditions, while infections of piglets result in lower weight gain and higher pig mortality with the accompanying significant economic losses. In this study, frequencies of four phylogenetic groups, fourteen virulence- and thirty bacteriocin determinants were analyzed in a set of 443 fecal E. coli isolates from diseased pigs and compared to a previously characterized set of 1283 human fecal E. coli isolates collected in the same geographical region. In addition, these characteristics were compared among ETEC, STEC, and non-toxigenic porcine E. coli isolates. Phylogenetic group A was prevalent among porcine pathogenic E. coli isolates, whereas the frequency of phylogroup B2, adhesion/invasion (fimA, pap, sfa, afaI, ial, ipaH, and pCVD432) and iron acquisition (aer and iucC) determinants were less frequent compared to human fecal isolates. Additionally, porcine isolates differed from human isolates relative to the spectrum of produced bacteriocins. While human fecal isolates encoded colicins and microcins with a similar prevalence, porcine pathogenic E. coli isolates produced predominantly colicins (94% of isolates); especially colicins B (42.6%), M (40.1%), and Ib (34.0%), which are encoded on large conjugative plasmids. The observed high prevalence of these colicin determinants suggests the importance of large colicinogenic plasmids and/or the importance of colicin production in intestinal inflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Bosák
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Matěj Hrala
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Viktória Pirková
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Micenková
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alois Čížek
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Smola
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Eva Budinská
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - David Šmajs
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Reid CJ, Wyrsch ER, Roy Chowdhury P, Zingali T, Liu M, Darling AE, Chapman TA, Djordjevic SP. Porcine commensal Escherichia coli: a reservoir for class 1 integrons associated with IS26. Microb Genom 2019; 3. [PMID: 29306352 PMCID: PMC5761274 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine faecal waste is a serious environmental pollutant. Carriage of antimicrobial-resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence-associated genes (VAGs), and the zoonotic potential of commensal Escherichia coli from swine are largely unknown. Furthermore, little is known about the role of commensal E. coli as contributors to the mobilization of ARGs between food animals and the environment. Here, we report whole-genome sequence analysis of 103 class 1 integron-positive E. coli from the faeces of healthy pigs from two commercial production facilities in New South Wales, Australia. Most strains belonged to phylogroups A and B1, and carried VAGs linked with extraintestinal infection in humans. The 103 strains belonged to 37 multilocus sequence types and clonal complex 10 featured prominently. Seventeen ARGs were detected and 97 % (100/103) of strains carried three or more ARGs. Heavy-metal-resistance genes merA, cusA and terA were also common. IS26 was observed in 98 % (101/103) of strains and was often physically associated with structurally diverse class 1 integrons that carried unique genetic features, which may be tracked. This study provides, to our knowledge, the first detailed genomic analysis and point of reference for commensal E. coli of porcine origin in Australia, facilitating tracking of specific lineages and the mobile resistance genes they carry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron J Reid
- 1The i3 institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Ethan R Wyrsch
- 1The i3 institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Piklu Roy Chowdhury
- 1The i3 institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Tiziana Zingali
- 1The i3 institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Michael Liu
- 1The i3 institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Aaron E Darling
- 1The i3 institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Toni A Chapman
- 2NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth MacArthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia
| | - Steven P Djordjevic
- 1The i3 institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Spindola MG, Cunha MPV, Moreno LZ, Amigo CR, Silva APS, Parra BM, Poor AP, de Oliveira CH, Perez BP, Knöbl T, Moreno AM. Genetic diversity, virulence genotype and antimicrobial resistance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolated from sows. Vet Q 2018; 38:79-87. [PMID: 30362902 PMCID: PMC6831001 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2018.1519321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI) cause severe losses to the swine industry worldwide and uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are the main agent isolated from UTI in sows. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the virulence genes, assess the phylogenetic background, clonal diversity, and the pattern of resistance to antimicrobials in 186 isolates of UPEC isolated from sows in Brazil. Materials and methods: Urine samples from 300 sows of three herds with clinical signs from São Paulo State (Brazil) were screened for UTI; samples with suggestive results were submitted to bacterial isolation. E. coli strains isolated were characterized using disk diffusion technique, polymerase chain reaction and Single-enzyme amplification fragment length polymorphism (SE-AFLP). Results: Virulence genes focH and papC were present in 78.5% and 58% of strains, respectively, followed by cnf1 (23.2%), afa (13.4%), sfa (11.3%), iucD (6.9%), and hlyA (1.6%). No clonal relatedness was found by SE-AFLP. A total of 98% of isolates (182/186) were multidrug resistant, and the highest levels of resistance were to sulfonamides, tetracycline, florfenicol, and ampicillin. Isolates were classified in phylogenetic group B1 (34.4%), followed by D (33.9%), E (30.1%) and A (1.6%). Conclusions: The data obtained suggest that pigs from clinically affected herds may serve as a reservoir of uropathogenic and multidrug-resistant E. coli strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Spindola
