1
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Ashey J, McKelvie H, Freeman J, Shpilker P, Zane LH, Becker DM, Cowen L, Richmond RH, Paul VJ, Seneca FO, Putnam HM. Characterizing transcriptomic responses to sediment stress across location and morphology in reef-building corals. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16654. [PMID: 38313033 PMCID: PMC10836209 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities increase sediment suspended in the water column and deposition on reefs can be largely dependent on colony morphology. Massive and plating corals have a high capacity to trap sediments, and active removal mechanisms can be energetically costly. Branching corals trap less sediment but are more susceptible to light limitation caused by suspended sediment. Despite deleterious effects of sediments on corals, few studies have examined the molecular response of corals with different morphological characteristics to sediment stress. To address this knowledge gap, this study assessed the transcriptomic responses of branching and massive corals in Florida and Hawai'i to varying levels of sediment exposure. Gene expression analysis revealed a molecular responsiveness to sediments across species and sites. Differential Gene Expression followed by Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis identified that branching corals had the largest transcriptomic response to sediments, in developmental processes and metabolism, while significantly enriched GO terms were highly variable between massive corals, despite similar morphologies. Comparison of DEGs within orthogroups revealed that while all corals had DEGs in response to sediment, there was not a concerted gene set response by morphology or location. These findings illuminate the species specificity and genetic basis underlying coral susceptibility to sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Ashey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Hailey McKelvie
- Department of Computer Science, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States
| | - John Freeman
- Department of Computer Science, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Polina Shpilker
- Department of Computer Science, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Lauren H. Zane
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Danielle M. Becker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Lenore Cowen
- Department of Computer Science, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Robert H. Richmond
- Kewalo Marine Lab, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
| | - Valerie J. Paul
- Smithsonian Marine Station, Smithsonian, Fort Pierce, Florida, United States
| | | | - Hollie M. Putnam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, United States
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2
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Vinikoor T, Dzidotor GK, Le TT, Liu Y, Kan HM, Barui S, Chorsi MT, Curry EJ, Reinhardt E, Wang H, Singh P, Merriman MA, D'Orio E, Park J, Xiao S, Chapman JH, Lin F, Truong CS, Prasadh S, Chuba L, Killoh S, Lee SW, Wu Q, Chidambaram RM, Lo KWH, Laurencin CT, Nguyen TD. Injectable and biodegradable piezoelectric hydrogel for osteoarthritis treatment. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6257. [PMID: 37802985 PMCID: PMC10558537 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41594-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis affects millions of people worldwide but current treatments using analgesics or anti-inflammatory drugs only alleviate symptoms of this disease. Here, we present an injectable, biodegradable piezoelectric hydrogel, made of short electrospun poly-L-lactic acid nanofibers embedded inside a collagen matrix, which can be injected into the joints and self-produce localized electrical cues under ultrasound activation to drive cartilage healing. In vitro, data shows that the piezoelectric hydrogel with ultrasound can enhance cell migration and induce stem cells to secrete TGF-β1, which promotes chondrogenesis. In vivo, the rabbits with osteochondral critical-size defects receiving the ultrasound-activated piezoelectric hydrogel show increased subchondral bone formation, improved hyaline-cartilage structure, and good mechanical properties, close to healthy native cartilage. This piezoelectric hydrogel is not only useful for cartilage healing but also potentially applicable to other tissue regeneration, offering a significant impact on the field of regenerative tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tra Vinikoor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Godwin K Dzidotor
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Thinh T Le
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Center of Digital Dentistry/Department of Prosthodontics/Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Ho-Man Kan
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Srimanta Barui
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Meysam T Chorsi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Eli J Curry
- Eli Lilly and Company, 450 Kendall Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Emily Reinhardt
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, 61 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3089, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Hanzhang Wang
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 63 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Parbeen Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Marc A Merriman
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Ethan D'Orio
- Department of Advanced Manufacturing for Energy Systems Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Jinyoung Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Shuyang Xiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 25 King Hill Road, Unit 3136, Storrs, CT, 06269-3136, USA
| | - James H Chapman
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Cao-Sang Truong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Somasundaram Prasadh
- Center for Clean Energy Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Lisa Chuba
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Shaelyn Killoh
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Seok-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 25 King Hill Road, Unit 3136, Storrs, CT, 06269-3136, USA
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Qian Wu
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 63 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Ramaswamy M Chidambaram
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Kevin W H Lo
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Cato T Laurencin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 25 King Hill Road, Unit 3136, Storrs, CT, 06269-3136, USA
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Thanh D Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
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3
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Busa P, Huang N, Kuthati Y, Wong CS. Vitamin D reduces pain and cartilage destruction in knee osteoarthritis animals through inhibiting the matrix metalloprotease (MMPs) expression. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15268. [PMID: 37123896 PMCID: PMC10130884 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of vitamin D (VITD) in OA Wistar rats induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection combined with medial meniscectomy (ACLT + MMx). In ACLT + MMx-induced OA rats, pain severity, cartilage destruction, inflammatory cytokines, and MMPs were all measured. Materials and methods ACLT + MMx methods were used to induce OA, and pain behavioral studies such as the weight bearing test and paw withdrawal test were performed while the knee width and body weights were also measured. Furthermore, Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining was used to determine knee histopathological studies, as well as OARSI scoring, cartilage thickness, cartilage width, and cartilage degradation scores. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) studies were used to check the serum levels of VITD, C-telopeptide of Type II collagen (CTX-II), and pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-10 (IL-10), and MMPs (MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-13). Finally, the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test was used to determine the levels of MMPs, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 in IL-1β stimulated chondrocytes. Results The oral VITD supplement significantly reduced OA pain, inflammation, cartilage destruction, and MMPs levels. Furthermore, serum VITD levels increased while CTX-II levels decreased, indicating that VITD reduced cartilage degradation effectively. Moreover, VITD supplementation reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 cytokines while increasing the expression of anti-inflammatory IL-10. The elevation of MMPs after ACLT + MMx surgery contributed to articular cartilage destruction, which was reduced by VITD supplementation. Finally, VITD supplementation significantly reduces serum levels of MMPs, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 while increasing IL-10 levels. Then, using the in-vitro cytotoxicity (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) MTT assay, examine the cytotoxicity profile of VITD in rat chondrocytes after stimulated with IL-1β, which shows no toxicity in the dose range of VITD 0-500 IU. Finally, RT-PCR studies in IL-1β stimulated rat chondrocytes revealed that VITD (50, 100, and 500 IU) significantly reduced the mRNA levels of MMPs, NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-6, while increasing IL-10 levels, indicating that VITD reduced chondrocyte destruction and overcame harsh conditions in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Overall, the in vivo and in vitro findings show that VITD effectively reduces OA pain, inflammation, and chondrocyte destruction by lowering MMPs levels specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Busa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Niancih Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yaswanth Kuthati
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Shung Wong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Corresponding author. Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, #280, Renai Road, Section 4, Taipei, Taiwan.
