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Meuten TK, Dean GA, Thamm DH. Review: The PI3K-AKT-mTOR signal transduction pathway in canine cancer. Vet Pathol 2024; 61:339-356. [PMID: 37905509 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231207021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Tumors in dogs and humans share many similar molecular and genetic features, incentivizing a better understanding of canine neoplasms not only for the purpose of treating companion animals, but also to facilitate research of spontaneously developing tumors with similar biologic behavior and treatment approaches in an immunologically competent animal model. Multiple tumor types of both species have similar dysregulation of signal transduction through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (PKB; AKT), and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), collectively known as the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. This review aims to delineate the pertinent aspects of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway in health and in tumor development. It will then present a synopsis of current understanding of PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling in important canine cancers and advancements in targeted inhibitors of this pathway.
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Estabrooks T, Gurinovich A, Pietruska J, Lewis B, Harvey G, Post G, Lambert L, Miller A, Rodrigues L, White ME, Lopes C, London CA, Megquier K. Identification of genomic alterations with clinical impact in canine splenic hemangiosarcoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:623-633. [PMID: 37734854 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is an aggressive cancer of endothelial cells with short survival times. Understanding the genomic landscape of HSA may aid in developing therapeutic strategies for dogs and may also inform therapies for the rare and aggressive human cancer angiosarcoma. The objectives of this study were to build a framework for leveraging real-world genomic and clinical data that could provide the foundation for precision medicine in veterinary oncology, and to determine the relationships between genomic and clinical features in canine splenic HSA. One hundred and nine dogs with primary splenic HSA treated by splenectomy that had tumour sequencing via the FidoCure® Precision Medicine Platform targeted sequencing panel were enrolled. Patient signalment, weight, metastasis at diagnosis and overall survival time were retrospectively evaluated. The incidence of genomic alterations in individual genes and their relationship to patient variables including outcome were assessed. Somatic mutations in TP53 (n = 44), NRAS (n = 20) and PIK3CA (n = 19) were most common. Survival was associated with presence of metastases at diagnosis and germline variants in SETD2 and NOTCH1. Age at diagnosis was associated with somatic NRAS mutations and breed. TP53 and PIK3CA somatic mutations were found in larger dogs, while germline SETD2 variants were found in smaller dogs. We identified both somatic mutations and germline variants associated with clinical variables including age, breed and overall survival. These genetic changes may be useful prognostic factors and provide insight into the genomic landscape of hemangiosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Estabrooks
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jodie Pietruska
- MassBio, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Gerald Post
- One Health Company, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cheryl A London
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kate Megquier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Cartiaux B, Deviers A, Delmas C, Abadie J, Pumarola Battle M, Cohen-Jonathan Moyal E, Mogicato G. Evaluation of in vitro intrinsic radiosensitivity and characterization of five canine high-grade glioma cell lines. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1253074. [PMID: 38098992 PMCID: PMC10720585 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1253074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor in dogs and predominantly affects brachycephalic breeds. Diagnosis relies on CT or MRI imaging, and the proposed treatments include surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy depending on the tumor's location. Canine glioma from domestic dogs could be used as a more powerful model to study radiotherapy for human glioma than the murine model. Indeed, (i) contrary to mice, immunocompetent dogs develop spontaneous glioma, (ii) the canine brain structure is closer to human than mice, and (iii) domestic dogs are exposed to the same environmental factors than humans. Moreover, imaging techniques and radiation therapy used in human medicine can be applied to dogs, facilitating the direct transposition of results. The objective of this study is to fully characterize 5 canine glioma cell lines and to evaluate their intrinsic radiosensitivity. Canine cell lines present numerous analogies between the data obtained during this study on different glioma cell lines in dogs. Cell morphology is identical, such as doubling time, clonality test and karyotype. Immunohistochemical study of surface proteins, directly on cell lines and after stereotaxic injection in mice also reveals close similarity. Radiosensitivity profile of canine glial cells present high profile of radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Cartiaux