- a Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Marcos P V Cunha
- a Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Luisa Z Moreno
- a Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Cristina R Amigo
- a Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Ana P S Silva
- a Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Beatriz M Parra
- a Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - André P Poor
- a Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Carolina H de Oliveira
- a Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Barbara P Perez
- a Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Terezinha Knöbl
- a Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Andrea M Moreno
- a Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ma J, An C, Jiang F, Yao H, Logue C, Nolan LK, Li G. Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli increase extracytoplasmic polysaccharide biosynthesis for serum resistance in response to bloodstream signals. Mol Microbiol 2018; 110:689-706. [PMID: 29802751 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is one of the leading causes of bloodstream infections. Characteristically, these organisms exhibit strong resistance to the bactericidal action of host serum. Although numerous serum resistance factors in ExPEC have been identified, their regulatory mechanisms during in vivo infection remain largely unknown. Here, RNA sequencing analyses together with quantitative reverse-transcription PCR revealed that ExPEC genes involved in the biosynthesis of extracytoplasmic polysaccharides (ECPs) including K-capsule, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), colanic acid, peptidoglycan and Yjb exopolysaccharides were significantly upregulated in response to serum under low oxygen conditions and during bloodstream infection. The oxygen sensor FNR directly activated the expression of K-capsule and colanic acid and also indirectly modulated the expression of colanic acid, Yjb exopolysaccharides and peptidoglycan via the known Rcs regulatory system. The global regulator Fur directly or indirectly repressed the expression ofECP biosynthesis genes in iron replete media, whereas the low iron conditions in the bloodstream could relieve Fur repression. Using in vitro and animal models, FNR, Fur and the Rcs system were confirmed as contributing to ExPEC ECP production, serum resistance and virulence. Altogether, these findings indicated that the global regulators FNR andFur and the signaling transduction system Rcs coordinately regulated the expression of ECP biosynthesis genes leading to increased ExPEC serum resistance in response to low oxygen and low iron levels in the bloodstream.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Ma
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Chunxia An
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fengwei Jiang
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Huochun Yao
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Catherine Logue
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Lisa K Nolan
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Ganwu Li
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 678 Haping Street, Harbin, 150069, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Reid CJ, DeMaere MZ, Djordjevic SP. Australian porcine clonal complex 10 (CC10) Escherichia coli belong to multiple sublineages of a highly diverse global CC10 phylogeny. Microb Genom 2018; 5. [PMID: 30303480 PMCID: PMC6487311 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently identified clonal complex 10 (CC10) Escherichia coli as the predominant clonal group in two populations of healthy Australian food-production pigs. CC10 are highly successful, colonizing humans, food-production animals, fresh produce and environmental niches. Furthermore, E. coli within CC10 are frequently drug resistant and increasingly reported as human and animal extra-intestinal pathogens. In order to develop a high-resolution global phylogeny and determine the repertoire of antimicrobial-resistance genes, virulence-associated genes and plasmid types within this clonal group, we downloaded 228 publicly available CC10 short-read genome sequences for comparison with 20 porcine CC10 we have previously described. Core genome single nucleotide polymorphism phylogeny revealed a highly diverse global phylogeny consisting of multiple lineages that did not cluster by geography or source of the isolates. Australian porcine strains belonged to several of these divergent lineages, indicative that CC10 is present in these animals due to multiple colonization events. Differences in resistance gene and plasmid carriage between porcine strains and the global collection highlighted the role of lateral gene transfer in the evolution of CC10 strains. Virulence profiles typical of extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli were present in both Australian porcine strains and the broader collection. As both the core phylogeny and accessory gene characteristics appeared unrelated to the geography or source of the isolates, it is likely that the global expansion of CC10 is not a recent event and may be associated with faecal carriage in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron J Reid
- The i3 institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Matthew Z DeMaere
- The i3 institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Steven P Djordjevic