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4
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Yang L, Martin JA, Brouillette MJ, Buckwalter JA, Goetz JE. Objective evaluation of chondrocyte density & cloning after joint injury using convolutional neural networks. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:2609-2619. [PMID: 35171527 PMCID: PMC9378771 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Variations in chondrocyte density and organization in cartilage histology sections are associated with osteoarthritis progression. Rapid, accurate quantification of these two features can facilitate the evaluation of cartilage health and advance the understanding of their significance. The goal of this work was to adapt deep-learning-based methods to detect articular chondrocytes and chondrocyte clones from safranin-O-stained cartilage to evaluate chondrocyte cellularity and organization. The U-net and "you-only-look-once" (YOLO) models were trained and validated for identifying chondrocytes and chondrocyte clones, respectively. Validated models were then used to quantify chondrocyte and clone density in talar cartilage from Yucatan minipigs sacrificed 1 week, 3, 6, and 12 months after fixation of an intra-articular fracture of the hock joint. There was excellent/good agreement between expert researchers and the developed models in identifying chondrocytes/clones (U-net: R2 = 0.93, y = 0.90x-0.69; median F1 score: 0.87/YOLO: R2 = 0.79, y = 0.95x; median F1 score: 0.67). Average chondrocyte density increased 1 week after fracture (from 774 to 856 cells/mm2 ), decreased substantially 3 months after fracture (610 cells/mm2 ), and slowly increased 6 and 12 months after fracture (638 and 683 cells/mm2 , respectively). Average detected clone density 3, 6, and 12 months after fracture (11, 11, 9 clones/mm2 ) was higher than the 4-5 clones/mm2 detected in normal tissue or 1 week after fracture and show local increases in clone density that varied across the joint surface with time. The accurate evaluation of cartilage cellularity and organization provided by this deep learning approach will increase objectivity of cartilage injury and regeneration assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjun Yang
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA,Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - James A. Martin
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA,Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Marc J. Brouillette
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | | | - Jessica E. Goetz
- Department of Orthopedics and RehabilitationUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA,Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
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5
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Levingstone TJ, Sheehy EJ, Moran CJ, Cunniffe GM, Diaz Payno PJ, Brady RT, Almeida HV, Carroll SF, O’Byrne JM, Kelly DJ, Brama PAJ, O’ Brien FJ. Evaluation of a co-culture of rapidly isolated chondrocytes and stem cells seeded on tri-layered collagen-based scaffolds in a caprine osteochondral defect model. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOSYSTEMS 2022; 8:100066. [PMID: 36824377 PMCID: PMC9934472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2022.100066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage has poor regenerative capacity and thus damage to the joint surfaces presents a major clinical challenge. Recent research has focussed on the development of tissue-engineered and cell-based approaches for the treatment of cartilage and osteochondral injuries, with current clinically available cell-based approaches including autologous chondrocyte implantation and matrix-assisted autologous chondrocyte implantation. However, these approaches have significant disadvantages due to the requirement for a two-stage surgical procedure and an in vitro chondrocyte expansion phase which increases logistical challenges, hospital times and costs. In this study, we hypothesized that seeding biomimetic tri-layered scaffolds, with proven regenerative potential, with chondrocyte/infrapatellar fat pad stromal cell co-cultures would improve their regenerative capacity compared to scaffolds implanted cell-free. Rapid cell isolation techniques, without the requirement for long term in vitro culture, were utilised to achieve co-cultures of chondrocytes and stromal cells and thus overcome the limitations of existing cell-based techniques. Cell-free and cell-seeded scaffolds were implanted in osteochondral defects, created within the femoral condyle and trochlear ridge, in a translational large animal goat model. While analysis showed trends towards delayed subchondral bone healing in the cell-seeded scaffold group, by the 12 month timepoint the cell-free and cell-seeded groups yield cartilage and bone tissue with comparable quality and quantity. The results of the study reinforce the potential of the biomimetic tri-layered scaffold to repair joint defects but failed to demonstrate a clear benefit from the addition of the CC/FPMSC co-culture to this scaffold. Taking into consideration the additional cost and complexity associated with the cell-seeded scaffold approach, this study demonstrates that the treatment of osteochondral defects using cell-free tri-layered scaffolds may represent a more prudent clinical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya J. Levingstone
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland,Centre for Medical Engineering Research (MEDeng), Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland,Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland,Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland,Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Eamon J. Sheehy
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland,Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin 2, Ireland,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Ireland
| | - Conor J. Moran
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland,Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Gráinne M. Cunniffe
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin 2, Ireland,Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland,National Spinal Injuries Unit, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pedro J. Diaz Payno
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin 2, Ireland,Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Robert T. Brady
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland,Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Henrique V. Almeida
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin 2, Ireland,Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland,iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Simon F. Carroll
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin 2, Ireland,Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - John M. O’Byrne
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland,Cappagh National Orthopaedic Hospital, Finglas, Dublin 11, Ireland
| | - Daniel J. Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin 2, Ireland,Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pieter AJ. Brama
- Section Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Fergal J. O’ Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland,Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin 2, Ireland,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Ireland,Corresponding author at: Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123St. Stephen's Green, Ireland
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6