- INSERM UMR.1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandra Deviers
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Caroline Delmas
- INSERM UMR.1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
- IUCT-oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérôme Abadie
- Department of Biology, Pathology and Food Sciences, Laboniris, Nantes, France
| | - Martí Pumarola Battle
- Unit of Murine and Comparative Pathology, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elizabeth Cohen-Jonathan Moyal
- INSERM UMR.1037-Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
- IUCT-oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Giovanni Mogicato
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, ENVT, Toulouse, France
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Michishita M, Ochiai K, Nakahira R, Azakami D, Machida Y, Nagashima T, Nakagawa T, Ishiwata T. mTOR pathway as a potential therapeutic target for cancer stem cells in canine mammary carcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1100602. [PMID: 36816969 PMCID: PMC9931192 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1100602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammary adenocarcinoma, the most common cancer in female dogs, often exhibits the lymph node and lung metastases and has a higher mortality rate. However, mammary adenocarcinoma has no established treatment, except early surgical excision. Canine mammary carcinoma has many common features with human mammary carcinoma, including clinical characteristics, heterogeneity, and genetic aberrations, making it an excellent spontaneous tumor model for human breast cancer. Diverse cancers comprised heterogeneous cell populations originating from cancer stem cells (CSCs) with self-renewal ability. Therefore, in addition to conventional therapy, therapeutic strategies targeting CSCs are essential for cancer eradication. The present study aimed to extract inhibitors of canine mammary CSCs that suppress their self-renewal ability. Sphere-formation assay, which evaluates self-renewal ability, was performed for the canine mammary cancer cell lines CTBp and CNMp. The spheres formed in this assay were used in inhibitor library screening, which identified various signaling pathways such as proteosome, stress inducer, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). The present study focused on the mTOR signaling pathway. Western blotting showed higher levels of phosphorylated mTOR in sphere-forming CTBp and CNMp cells than in adherent cells. Drug sensitivity examination using the mTOR inhibitors everolimus and temsirolimus revealed dose-dependent reductions in viability among both sphere-forming cells and adherent cells. Expression of phosphorylated mTOR in adherent and sphere-forming cells decreased by everolimus and temsirolimus treatment. In mice transplanted with CTBp-derived spheres, everolimus treatment significantly decreased tumor volume compared to control. These results reveal that the mTOR signaling pathway may be a potential to be a therapeutic target in both cancer cells and CSCs. Novel therapeutic strategies for canine mammary carcinoma are expected to benefit to human breast carcinoma as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Michishita
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan,Research Center for Animal Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan,*Correspondence: Masaki Michishita,
| | - Kazuhiko Ochiai
- Research Center for Animal Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Veterinary Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rei Nakahira
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daigo Azakami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukino Machida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Nagashima
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ishiwata
- Division of Aging and Carcinogenesis, Research Team for Geriatric Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
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p-S6 as a Prognostic Biomarker in Canine Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070935. [PMID: 35883491 PMCID: PMC9313205 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Scarce information exists on the role of mTOR pathway proteins and their association to aggressiveness and prognosis of patients with canine oral cancers. We aimed to investigate the activated form of mTOR and its downstream S6 protein in canine oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and to evaluate potential associations between protein expression and clinic-pathologic variables and survival. For that we analysed p-mTOR and p-S6 protein expression by immunohistochemistry in 61 canine OSCCs. Multivariate analysis was conducted to examine their role in patients’ cancer-specific survival (CSS). p-mTOR and p-S6 expression were present in almost all cases. High-expression of p-mTOR was observed in 44 (72.1%) cases using extent score and 52 (85.2%) cases using intensity score. For p-S6, high expression was observed in 53 (86.9%) cases using extent score and in 54 (88.5%) cases using intensity score. An independent prognostic value for p-S6 extension (p = 0.027), tumour stage (p = 0.013) and treatment (p = 0.0009) was found in patients’ CSS analysis. Our data suggest that p-mTOR and p-S6 proteins are commonly expressed in canine OSCC and p-S6 expression is correlated with poor CSS in dogs with OSCC. More studies should be performed to identify possible therapeutic targets related with mTOR pathway for these patients.