- The i3 institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li B, Huang Q, Cui A, Liu X, Hou B, Zhang L, Liu M, Meng X, Li S. Overexpression of Outer Membrane Protein X (OmpX) Compensates for the Effect of TolC Inactivation on Biofilm Formation and Curli Production in Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC). Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:208. [PMID: 29988395 PMCID: PMC6024092 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study showed that the inactivation of the efflux pump TolC could abolish biofilm formation and curli production of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) strain PPECC42 under hyper-osmotic conditions. In this study we investigated the role of OmpX in biofilm formation and curli production of ExPEC PPECC42. Our data showed that OmpX disruption or overexpression didn't significantly affect the biofilm formation and curli production of the wild-type strain. However, in the tolC-deleted mutant, overexpressing OmpX suppressed the effect of TolC inactivation on ExPEC biofilm formation and curli production under hyper-osmotic growth conditions. Real-time qRT-PCR confirmed that OmpX overexpression affected curli production by regulating the transcription of the curli biosynthesis-related genes in the ΔtolC strain. Our findings suggest that OmpX is involved in biofilm formation and curli production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binyou Li
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ailian Cui
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Hou
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianrong Meng
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaowen Li
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhu Y, Dong W, Ma J, Yuan L, Hejair HMA, Pan Z, Liu G, Yao H. Characterization and virulence clustering analysis of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from swine in China. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:94. [PMID: 28388949 PMCID: PMC5385051 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-0975-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Swine extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is an important pathogen that leads to economic and welfare costs in the swine industry worldwide, and is occurring with increasing frequency in China. By far, various virulence factors have been recognized in ExPEC. Here, we investigated the virulence genotypes and clonal structure of collected strains to improve the knowledge of phylogenetic traits of porcine ExPECs in China. RESULTS We isolated 64 Chinese porcine ExPEC strains from 2013 to 14 in China. By multiplex PCR, the distribution of isolates belonging to phylogenetic groups B1, B2, A and D was 9.4%, 10.9%, 57.8% and 21.9%, respectively. Nineteen virulence-related genes were detected by PCR assay; ompA, fimH, vat, traT and iutA were highly prevalent. Virulence-related genes were remarkably more prevalent in group B2 than in groups A, B1 and D; notably, usp, cnf1, hlyD, papA and ibeA were only found in group B2 strains. Genotyping analysis was performed and four clusters of strains (named I to IV) were identified. Cluster IV contained all isolates from group B2 and Cluster IV isolates had the strongest pathogenicity in a mouse infection model. As phylogenetic group B2 and D ExPEC isolates are generally considered virulent, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis was performed for these isolates to further investigate genetic relationships. Two novel sequence types, ST5170 and ST5171, were discovered. Among the nine clonal complexes identified among our group B2 and D isolates, CC12 and CC95 have been indicated to have high zoonotic pathogenicity. The distinction between group B2 and non-B2 isolates in virulence and genotype accorded with MLST analysis. CONCLUSION This study reveals significant genetic diversity among ExPEC isolates and helps us to better understand their pathogenesis. Importantly, our data suggest group B2 (Cluster IV) strains have the highest risk of causing animal disease and illustrate the correlation between genotype and virulence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinchu Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenyang Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiale Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lvfeng Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hassan M A Hejair
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zihao Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guangjin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.,Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Huochun Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China. .,Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zong B, Liu W, Zhang Y, Wang X, Chen H, Tan C. Effect of kpsM on the virulence of porcine extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2016; 363:fnw232. [PMID: 27737948 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnw232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) has been found to pose a great threat to human and animal health, but its pathogenic mechanism is not fully understood yet. Capsular polysaccharide, an essential virulence factor in these bacteria, can damage the host immune system, and kpsM is a member of the gene cluster responsible for capsular polysaccharide synthesis. In this study, whole sequence alignment of the virulent strain PCN033 and the attenuated strain PCN061 revealed that kpsM exists in PCN033 but not in PCN061. To determine its function and biological characteristics, we deleted kpsM from PCN033 by homologous recombination. The results of adhesion assays, phagocytosis assays and serum bactericidal assays together with the results of colonization assays in mice indicate that the deletion of kpsM decreases the virulence of porcine ExPEC. Our findings about the biological characteristics of kpsM help to elucidate the complex pathogenic mechanism of ExPEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of development of veterinary diagnostic products of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Wugang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of development of veterinary diagnostic products of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of development of veterinary diagnostic products of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of development of veterinary diagnostic products of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of development of veterinary diagnostic products of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Chen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of development of veterinary diagnostic products of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Meng X, Liu X, Zhang L, Hou B, Li B, Tan C, Li Z, Zhou R, Li S. Virulence characteristics of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli deletion of gene encoding the outer membrane protein X. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:1261-7. [PMID: 27149893 PMCID: PMC5053926 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane protein X (OmpX) and its homologues have been proposed to contribute to