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Yang L, Brouillette MJ, Coleman MC, Kluz PN, Goetz JE. Automated quantification of live articular chondrocyte fluorescent staining using a custom image analysis framework. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:1203-1212. [PMID: 34191348 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to develop, validate, and implement an image analysis framework to automatically analyze chondrocytes in 3D image stacks of cartilage acquired using a fluorescent confocal microscope. Source specimens consist of viable osteochondral tissue co-stained with multiple live-cell dyes. Our framework utilizes a seeded watershed-based algorithm to automatically segment individual chondrocytes in each 2D slice of the confocal image stack. The resulting cell segmentations are colocalized in 3D to eliminate duplicate segmentation of the same cell resulting from the visibility of fluorescence signal in multiple imaging planes, and the 3D cell distribution is used to automatically define the cartilage tissue volume. The algorithm then provides chondrocyte density data, and the associated segmentation can be used as a mask to extract and quantify per cell intensity of a secondary, functional dye co-staining the chondrocytes. The accuracy of the automated chondrocyte segmentation was validated against manual segmentations (average IOU = 0.79). When applied to a cartilage surrogate, this analysis framework estimated chondrocyte density within 10% of the true density and demonstrated a good agreement between framework's counts and manual counts (R2 = 0.99). In a real application, the framework was able to detect the increased dye signal of monochlorobimane (MCB) in chondrocytes treated with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) after mechanical injury, quantifying intracellular biochemical changes in living cells. This new framework allows for fast and accurate quantification of intracellular activities of chondrocytes, and it can be adapted for broader application in many imaging and treatment modalities, including therapeutic OA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjun Yang
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Marc J Brouillette
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Mitchell C Coleman
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Paige N Kluz
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jessica E Goetz
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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7
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Hulme CH, Perry J, McCarthy HS, Wright KT, Snow M, Mennan C, Roberts S. Cell therapy for cartilage repair. Emerg Top Life Sci 2021; 5:575-589. [PMID: 34423830 PMCID: PMC8589441 DOI: 10.1042/etls20210015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine, using cells as therapeutic agents for the repair or regeneration of tissues and organs, offers great hope for the future of medicine. Cell therapy for treating defects in articular cartilage has been an exemplar of translating this technology to the clinic, but it is not without its challenges. These include applying regulations, which were designed for pharmaceutical agents, to living cells. In addition, using autologous cells as the therapeutic agent brings additional costs and logistical challenges compared with using allogeneic cells. The main cell types used in treating chondral or osteochondral defects in joints to date are chondrocytes and mesenchymal stromal cells derived from various sources such as bone marrow, adipose tissue or umbilical cord. This review discusses some of their biology and pre-clinical studies before describing the most pertinent clinical trials in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte H. Hulme
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, U.K
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, U.K
| | - Jade Perry
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, U.K
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, U.K
| | - Helen S. McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, U.K
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, U.K
| | - Karina T. Wright
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, U.K
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, U.K
| | - Martyn Snow
- The Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Claire Mennan
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, U.K
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, U.K
| | - Sally Roberts
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, U.K
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, U.K
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8
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Labusca L, Herea DD, Emanuela Minuti A, Stavila C, Danceanu C, Plamadeala P, Chiriac H, Lupu N. Magnetic Nanoparticles and Magnetic Field Exposure Enhances Chondrogenesis of Human Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells But Not of Wharton Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:737132. [PMID: 34733830 PMCID: PMC8558412 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.737132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Iron oxide based magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) are versatile tools in biology and medicine. Adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC) and Wharton Jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSC) are currently tested in different strategies for regenerative regenerative medicine (RM) purposes. Their superiority compared to other mesenchymal stem cell consists in larger availability, and superior proliferative and differentiation potential. Magnetic field (MF) exposure of MNP-loaded ADSC has been proposed as a method to deliver mechanical stimulation for increasing conversion to musculoskeletal lineages. In this study, we investigated comparatively chondrogenic conversion of ADSC-MNP and WJMSC with or without MF exposure in order to identify the most appropriate cell source and differentiation protocol for future cartilage engineering strategies. Methods: Human primary ADSC and WJMSC from various donors were loaded with proprietary uncoated MNP. The in vitro effect on proliferation and cellular senescence (beta galactosidase assay) in long term culture was assessed. In vitro chondrogenic differentiation in pellet culture system, with or without MF exposure, was assessed using pellet histology (Safranin O staining) as well as quantitative evaluation of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) deposition per cell. Results: ADSC-MNP complexes displayed superior proliferative capability and decreased senescence after long term (28 days) culture in vitro compared to non-loaded ADSC and to WJMSC-MNP. Significant increase in chondrogenesis conversion in terms of GAG/cell ratio could be observed in ADSC-MNP. MF exposure increased glycosaminoglycan deposition in MNP-loaded ADSC, but not in WJMSC. Conclusion: ADSC-MNP display decreased cellular senescence and superior chondrogenic capability in vitro compared to non-loaded cells as well as to WJMSC-MNP. MF exposure further increases ADSC-MNP chondrogenesis in ADSC, but not in WJMSC. Loading ADSC with MNP can derive a successful procedure for obtaining improved chondrogenesis in ADSC. Further in vivo studies are needed to confirm the utility of ADSC-MNP complexes for cartilage engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luminita Labusca
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, Iasi, Romania
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Clinic County Emergency Hospital Saint Spiridon, Iasi, Romania
| | - Dumitru-Daniel Herea
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Emanuela Minuti
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, Iasi, Romania
- Faculty of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Stavila
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, Iasi, Romania
- Faculty of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania
| | - Camelia Danceanu
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, Iasi, Romania
- Faculty of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania
| | - Petru Plamadeala
- Pathology Department County Children Emergency Hospital Saint Mary, Iasi, Romania
| | - Horia Chiriac
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, Iasi, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Lupu
- National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, Iasi, Romania
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9
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Li X, Dai B, Guo J, Zheng L, Guo Q, Peng J, Xu J, Qin L. Nanoparticle-Cartilage Interaction: Pathology-Based Intra-articular Drug Delivery for Osteoarthritis Therapy. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 13:149. [PMID: 34160733 PMCID: PMC8222488 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00670-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent chronic and debilitating joint disease, resulting in huge medical and socioeconomic burdens. Intra-articular administration of agents is clinically used for pain management. However, the effectiveness is inapparent caused by the rapid clearance of agents. To overcome this issue, nanoparticles as delivery systems hold considerable promise for local control of the pharmacokinetics of therapeutic agents. Given the therapeutic programs are inseparable from pathological progress of osteoarthritis, an ideal delivery system should allow the release of therapeutic agents upon specific features of disorders. In this review, we firstly introduce the pathological features of osteoarthritis and the design concept for accurate localization within cartilage for sustained drug release. Then, we review the interactions of nanoparticles with cartilage microenvironment and the rational design. Furthermore, we highlight advances in the therapeutic schemes according to the pathology signals. Finally, armed with an updated understanding of the pathological mechanisms, we place an emphasis on the development of "smart" bioresponsive and multiple modality nanoparticles on the near horizon to interact with the pathological signals. We anticipate that the exploration of nanoparticles by balancing the efficacy, safety, and complexity will lay down a solid foundation tangible for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