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Murase Y, Hosoya K, Sato T, Kim S, Okumura M. Antitumor activity of the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor gedatolisib and the involvement of ABCB1 in gedatolisib resistance in canine tumor cells. Oncol Rep 2022; 47:61. [PMID: 35088890 PMCID: PMC8848474 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/mTOR) signaling pathway is a therapeutic target for various types of human tumors, and dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors demonstrate antitumor activities in both preclinical and clinical studies. However, resistance mechanisms limit their abilities. As the molecular mechanisms involved in the cellular resistance are not clear in any canine tumors, an understanding of resistance mechanisms would support the potential use of dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors in canine tumors. The antitumor activity of gedatolisib on cell viability, protein phosphorylation, and cell cycle distribution was assessed using 12 canine tumor cell lines from 6 types of tumors. In addition, the molecular determinants involved in the cellular sensitivity to gedatolisib were explored by investigating the involvement of serum-and-glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1 (SGK1), PIK3CA, and ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B, member 1 (ABCB1). The results demonstrated that gedatolisib decreased cell viability in all cell lines, with IC50 values <1 µM in 10 of the 12 lines. Gedatolisib inhibited Akt and mTOR complex 1 substrate phosphorylation and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. However, certain cell lines with higher IC50 values were more resistant to these effects. These cell lines exhibited higher ABCB1 activity and the ABCB1 inhibitor cyclosporin A enhanced the decrease of cell viability caused by gedatolisib. SGK1 overexpression did not confer resistance to gedatolisib. The mutations of E545K and H1047R in PIK3CA were not observed. The present results indicated that gedatolisib decreased cell viability in canine tumor cell lines and ABCB1 played an important role in gedatolisib resistance, supporting the potential use of gedatolisib for canine tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Murase
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060‑0818, Japan
| | - Kenji Hosoya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060‑0818, Japan
| | - Takachika Sato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060‑0818, Japan
| | - Sangho Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060‑0818, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okumura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060‑0818, Japan
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BTK and PI3K Inhibitors Reveal Synergistic Inhibitory Anti-Tumoral Effects in Canine Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312673. [PMID: 34884478 PMCID: PMC8658042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) in the B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway are considered potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of B-cell lymphomas, among which, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type. Herein, we comparatively evaluated the single and combined application of the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib and the selective PI3Kγ inhibitor AS-605240 in the canine DLBCL cell line CLBL-1. For further comparison, key findings were additionally analyzed in canine B-cell leukemia GL-1 and human DLBCL cell line SU-DHL-4. While ibrutinib alone induced significant anti-proliferative effects on all cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, AS-605240 only induced anti-proliferative effects at high concentrations. Interestingly, ibrutinib and AS-605240 acted synergistically, reducing cell proliferation and increasing apoptosis/necrosis in all cell lines and inducing morphological changes in CLBL-1. Moreover, the combined application of ibrutinib and AS-605240 reduced relative phosphorylation and, in some instances, the levels of the BTK, AKT, GSK3β, and ERK proteins. Comparative variant analysis of RNA-seq data among canine B- and T-lymphoid cell lines and primary B-cell lymphoma samples revealed potentially high-impact somatic variants in the genes that encode PI3K, which may explain why AS-605240 does not singly inhibit the proliferation of cell lines. The combination of ibrutinib and AS-605240 represents a promising approach that warrants further in vivo evaluation in dogs, potentially bearing significant value for the treatment of human DLBCL.
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Fan Y, Ren X, Wang Y, Xu E, Wang S, Ge R, Liu Y. Metformin inhibits the proliferation of canine mammary gland tumor cells through the AMPK/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in vitro. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:852. [PMID: 34733370 PMCID: PMC8561621 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As an anti-diabetic drug, metformin has been demonstrated to exhibit antitumor effects. However, the mechanisms involved in decreasing tumor formation, including canine mammary gland tumors (CMGTs), are not well elucidated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of metformin to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in CMGT cells, as well as identifying the pathways underlying these effects. Cell viability was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 analysis following treating with metformin. Subsequently, apoptosis and cell cycle progression were assessed by flow cytometry, and the expression of associated proteins was examined. Expression levels of classical AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), protein kinase B (AKT), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) were then investigated using western blot analysis. Metformin inhibited the proliferation of CHMm cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Specifically, metformin induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phases, accompanied by increased expression of p21 and p27, and decreased expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4. Marked levels of apoptosis were observed in CHMm cells alongside the activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Also, the level of Bcl-2 was decreased, and that of Bax was increased. The expression of associated signaling molecules revealed that metformin markedly increased the phosphorylation of AMPK in CHMm cells, and decreased the levels of phosphorylated (p-)AKT, p-mTOR and p-4E-BP1, while Compound C reversed these changes. These findings demonstrated that metformin may be a potential therapeutic agent for CMGTs, acting via the AMPK/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Fan
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, P.R. China
| | - Yingxue Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Enshuang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163000, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Ruidong Ge
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
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Mathew R, Sajitha IS, Balakrishnan-Nair DK, Nair SS, Kariyil BJ, Abraham MJ. Histological and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Phosphorylated Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin in Canine Skin Tumours. J Comp Pathol 2021; 184:60-64. [PMID: 33894879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays an important role in cellular functions, including growth and metabolism. Recently, mTOR and the activated phosphorylated form of mTOR (p-mTOR) have been reported as potential prognostic markers in many human tumours. However, there are few studies on its activation in canine tumours. We investigated the expression of p-mTOR in 17 canine skin tumours (CSTs), of which 58.8% were epithelial and melanocytic and 41.2% were mesenchymal tumours. Seventy-six per cent of the CSTs had high or moderate expression of p-mTOR. Mean p-mTOR expression in the epithelial and melanocytic tumours (5.7 ± 0.56) was significantly higher (P <0.05) than that of the mesenchymal tumours (3.14 ± 0.55). The age of the animals had no influence on p-mTOR expression. These findings suggest that activation of m-TOR is important in the development of skin tumours in dogs and the study might form the basis for further research on utilizing m-TOR inhibitors as improved therapeutic modalities in canine skin tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimon Mathew
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Kerala, India.