the virulence in various bacterial species. But, their role in virulence of
extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is yet to be
determined. This study evaluates the role of OmpX in ExPEC virulence in
vitro and in vivo using a clinical strain PPECC42 of porcine
origin. The ompX deletion mutant exhibited increased swimming motility
and decreased adhesion to, and invasion of pulmonary epithelial A549 cell, compared to the
wild-type strain. A mild increase in LD50 and distinct decrease in bacterial
load in such organs as heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney were observed in mice
infected with the ompX mutant. Complementation of the complete
ompX gene in trans restored the virulence of mutant
strain to the level of wild-type strain. Our results reveal that OmpX contributes to ExPEC
virulence, but may be not an indispensable virulence determinant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianrong Meng
- State Key Lab of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Meng X, Zhang L, Hou B, Liu X, Li S. Oxygen-Free Condition Inhibited Biofilm Formation in Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strain PPECC42 Through Preventing Curli Production. Curr Microbiol 2016; 73:153-8. [PMID: 27094999 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-016-1037-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is an important zoonotic and foodborne pathogen. Biofilms are specially structured communities for bacteria to survive in different hostile environments and can protect the bacteria from eradication by the host and external factors. In this study, we found that oxygen is definitely required for biofilm formation in ExPEC strain PPECC42. Aerobically growing ExPEC showed a bdar (brown, dry, and rough) morphotype, whereas anaerobically growing ExPEC showed a saw (smooth and white) morphotype. Under anaerobic condition, curli fimbriae did not accumulate and the expression levels of curli biosynthesis-related genes including csgB, csgD, and rpoS decreased significantly; in contrast, the expression level of h-ns, of which the encoding protein is a repressor for csgD transcription, increased significantly. Taken together, the results suggested that oxygen-free condition limited ExPEC strain PPECC42 biofilm formation mainly through preventing curli accumulation by affecting the transcriptional levels of curli biosynthesis-related genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianrong Meng
- State Key Lab of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street No 1, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- State Key Lab of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street No 1, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Hou
- State Key Lab of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street No 1, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueling Liu
- State Key Lab of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street No 1, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaowen Li
- State Key Lab of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan Street No 1, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Manges A. Escherichia coli and urinary tract infections: the role of poultry-meat. Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 22:122-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
29
|
Characteristics of CTX-M Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Multiple Rivers in Southern Taiwan. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:1889-1897. [PMID: 26773082 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03222-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli sequence type ST131 has emerged as the leading cause of community-acquired urinary tract infections and bacteremia worldwide. Whether environmental water is a potential reservoir of these strains remains unclear. River water samples were collected from 40 stations in southern Taiwan from February to August 2014. PCR assay and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis were conducted to determine the CTX-M group and sequence type, respectively. In addition, we identified the seasonal frequency of ESBL-producing E. coli strains and their geographical relationship with runoffs from livestock and poultry farms between February and August 2014. ESBL-producing E. coli accounted for 30% of the 621 E. coli strains isolated from river water in southern Taiwan. ESBL-producing E. coli ST131 was not detected among the isolates. The most commonly detected strain was E. coli CTX-M group 9. Among the 92 isolates selected for MLST analysis, the most common ESBL-producing clonal complexes were ST10 and ST58. The proportion of ESBL-producing E. coli was significantly higher in areas with a lower river pollution index (P = 0.025) and regions with a large number of chickens being raised (P = 0.013). ESBL-producing E. coli strains were commonly isolated from river waters in southern Taiwan. The most commonly isolated ESBL-producing clonal complexes were ST10 and ST58, which were geographically related to chicken farms. ESBL-producing E. coli ST131, the major clone causing community-acquired infections in Taiwan and worldwide, was not detected in river waters.