- Joint Laboratory of Chinese Academic of Science and Hong Kong for Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
- Innovative Orthopedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingyang Dai
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
- Joint Laboratory of Chinese Academic of Science and Hong Kong for Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
- Innovative Orthopedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Guo
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
- Joint Laboratory of Chinese Academic of Science and Hong Kong for Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
- Innovative Orthopedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhen Zheng
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
- Joint Laboratory of Chinese Academic of Science and Hong Kong for Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
- Innovative Orthopedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanyi Guo
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiankun Xu
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
- Joint Laboratory of Chinese Academic of Science and Hong Kong for Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
- Innovative Orthopedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ling Qin
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
- Joint Laboratory of Chinese Academic of Science and Hong Kong for Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
- Innovative Orthopedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Risch M, Easley JT, McCready EG, Troyer KL, Johnson JW, Gadomski BC, McGilvray KC, Kisiday JD, Nelson BB. Mechanical, biochemical, and morphological topography of ovine knee cartilage. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:780-787. [PMID: 32833239 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The knee is the most common site for translational cartilage research in sheep, though topographic features of articular cartilage across surfaces are unspecified. We aimed to characterize the mechanical, morphological, and biochemical properties of articular cartilage across ovine knee surfaces and document variations between and within surface locations. Regions of interest (ROIs) were delineated across surfaces of 10 healthy ovine knees. Articular cartilage at each ROI was measured for creep indentation, thickness, and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen content. Variables were compared between surface locations (trochlea, and lateral [LFC] and medial [MFC] femoral condyles) and between ROIs within each surface location. Correlations between variables were also assessed. Articular surface location had a significant effect on creep (P < .0001), thickness (P < .0001), and collagen (P = .0007), but not GAG (P = .28). Significant differences in percent creep between ROIs were found within the LFC (P < .0001), MFC (P < .0001), and trochlea (P = .0002). Cartilage thickness was different between ROIs within the LFC, MFC, and trochlea (all P < .0001). The LFC (P = .002) and trochlea (P = .01) each had significant differences in GAG between ROIs. Collagen content between ROIs was different within the LFC (P = .0003), MFC (P = .0005), and trochlea (P < .0001). Collagen content was correlated with thickness (r = -.55), percent creep (r = .47), and GAG (r = -.21). Percent creep was correlated with thickness (r = -.64) and GAG (r = -.19). Topographic variations in mechanical, morphological, and biochemical properties exist across knee cartilage surfaces in sheep. Recognition of this variability is important to optimize study protocols and improve accuracy of results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makayla Risch
- Preclinical Surgical Research Laboratory, C. Wayne McIlwraith Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Jeremiah T Easley
- Preclinical Surgical Research Laboratory, C. Wayne McIlwraith Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Erin G McCready
- Preclinical Surgical Research Laboratory, C. Wayne McIlwraith Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Kevin L Troyer
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.,Woodward, Inc., Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - James W Johnson
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Benjamin C Gadomski
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Kirk C McGilvray
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - John D Kisiday
- Orthopaedic Research Center, C. Wayne McIlwraith Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Brad B Nelson
- Preclinical Surgical Research Laboratory, C. Wayne McIlwraith Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.,Orthopaedic Research Center, C. Wayne McIlwraith Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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11
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Thorp H, Kim K, Kondo M, Maak T, Grainger DW, Okano T. Trends in Articular Cartilage Tissue Engineering: 3D Mesenchymal Stem Cell Sheets as Candidates for Engineered Hyaline-Like Cartilage. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030643. [PMID: 33805764 PMCID: PMC7998529 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage defects represent an inciting factor for future osteoarthritis (OA) and degenerative joint disease progression. Despite multiple clinically available therapies that succeed in providing short term pain reduction and restoration of limited mobility, current treatments do not reliably regenerate native hyaline cartilage or halt cartilage degeneration at these defect sites. Novel therapeutics aimed at addressing limitations of current clinical cartilage regeneration therapies increasingly focus on allogeneic cells, specifically mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as potent, banked, and available cell sources that express chondrogenic lineage commitment capabilities. Innovative tissue engineering approaches employing allogeneic MSCs aim to develop three-dimensional (3D), chondrogenically differentiated constructs for direct and immediate replacement of hyaline cartilage, improve local site tissue integration, and optimize treatment outcomes. Among emerging tissue engineering technologies, advancements in cell sheet tissue engineering offer promising capabilities for achieving both in vitro hyaline-like differentiation and effective transplantation, based on controlled 3D cellular interactions and retained cellular adhesion molecules. This review focuses on 3D MSC-based tissue engineering approaches for fabricating “ready-to-use” hyaline-like cartilage constructs for future rapid in vivo regenerative cartilage therapies. We highlight current approaches and future directions regarding development of MSC-derived cartilage therapies, emphasizing cell sheet tissue engineering, with specific focus on regulating 3D cellular interactions for controlled chondrogenic differentiation and post-differentiation transplantation capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hallie Thorp
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (H.T.); (M.K.); (D.W.G.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 36 S Wasatch Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kyungsook Kim
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (H.T.); (M.K.); (D.W.G.)
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (T.O.); Tel.: +1-801-585-0070 (K.K. & T.O.); Fax: +1-801-581-3674 (K.K. & T.O.)
| | - Makoto Kondo
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (H.T.); (M.K.); (D.W.G.)
| | - Travis Maak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Utah, 590 Wakara Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA;
| | - David W. Grainger
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (H.T.); (M.K.); (D.W.G.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 36 S Wasatch Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Teruo Okano
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (H.T.); (M.K.); (D.W.G.)