| | - Indira S Sajitha
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Kerala, India
| | | | - Sudheesh S Nair
- Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Kerala, India
| | - Bibu J Kariyil
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Kerala, India; Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala, India
| | - Mammen J Abraham
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Kerala, India
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Liquid biopsy based on small extracellular vesicles predicts chemotherapy response of canine multicentric lymphomas. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20371. [PMID: 33230132 PMCID: PMC7683601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphoma is the most common type of canine hematological malignancy where the multicentric (cMCL) form accounts for 75% of all cases. The standard treatment is the CHOP chemotherapy protocols that include cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone, where the majority of dogs achieve complete/partial response; however, it is very important to predict non-responsive cases to improve treatment and to develop new targeted therapies. Here we evaluate a liquid biopsy approach based on serum Small Extracellular Vesicles enriched for exosomes (SEVs) to predict cMCL chemotherapy response. Nineteen dogs at the end of the 19-week chemotherapy protocol (8 Complete Response and 11 Progressive Disease) were evaluated for serum SEVs size, concentration and screened for 95 oncomirs. PD patients had higher SEVs concentration at the diagnosis than CR patients (P = 0.034). The ROC curve was significant for SEVs concentration to predict the response to CHOP (AUC = 0.8011, P = 0.0287). A potential molecular signature based on oncomirs from SEVs (caf-miR-205, caf-miR-222, caf-mir-20a and caf-miR-93) is proposed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the potential of a liquid biopsy based on SEVs and their miRNAs content to predict the outcome of chemotherapy for canine multicentric lymphomas.
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Kim JH. PIK3CA mutations matter for cancer in dogs. Res Vet Sci 2020; 133:39-41. [PMID: 32932196 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a genetic disease that arises from the accumulation of genetic mutations within a cell. Mutations in PIK3CA gene are frequently observed in human solid cancers, and also appear to occur in canine tumors. Specifically, recurrent somatic PIK3CA variants identified in canine mammary tumors and hemangiosarcomas are comparable to human hotspot mutations such as H1047R. PIK3CA mutations found in canine tumors encode functional proteins that may alter downstream PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Therefore, PI3K inhibitors have potential in cancer therapy for dogs. This article concisely reviews the emerging evidence concerning the genetic and molecular properties of PIK3CA mutations to discuss future perspectives in veterinary and comparative oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyuk Kim
- Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA; Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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12
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Rivera-Calderón LG, Fonseca-Alves CE, Kobayashi PE, Carvalho M, Vasconcelos RO, Laufer-Amorim R. p-mTOR, p-4EBP-1 and eIF4E expression in canine prostatic carcinoma. Res Vet Sci 2018; 122:86-92. [PMID: 30476726 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The mTOR/4E-BP1/eIF4E pathway plays important roles in the neoplastic transformation process and in tumour growth. In men, the mTOR/4E-BP1/eIF4E pathway was described as altered in different tumours, including prostate cancer (PC). Apart from humans, the dog is the only species that develops PC with high frequency and is considered a good model for comparative oncology initiatives. Due to limited information on this pathway in canine tumours, this study aimed to investigate mTOR, 4E-BP1 and eIF4E gene and protein expression in canine PC, as well as in metastatic and normal prostatic tissues, and to evaluate the correlations between gene/protein expression and Gleason score (GS) in PC. A total of 35 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples, including 13 of normal prostatic tissue, 17 PC samples and 5 metastasis samples, were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and qPCR. mTOR gene mutation in the kinase domain was also investigated. We identified higher p-mTOR and eIF4E protein levels in canine PC with higher GS values (≥ 8) and a significant positive correlation in expression between these proteins. eIF4E overexpression was observed in metastasis relative to expression in normal samples. Our data suggest that p-mTOR and eIF4E expression is positively correlated with GS in canine PC, similar to the pattern in humans. More studies of the mTOR/4EBP1/eIF4E pathway should be performed to identify possible correlations of the proteins involved with clinical and pathologic findings in canine PC and the roles of these proteins as therapeutic targets for the treatment of canine PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis G Rivera-Calderón
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Fonseca-Alves
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila E Kobayashi
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcio Carvalho