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu C, Zheng H, Yang M, Xu Z, Wang X, Wei L, Tang B, Liu F, Zhang Y, Ding Y, Tang X, Wu B, Johnson TJ, Chen H, Tan C. Genome analysis and in vivo virulence of porcine extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli strain PCN033. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:717. [PMID: 26391348 PMCID: PMC4578781 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1890-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Strains of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) can invade and colonize extraintestinal sites and cause a wide range of infections. Genomic analysis of ExPEC has mainly focused on isolates of human and avian origins, with porcine ExPEC isolates yet to be sequenced. To better understand the genomic attributes underlying the pathogenicity of porcine ExPEC, we isolated two E. coli strains PCN033 and PCN061 from pigs, assessed their in vivo virulence, and completed and compared their genomes. Results Animal experiments demonstrated that strain PCN033, but not PCN061, was pathogenic in a pig model. The chromosome of PCN033 was 384 kb larger than that of PCN061. Among the PCN033-specific sequences, genes encoding adhesins, unique lipopolysaccharide, unique capsular polysaccharide, iron acquisition and transport systems, and metabolism were identified. Additionally, a large plasmid PCN033p3 harboring many typical ExPEC virulence factors was identified in PCN033. Based on the genetic variation between PCN033 and PCN061, corresponding phenotypic differences in flagellum-dependent swarming motility and metabolism were verified. Furthermore, the comparative genomic analyses showed that the PCN033 genome shared many similarities with genomic sequences of human ExPEC strains. Additionally, comparison of PCN033 genome with other nine characteristic E. coli genomes revealed 425 PCN033-special coding sequences. Genes of this subset included those encoding type I restriction-modification (R-M) system, type VI secretion system (T6SS) and membrane-associated proteins. Conclusions The genetic and phenotypic differences between PCN033 and PCN061 could partially explain their differences in virulence, and also provide insight towards the molecular mechanisms of porcine ExPEC infections. Additionally, the similarities between the genomes of PCN033 and human ExPEC strains suggest that some connections between porcine and human ExPEC strains exist. The first completed genomic sequence for porcine ExPEC and the genomic differences identified by comparative analyses provide a baseline understanding of porcine ExPEC genetics and lay the foundation for their further study. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1890-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Canying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China. .,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China.
| | - Huajun Zheng
- Shanghai-Most Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
| | - Minjun Yang
- Shanghai-Most Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhuofei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiangru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Liuya Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Biao Tang
- Shanghai-Most Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xibiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Bin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Timothy J Johnson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Chen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhou Y, Wu X, Zhang J, Tao X, Deng Z, Hu Y, Li M, Yang X, Wang M, Yang Z. High Prevalence of CTX-M Beta-Lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae from Healthy Individuals in Guangzhou, China. Microb Drug Resist 2015; 21:398-403. [PMID: 25756950 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2014.0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in Enterobacteriaceae and to characterize the genetic composition of ESBL determinants among Enterobacteriaceae isolates from healthy people in Guangzhou, China. A total of 200 rectal swab samples were collected from healthy asymptomatic individuals and tested for ESBL production using ChromID ESBL agar. Phenotypic ESBL producers were screened for blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV genes using PCR and DNA sequencing. The prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae among rectal swab samples was 69.5%. All ESBL-producing isolates harbored blaCTX-M genes (n=138) except for one isolate that harbored blaSHV-2a. Eleven CTX-M ESBL genes were detected. The most predominant CTX-M-type genes were blaCTX-M-14 (n=82), followed by blaCTX-M-55 (n=19), blaCTX-M-65 (n=10), and blaCTX-M-27 (n=9). Isolates carrying blaCTX-M-38,-3,-15,-14b,-98,-121 and -123 were also identified. Molecular homology analysis of the selected isolates was performed by phylogenetic grouping and multilocus sequence typing and indicated that the predominant clone belonged to A-CC10. This study showed a high rate of CTX-M-type ESBL genes among Enterobacteriaceae isolates from healthy individuals in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- 1 Microbiology Test Laboratory , Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Wu
- 1 Microbiology Test Laboratory , Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- 1 Microbiology Test Laboratory , Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Tao
- 1 Microbiology Test Laboratory , Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiai Deng
- 1 Microbiology Test Laboratory , Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yushan Hu
- 1 Microbiology Test Laboratory , Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meixia Li
- 1 Microbiology Test Laboratory , Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Yang
- 2 Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Wang
- 1 Microbiology Test Laboratory , Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhicong Yang
- 1 Microbiology Test Laboratory , Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|