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Wakamatsucho, 2−2, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (T.O.); Tel.: +1-801-585-0070 (K.K. & T.O.); Fax: +1-801-581-3674 (K.K. & T.O.)
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12
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Sánchez-Porras D, Durand-Herrera D, Paes AB, Chato-Astrain J, Verplancke R, Vanfleteren J, Sánchez-López JD, García-García ÓD, Campos F, Carriel V. Ex Vivo Generation and Characterization of Human Hyaline and Elastic Cartilaginous Microtissues for Tissue Engineering Applications. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030292. [PMID: 33809387 PMCID: PMC8001313 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the high prevalence of cartilage-associated pathologies, low self-repair capacity and limitations of current repair techniques, tissue engineering (TE) strategies have emerged as a promising alternative in this field. Three-dimensional culture techniques have gained attention in recent years, showing their ability to provide the most biomimetic environment for the cells under culture conditions, enabling the cells to fabricate natural, 3D functional microtissues (MTs). In this sense, the aim of this study was to generate, characterize and compare scaffold-free human hyaline and elastic cartilage-derived MTs (HC-MTs and EC-MTs, respectively) under expansion (EM) and chondrogenic media (CM). MTs were generated by using agarose microchips and evaluated ex vivo for 28 days. The MTs generated were subjected to morphometric assessment and cell viability, metabolic activity and histological analyses. Results suggest that the use of CM improves the biomimicry of the MTs obtained in terms of morphology, viability and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis with respect to the use of EM. Moreover, the overall results indicate a faster and more sensitive response of the EC-derived cells to the use of CM as compared to HC chondrocytes. Finally, future preclinical in vivo studies are still needed to determine the potential clinical usefulness of these novel advanced therapy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sánchez-Porras
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (D.S.-P.); (D.D.-H.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain; (J.C.-A.); (Ó.D.G.-G.)
- Doctoral Program in Biomedicine, Doctoral School, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Daniel Durand-Herrera
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (D.S.-P.); (D.D.-H.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain; (J.C.-A.); (Ó.D.G.-G.)
| | - Ana B. Paes
- Master Program in Tissue Engineering and Advanced Therapies, International School for Postgraduate Studies, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Jesús Chato-Astrain
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (D.S.-P.); (D.D.-H.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain; (J.C.-A.); (Ó.D.G.-G.)
| | - Rik Verplancke
- Centre for Microsystems Technology (CMST), imec and Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (R.V.); (J.V.)
| | - Jan Vanfleteren
- Centre for Microsystems Technology (CMST), imec and Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (R.V.); (J.V.)
| | - José Darío Sánchez-López
- Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Complex of Granada, 18013 Granada, Spain;
| | - Óscar Darío García-García
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (D.S.-P.); (D.D.-H.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain; (J.C.-A.); (Ó.D.G.-G.)
| | - Fernando Campos
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (D.S.-P.); (D.D.-H.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain; (J.C.-A.); (Ó.D.G.-G.)
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (V.C.); Tel.: +34-958-248-295 (V.C.)
| | - Víctor Carriel
- Department of Histology, Tissue Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (D.S.-P.); (D.D.-H.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain; (J.C.-A.); (Ó.D.G.-G.)
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (V.C.); Tel.: +34-958-248-295 (V.C.)
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13
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Fois GR, Valla C, Jouberton E, Sas N, Billoux T, Auzeloux P, Cachin F, Miot-Noirault E, Maigne L. Internal dosimetry of [ 99m Tc]NTP15-5 radiotracer for cartilage imaging in preclinical and clinical models using the GATE Monte Carlo platform. Med Phys 2020; 48:477-487. [PMID: 33217001 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to perform dosimetry for [99m Tc]NTP15-5 radiotracer used in imaging of articular cartilage in rabbits and humans. The radiotracer (covered by a world patent WO 01/00621 A1) has been proposed in the previous years for the study of cartilage in osteoarthritis diseases. A sensitive imaging approach is essential to quantify osteoarthritis progression and monitor response to new therapies. [99m Tc]NTP15-5 binds to cartilage proteoglycans whose decreased content is associated to a loss of biomedical function of cartilage. We have implemented the whole dosimetry study concerning this new radiotracer for rabbits and humans using the GATE Monte Carlo platform. MATERIALS AND METHODS Absorbed doses to critical organs are determined using the MIRD formalism. Biodistribution data are obtained by organ sampling, measuring the activity in organs for three rabbits sacrificed at various times postadministration, and by SPECT/CT imaging at different times after injection. Most important sources are cartilages (in knees and intervertebral discs), due to localization together with the liver and kidneys due to excretion of the agent. S-values are calculated from rabbit's CT scan and human CT scan using the GATE v8.0 Monte Carlo platform. Cumulated activity in humans is extrapolated from animals using the %kg-dose/g method. Particular attention is given to dose calculation in bones, bone marrow and organs at risk. RESULTS The dosimetry performed in rabbits shows highest absorbed doses for liver and kidneys with respectively 22.5 and 43.8 µGy per MBq of injected activity. In humans, we found absorbed doses for a maximum injected activity of 15 MBq/kg, that is, 1050 MBq for an adult of 70 kgs of 9.03 mGy for kidneys and 4.16 mGy for knee cartilages. Effective dose is 2.69 µSv/MBq. CONCLUSIONS The dosimetry profile of [99m Tc]NTP15-5 in the context of preclinical trials is of major importance in order to make sure that organs at risk are not overexposed. GATE provides all the capability needed to calculate dose profiles for internal dosimetry. The extrapolation of the dose for a human model is a first step towards clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Rosa Fois
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont, UMR6533, 4 avenue Blaise Pascal TSA 60026 CS, Clermont-Ferrand, Aubière cedex, 60026 63178, France
| | - Clémence Valla
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR1240, 58 Rue Montalembert, Clermont-Ferrand cedex, 63 005, France.,Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, 63011, France
| | - Elodie Jouberton
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR1240, 58 Rue Montalembert, Clermont-Ferrand cedex, 63 005, France.,Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, 63011, France
| | - Nicolas Sas
- Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, 63011, France