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosemeri O Vasconcelos
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renée Laufer-Amorim
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
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13
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Kim SH, Seung BJ, Cho SH, Lim HY, Hwang JH, Sur JH. Expression of Oestrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor and Akt in Canine Circumanal Gland Tumours. J Comp Pathol 2018; 162:59-65. [PMID: 30060844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the expression of oestrogen receptor alpha (OR-α), progesterone receptor (PR) and Akt in canine circumanal gland tumours. Immunohistochemistry was conducted on seven normal circumanal glands, 30 circumanal gland adenomas and 40 circumanal gland carcinomas. The expression of OR-α and PR was significantly lower in circumanal gland carcinomas than in circumanal gland adenomas. In contrast, the expression of Akt was markedly higher in circumanal gland carcinomas than in circumanal gland adenomas. These results indicate that the progression of canine circumanal gland tumours is influenced by changes in the expression levels of OR-α, PR and Akt. Identifying the molecular mechanisms of canine circumanal gland tumours requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-H Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Tumour Diagnostic Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - B-J Seung
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Tumour Diagnostic Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S-H Cho
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Tumour Diagnostic Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H-Y Lim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Tumour Diagnostic Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J-H Hwang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Tumour Diagnostic Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J-H Sur
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Small Animal Tumour Diagnostic Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Pyuen AA, Meuten T, Rose BJ, Thamm DH. In vitro effects of PI3K/mTOR inhibition in canine hemangiosarcoma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200634. [PMID: 30011343 PMCID: PMC6047806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While extremely rare in humans, hemangiosarcoma (HSA) accounts for nearly 2% of canine neoplasia, and is characterized by both aggressive local growth/invasion and a high rate of metastasis. Both canine and human HSA exhibit sustained aberrant PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway signaling. The purpose of this study was to examine the in vitro effects of a novel dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, VDC-597, in three canine HSA cell lines (DEN-, CIN-, and SB-HSA). VDC-597 suppressed activation of both Akt and 4eBP1 in canine HSA cells in a dose-dependent fashion, with an IC50 of approximately 0.3 uM, a concentration predicted to be clinically achievable based on preliminary early-phase canine and human studies. VDC-597 dose-dependently reduced proliferation, migration, and vascular endothelial growth factor production in HSA cells, while promoting tumor cell apoptosis. VDC-597 demonstrated additive antiproliferative effects when combined with doxorubicin. These results suggest that inhibitors of the PI3K/mTOR pathway may act against multiple components of the neoplastic process, including proliferation/apoptosis, chemosensitivity, migration, and angiogenesis, and justify the evaluation of PI3K/mTOR inhibitors in canine, and potentially human, HSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex A. Pyuen
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Travis Meuten
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Barbara J. Rose
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Douglas H. Thamm
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zhang X, Cai L, He J, Li X, Li L, Chen X, Lan P. Influence and mechanism of 5-aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy on the metastasis of esophageal carcinoma. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 20:78-85. [PMID: 28811223 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of esophageal cancer was more and more popularly used since it was approved for the treatment of advanced esophageal cancer in 1996. It has been reported to influence the tumor growth and metastasis via a variety of signaling pathways, but its mechanism remains to be further studied. This research studied the effects of ALA-PDT on esophageal carcinoma in vitro and in vivo, discovering its molecular regulating mechanism and the way to enhence the PDT effect. METHODS Eca-109 cells were incubated with a medium containing EGFR tyrphostin AG1478 or PI3K inhibitor LY294002, then with ALA, and the cells were irradiated with the laser 6h later. The cell viability was measured with MTT assay, and the migration ability was detected by transwell experiments 24h post-ALA-PDT. The gene and protein expression on EGFR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was analyzed by realtime PCR and Western blotting respectively. Then, RFP-Eca-109 burdened nude mice model was constructed, and were treated with ALA-PDT when the tumor volume reached 150-350mm3. The gene and protein expression were analyzed 24h