| | | | - Philippe Auzeloux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR1240, 58 Rue Montalembert, Clermont-Ferrand cedex, 63 005, France
| | - Florent Cachin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR1240, 58 Rue Montalembert, Clermont-Ferrand cedex, 63 005, France.,Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, 63011, France
| | - Elisabeth Miot-Noirault
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, UMR1240, 58 Rue Montalembert, Clermont-Ferrand cedex, 63 005, France.,Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, 63011, France
| | - Lydia Maigne
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont, UMR6533, 4 avenue Blaise Pascal TSA 60026 CS, Clermont-Ferrand, Aubière cedex, 60026 63178, France
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14
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Growth Plate Pathology in the Mucopolysaccharidosis Type VI Rat Model-An Experimental and Computational Approach. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10060360. [PMID: 32486376 PMCID: PMC7344727 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10060360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of inherited metabolic diseases caused by impaired function or absence of lysosomal enzymes involved in degradation of glycosaminoglycans. Clinically, MPS are skeletal dysplasias, characterized by cartilage abnormalities and disturbances in the process of endochondral ossification. Histologic abnormalities of growth cartilage have been reported at advanced stages of the disease, but information regarding growth plate pathology progression either in humans or in animal models, as well as its pathophysiology, is limited. METHODS Histological analyses of distal femur growth plates of wild type (WT) and mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS VI) rats at different stages of development were performed, including quantitative data. Experimental findings were then analyzed in a theoretical scenario. RESULTS Histological evaluation showed a progressive loss of histological architecture within the growth plate. Furthermore, in silico simulation suggest the abnormal cell distribution in the tissue may lead to alterations in biochemical gradients, which may be one of the factors contributing to the growth plate abnormalities observed, highlighting aspects that must be the focus of future experimental works. CONCLUSION The results presented shed some light on the progression of growth plate alterations observed in MPS VI and evidence the potentiality of combined theoretical and experimental approaches to better understand pathological scenarios, which is a necessary step to improve the search for novel therapeutic approaches.
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15
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Duarte FCK, Zwambag DP, Brown SHM, Clark A, Hurtig M, Srbely JZ. Increased Substance P Immunoreactivity in Ipsilateral Knee Cartilage of Rats Exposed to Lumbar Spine Injury. Cartilage 2020; 11:251-261. [PMID: 30461296 PMCID: PMC7097978 DOI: 10.1177/1947603518812568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate whether experimentally induced lumbar facet-joint OA lead to degenerative changes and enhanced SP expression within the ipsilateral neurosegmentally linked tibiofemoral cartilage. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to left side L5-L6 facet mechanical compression injury (surgery) (n = 6), L5-L6 facet exposure with no compression (sham) (n = 5), or naïve (no surgery) (n = 4) groups. The morphology of the tibiofemoral articular cartilage was assessed using a modified Mankin scoring system. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the density of chondrocytes stained positive for SP (cells/cm2) in the ipsilateral tibiofemoral cartilage at 28 days postintervention. RESULTS Tibiofemoral cartilage in the surgery group showed consistent loss of superficial zone chondrocytes, mild roughening of the articular surface and occasional chondrocyte clusters as well as a greater density of SP mainly in the superficial cartilage zone compared with sham and naïve groups, although they also had a basic SP-expression. CONCLUSION Our results support the hypothesis that neurogenic mechanisms may mediate the spread of SP to neurosegmentally linked heterologous joints affecting the distal cartilage homeostasis. These findings contribute additional insight into the potential role of neurogenic inflammation with implications in the pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory joint disease and OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe C. K. Duarte
- Human Health and Nutritional Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Derek P. Zwambag
- Human Health and Nutritional Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen H. M. Brown
- Human Health and Nutritional Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Clark
- Human Health and Nutritional Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Hurtig
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Z. Srbely
- Human Health and Nutritional Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Gruber BL, Mienaltowski MJ, MacLeod JN, Schittny J, Kasper S, Flück M. Tenascin-C expression controls the maturation of articular cartilage in mice. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:78. [PMID: 32066496 PMCID: PMC7027060 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-4906-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Expression of the de-adhesive extracellular matrix protein tenascin-C (TNC) is associated with the early postnatal development of articular cartilage which is both load-dependent and associated with chondrocyte differentiation. We assessed morphological changes in the articular cartilage of TNC deficient mice at postnatal ages of 1, 4 and 8 weeks compared to age-matched wildtype mice. RESULTS Cartilage integrity was assessed based on hematoxylin and eosin stained-sections from the tibial bone using a modified Mankin score. Chondrocyte density and cartilage thickness were assessed morphometrically. TNC expression was localized based on immunostaining. At 8 weeks of age, the formed tangential/transitional zone of the articular cartilage was 27% thicker and the density of chondrocytes in the articular cartilage was 55% lower in wildtype than the TNC-deficient mice. TNC protein expression was associated with chondrocytes. No relevant changes were found in mice at 1 and 4 weeks of age. The findings indicate a role of tenascin-C in the post-natal maturation of the extracellular matrix in articular cartilage. This might be a compensatory mechanism to strengthen resilience against mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian L Gruber
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopedics, University of Zurich, Balgrist Campus, Lengghalde 5, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael J Mienaltowski
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - James N MacLeod
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Stephanie Kasper
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopedics, University of Zurich, Balgrist Campus, Lengghalde 5, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Flück
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopedics, University of Zurich, Balgrist Campus, Lengghalde 5, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Institute of Anatomy, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.
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17
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Deckers C, Stephan P, Wever KE, Hooijmans CR, Hannink G. The protective effect of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction on articular cartilage: a systematic review of animal studies. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:219-229. [PMID: 30317001 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is unclear if anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction can prevent the onset of degenerative changes in the knee. Previous studies were inconclusive on this subject. The aim of this study was to systematically review all studies on the effect of ACL reconstruction on articular cartilage in animals. DESIGN Pubmed and Embase were searched to identify all original articles concerning the effect of ACL reconstruction on articular cartilage compared with both its positive (ACL transection) and negative (sham and/or non-operated) control in animals. Subsequently a Risk of bias and meta analysis was conducted based on five outcomes (gross macroscopic assessment, medical imaging, histological histochemical grading, histomophometrics and biomechanical characterization) related to articular cartilage. RESULTS From the 19 included studies, 29 independent comparisons could be identified which underwent ACL reconstruction with an average timing of data collection of 23 weeks (range 1-104 weeks). Due to limited data availability meta-analysis could only be conducted for gross macroscopic damage. ACL reconstruction caused significant gross macroscopic damage compared with intact controls (SMD 2.0 [0.88; 3.13]). These findings were supported by individual studies reporting on histomorphometrics, histology and imaging. No significant gross macroscopic damage was found when ACL reconstruction was compared with ACL transection (SMD -0.64 [-1.85; 0.57]). CONCLUSION This systematic review with an average follow up of included studies of 23 weeks (range 1-104 weeks) demonstrates that, in animals, ACL reconstruction does not protect articular cartilage from degenerative changes. The consistency of the direction of effect, provides some reassurance that the direction of effect in humans might be the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Deckers
- Department of Orthopedics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - P Stephan
- Department of Orthopedics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - K E Wever
- Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - C R Hooijmans
- Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - G Hannink
- Department of Orthopedics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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18
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Hernigou J, Vertongen P, Chahidi E, Kyriakidis T, Dehoux JP, Crutzen M, Boutry S, Larbanoix L, Houben S, Gaspard N, Koulalis D, Rasschaert J. Effects of press-fit biphasic (collagen and HA/βTCP) scaffold with cell-based therapy on cartilage and subchondral bone repair knee defect in rabbits. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2018; 42:1755-1767. [PMID: 29882123 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-018-3999-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee (SPONK) is still challenging as the current treatments do not allow the production of hyaline cartilage tissue. The aim of the present study was to explore the therapeutic potential of cartilage regeneration using a new biphasic scaffold (type I collagen/hydroxyapatite) previously loaded or not with concentrated bone marrow cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Female rabbits were operated of one knee to create articular lesions of the trochlea (three holes of 4 × 4mm). The holes were left empty in the control group or were filled with the scaffold alone or the scaffold previously loaded with concentrated bone marrow cells. After two months, rabbits were sacrificed and the structure of the newly formed tissues were evaluated by macroscopic, MRI, and immunohistochemistry analyses. RESULTS Macroscopic and MRI evaluation of the knees did not show differences between the three groups (p > 0.05). However, histological analysis demonstrated that a higher O'Driscoll score was obtained in the two groups treated with the scaffold, as compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The number of cells in treated area was higher in scaffold groups compared to the control group (p < 0.05). There was no difference for intensity of collagen type II between the groups (p > 0.05) but subchondral bone repair was significantly thicker in scaffold-treated groups than in the control group (1 mm for the control group vs 2.1 and 2.6 mm for scaffold groups). Furthermore, we observed that scaffolds previously loaded with concentrated bone marrow were more reabsorbed (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The use of a biphasic scaffold previously loaded with concentrated bone marrow significantly improves cartilage lesion healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Hernigou
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology Surgery, EpiCURA Hospital, Baudour, Hornu, Belgium. .,Laboratory of Bone and Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Pascale Vertongen
- Laboratory of Bone and Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Esfandiar Chahidi
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology Surgery, EpiCURA Hospital, Baudour, Hornu, Belgium
| | - Theofylaktos Kyriakidis
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology Surgery - Erasme Hospital, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Dehoux
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Transplantation (CHEX), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Magalie Crutzen
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Transplantation (CHEX), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Boutry
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), Université de Mons (UMONS), Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Lionel Larbanoix
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), Université de Mons (UMONS), Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Sarah Houben
- Laboratory of Histology, Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Gaspard
- Laboratory of Bone and Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dimitrios Koulalis
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology Surgery - Erasme Hospital, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joanne Rasschaert
- Laboratory of Bone and Metabolic Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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19
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Xia Y, Darling EM, Herzog W. Functional properties of chondrocytes and articular cartilage using optical imaging to scanning probe microscopy. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:620-631. [PMID: 28975657 PMCID: PMC5839958 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mature chondrocytes in adult articular cartilage vary in number, size, and shape, depending on their depth in the tissue, location in the joint, and source species. Chondrocytes are the primary structural, functional, and metabolic unit in articular cartilage, the loss of which will induce fatigue to the extracellular matrix (ECM), eventually leading to failure of the cartilage and impairment of the joint as a whole. This brief review focuses on the functional and biomechanical studies of chondrocytes and articular cartilage, using microscopic imaging from optical microscopies to scanning probe microscopy. Three topics are covered in this review, including the functional studies of chondrons by optical imaging (unpolarized and polarized light and infrared light, two-photon excitation microscopy), the probing of chondrocytes and cartilage directly using microscale measurement techniques, and different imaging approaches that can measure chondrocyte mechanics and chondrocyte biological signaling under in situ and in vivo environments. Technical advancement in chondrocyte research during recent years has enabled new ways to study the biomechanical and functional properties of these cells and cartilage. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:620-631, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xia
- Dept of Physics and Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Eric M. Darling
- Dept of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, Dept of Orthopaedics, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Walter Herzog
- Faculties of Kinesiology, Engineering and Medicine, University of Calgary, AB T2T 1N4, Canada
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20
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Chiu LL, Giardini-Rosa R, Weber JF, Cushing SL, Waldman SD. Comparisons of Auricular Cartilage Tissues from Different Species. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2017; 126:819-828. [DOI: 10.1177/0003489417738789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Loraine L.Y. Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Renata Giardini-Rosa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hematology and Hemotherapy Center (Hemocentro), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Joanna F. Weber
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sharon L. Cushing
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stephen D. Waldman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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21