and 50days post-ALA-PDT. RESULTS Our study showed that ALA-PDT respectively combined with AG1478, LY294002 could synergistically reduce the growth and migration ability of the Eca-109 cells in vitro and significantly down-regulate the protein expression of EGFR/PI3K and PI3K/AKT, meanwhile, significantly down-regulate the gene expression of EGFR when combining with AG1478. Forthermore, ALA-PDT could significantly decrease the tumor growth and metastasis and down-regulate the gene expression of EGFR and the protein expression of EGFR and PI3K in the tumor of mice. CONCLUSION This study revealed a molecular mechanism of ALA-PDT and developed a new modality application of therapy, by combining ALA-PDT with small molecular inhibitors, for better effect in the clinical practice of esophageal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Zhang
- The sixth affiliated hospital of SUN YAT-SEN University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longmei Cai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingcai He
- Cancer Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- The sixth affiliated hospital of SUN YAT-SEN University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Libo Li
- Cancer Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- Department of Oncology, Panyu Central Hospital, Cancer Institute of Panyu, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ping Lan
- The sixth affiliated hospital of SUN YAT-SEN University, Guangzhou, China.
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Wang Y, Yin D, Xu C, Wang K, Zheng L, Zhang Y. Roxarsone induces angiogenesis via PI3K/Akt signaling. Cell Biosci 2016; 6:54. [PMID: 27708768 PMCID: PMC5039879 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-016-0119-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 3-Nitro-4-hydroxy phenyl arsenic acid, roxarsone, is widely used as an organic arsenic feed additive for livestock and poultry, which may increase the level of arsenic in the environment and the risk of exposure to arsenic in human. Little information is focused on the angiogenesis roxarsone-induced and its mechanism at present. This paper aims to study the role of PI3K/Akt signaling in roxarsone-induced angiogenesis in rat vascular endothelial cells and a mouse B16-F10 melanoma xenograft model. RESULTS The results showed that treatment with 0.1-10.0 µmol/L roxarsone resulted in an increase in the OD rate in the MTT assay, the number of BrdU-positive cells in the proliferation assay, the migration distance in the scratch test and the number of meshes in tube formation assay. Further, treatment with 1.0 µmol/L roxarsone was associated with significantly higher phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt and expression of VEGF than the control treatment. The PI3K inhibitor was found to significantly combat the effects of 1.0 µmol/L roxarsone. Furthermore, roxarsone treatment was observed to increase the weight and volume of B16-F10 xenografts and VEGF expression and PI3K/Akt phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner, with the 25 mg/kg dose having significant effects. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that roxarsone has the ability to promote growth and tube formation in vascular endothelial cells and the growth of mouse B16-F10 xenografts. Further, the findings also indicate that PI3K/Akt signaling plays a regulatory role in roxarsone-induced angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Wang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12# Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Donglai Yin
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12# Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12# Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Lingmin Zheng
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12# Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 12# Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
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Delgado L, Gärtner F, Dias Pereira P. Activation of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin in Canine Mammary Carcinomas: An Immunohistochemical Study. J Comp Pathol 2015; 152:138-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Duan H, Qu L, Shou C. Activation of EGFR-PI3K-AKT signaling is required for Mycoplasma hyorhinis-promoted gastric cancer cell migration. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 14:135. [PMID: 25505372 PMCID: PMC4262230 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-014-0135-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection of Mycoplasma hyorhinis (M. hyorhinis) was associated with gastric cancer cell migration and invasion, but the mechanisms were not well understood. Herein, we found that M. hyorhinis activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT signaling axis in gastric cancer cell lines. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was upstream of PI3K-AKT signaling in the context of M. hyorhinis infection, because phosphorylation of AKT Serine 473 was almost completely attenuated by the EGFR inhibitor AG1478 or by EGFR knockdown. Phosphorylation of AKT S473 induced by M. hyorhinis infection was also abolished by PI3K inhibitor wortmannin. Furthermore, we found that p37, a membrane protein of M. hyorhinis, could also promote M. hyorhinis-induced PI3K-AKT signaling activation and cell migration. In addition, pre-treatment with AG1478 or wortmannin significantly inhibited cell migration induced by M. hyorhinis infection or p37 treatment. In conclusion, EGFR-PI3K-AKT signaling plays an important role in M. hyorhinis-promoted cell migration in gastric cancer cells, thus providing a clue to the pathogenesis of M. hyorhinis in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Duan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), 52 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100142 China
| | - Like Qu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), 52 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100142 China
| | - Chengchao Shou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), 52 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100142 China
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Campos M, Kool MMJ, Daminet S, Ducatelle R, Rutteman G, Kooistra HS, Galac S, Mol JA. Upregulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in the tumorigenesis of canine thyroid carcinoma. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28:1814-23. [PMID: 25231196 PMCID: PMC4895609 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information on the genetic events leading to thyroid cancer in dogs is lacking. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES Upregulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway has an important role in the tumorigenesis of thyroid carcinoma in dogs. ANIMALS Fifty-nine dogs with thyroid carcinoma and 10 healthy controls. METHODS Quantitative RT-PCR was performed for VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, EGFR, PIK3CA, PIK3CB, PDPK1, PTEN, AKT1, AKT2, COX-2, and CALCA. Mutation analysis was performed for known hotspots of RAS (N, K, H), PIK3CA, BRAF, RET, and for the entire coding region of PTEN. RESULTS Forty-three dogs (73%) had follicular cell thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and 16 dogs (27%) had medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). The relative mRNA expressions of VEGFR-1 (P < .001), VEGFR-2 (P = .002), PDPK1 (P < .001), AKT1 (P = .009), and AKT2 (P < .001) were increased in FTC, and those of EGFR (P < .001), VEGFR-1 (P = .036), and PIK3CA (P = .019) were increased in MTC when compared to normal thyroid glands. Mutation analysis of K-RAS identified 2 activating missense mutations, which also have been described in thyroid cancer of humans. A G12R substitution was present in 1 FTC and an E63K substitution was present in 1 MTC. No functional mutations were found in the sequenced regions of H-RAS, N-RAS, PIK3CA, BRAF, RET, and PTEN. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The increased expression of several genes associated with PI3K/Akt signaling suggests the involvement of this pathway in the pathogenesis of thyroid carcinoma in dogs, warranting further research on pathway activation and gene amplification. The mutations most frequently associated with thyroid cancer in humans are rare in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Campos
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in triple negative feline mammary carcinomas. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:80. [PMID: 23587222 PMCID: PMC3637810 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) in humans is defined by the absence of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER2 overexpression. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is overexpressed in TNBC and it represents a potential target for the treatment of this aggressive tumour. Feline mammary carcinoma (FMC) is considered to be a model for hormone-independent human breast cancer. This study investigated mTOR and p-mTOR expression in FMC in relation to triple negative (TN) phenotype. Results The expression of mTOR, p-mTOR, ERα, PR and HER2 was evaluated in 58 FMCs by immunohistochemistry and in six FMC cell lines by Western blot analysis. 53.5% of FMC analyzed were ER, PR, HER2 negative (TN-FMC) while 56.9% and 55.2% of cases expressed mTOR and p-mTOR respectively. In this study we found that m-TOR and p-mTOR were more frequently detected in TN-FMC and in HER2 negative samples. Conclusions In this study, we demonstrate that there is also a FMC subset defined as TN FMC, which is characterised by a statistically significant association with m-TOR and p-mTOR expression as demonstrated in human breast cancer.
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Wang Y, Huang X, Han J, Zheng W, Ma W. Extract of Perilla frutescens inhibits tumor proliferation of HCC via PI3K/AKT signal pathway. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES : AJTCAM 2012; 10:251-257. [PMID: 24146448 PMCID: PMC3746572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, isoegomaketone(IK) was isolated from Perilla frutescens(L.), a Chinese herbal. The effects of IK were examined by cell viability assay, colony formation assay, xenograft tumor assay and western blotting in HCC cells. We found that IK inhibited cell viability, and its administration decreased tumor volume and weight profoundly. The presence of IK(10 nmol/l) produced a dramatic decrease of pAkt, while total Akt level was not affected. The data suggested that IK from perilla suppressed HCC tumor growth via blocking PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Southern Medical University, Tonghe, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
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