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Takahashi H, Tamaki H, Yamamoto N, Onishi H. Articular chondrocyte alignment in the rat after surgically induced osteoarthritis. J Phys Ther Sci 2017; 29:598-604. [PMID: 28533592 PMCID: PMC5430255 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.29.598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Chondrocytes in articular cartilage are aligned as columns from the joint
surface. Notably, loss of chondrocyte and abnormalities of differentiation factors give
rise to osteoarthritis (OA). However, the relationship between chondrocyte alignment and
OA progression remains unclear. This study was performed to investigate temporal
alterations in surgically-induced OA rats. [Subjects and Methods] Thirteen-week-old Wistar
rats (n=30) underwent destabilized medial meniscus surgery in their right knee and sham
surgery in their left knee. Specimens (n=5) were collected at 0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after
surgery. Histological analysis with Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI)
scores, cell density ratios, cell alignments and correlation between OARSI scores and cell
density/alignment was performed. [Results] OARSI scores were significantly higher at 1, 2,
4 and 8 weeks in the DMM group than in the control. Cell density ratios were decreased
significantly in the DMM group at 2, 4 and 8 weeks compared with the control. Chondrocyte
alignment was decreased significantly in the DMM group at 4 and 8 weeks. There were
negative correlations between OA severity and cell density / cell alignment. [Conclusion]
The results suggest a relationship between chondrocyte alignment and cartilage
homeostasis, which plays an important role in OA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Takahashi
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tamaki
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Japan
| | - Noriaki Yamamoto
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Niigata Rehabilitation Hospital, Japan
| | - Hideaki Onishi
- Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Japan
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22
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van der Kraan PM. Factors that influence outcome in experimental osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:369-375. [PMID: 27616682 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease but an effective pharmacological therapy has not been developed yet. To identify targets for treatment and ways to interfere with OA development and progression both spontaneous and induced OA models are still needed. In this narrative review it is discussed what variables can be identified that lead to variation in OA animal model studies. DESIGN Literature was screened (Pubmed) with the following terms; OA animal models in combination with species, age, strain, gender/sex, housing, diet, fighting, circadian rhythm, transgenic. Relevant articles were selected and additional papers were searched for and read for specific subtopics. RESULTS Studies with OA models are subject to a multitude of variables, stimuli and conditions that can influence the outcome of an animal experiment. Outcome will depend on amongst others; the model used, species and strain, age, gender, diet, housing conditions, circadian rhythm, timing of intervention, stress levels and activity. Variations in these variables can account for discrepancies between OA model experiments, intervention studies and conclusions. CONCLUSION To improve OA animal model research, investigators should be aware of all the stimuli and conditions that can interfere with disease development and disease intervention and take these into account in their study design and execution.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M van der Kraan
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboudumc, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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23
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Bajpayee AG, Grodzinsky AJ. Cartilage-targeting drug delivery: can electrostatic interactions help? Nat Rev Rheumatol 2017; 13:183-193. [PMID: 28202920 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2016.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Current intra-articular drug delivery methods do not guarantee sufficient drug penetration into cartilage tissue to reach cell and matrix targets at the concentrations necessary to elicit the desired biological response. Here, we provide our perspective on the utilization of charge-charge (electrostatic) interactions to enhance drug penetration and transport into cartilage, and to enable sustained binding of drugs within the tissue's highly negatively charged extracellular matrix. By coupling drugs to positively charged nanocarriers that have optimal size and charge, cartilage can be converted from a drug barrier into a drug reservoir for sustained intra-tissue delivery. Alternatively, a wide variety of drugs themselves can be made cartilage-penetrating by functionalizing them with specialized positively charged protein domains. Finally, we emphasize that appropriate animal models, with cartilage thickness similar to that of humans, must be used for the study of drug transport and retention in cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika G Bajpayee
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Alan J Grodzinsky
- Departments of Biological Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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24
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Iwasaki K, Sudo H, Kasahara Y, Yamada K, Ohnishi T, Tsujimoto T, Iwasaki N. Effects of Multiple Intra-articular Injections of 0.5% Bupivacaine on Normal and Osteoarthritic Joints in Rats. Arthroscopy 2016; 32:2026-2036. [PMID: 27132778 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the in vivo effects of multiple local anesthetic injections of 0.5% bupivacaine on normal and osteoarthritic articular cartilage. METHODS Rats with normal knee joints received an intra-articular injection of 0.9% saline solution or 0.5% bupivacaine in their right knees joint once a week for 5 consecutive weeks, starting 4 weeks after the beginning of the experiment. Rats were humanely killed at 8, 16, and 24 weeks. In a parallel experiment, rats underwent anterior cruciate ligament transection to induce osteoarthritic changes. These rats were subjected to the same protocol as those with normal knee joints, starting 4 weeks after the procedure. Static weight-bearing tests were performed on both hind limbs to evaluate changes in weight-bearing ability throughout the experiments. Rats were humanely killed at 8 and 16 weeks. Cell viability was assessed with confocal microscopy, using samples from the distal femur. Histologic assessment of osteoarthritis was performed using samples from the tibial plateau based on the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) cartilage histopathology assessment system (i.e., OARSI score). RESULTS Static weight-bearing tests showed no significant changes after intra-articular injection of saline solution or bupivacaine, and bupivacaine injection did not increase weight bearing compared with saline solution injection, regardless of whether there were osteoarthritic changes. There were also no significant differences in cell viability, cell density, or OARSI scores between the saline solution and bupivacaine groups at each time point, regardless of whether osteoarthritic changes were induced. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that single or intermittent intra-articular bupivacaine injections might not have deleterious effects on either osteoarthritic or normal joints. CLINICAL RELEVANCE There is no strong evidence that intra-articular bupivacaine injection induces degenerative changes in articular cartilage. Therefore, these results may apply to normal and osteoarthritic joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideki Sudo
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Spine and Spinal Cord Disorders, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiko Kasahara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Yamada
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohnishi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeru Tsujimoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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25
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Bajpayee AG, Scheu M, Grodzinsky AJ, Porter RM. A rabbit model demonstrates the influence of cartilage thickness on intra-articular drug delivery and retention within cartilage. J Orthop Res 2015; 33:660-7. [PMID: 25627105 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
For evaluation of new approaches to drug delivery into cartilage, the choice of an animal model is critically important. Since cartilage thickness varies with animal size, different levels of drug uptake, transport and retention should be expected. Simple intra-articular injection can require very high drug doses to achieve a concentration gradient high enough for drug diffusion into cartilage. New approaches involve nanoparticle delivery of functionalized drugs directly into cartilage; however, diffusion-binding kinetics proceeds as the square of cartilage thickness. In this study, we demonstrate the necessity of using larger animals for sustained intra-cartilage delivery and retention, exemplified by intra-articular injection of Avidin (drug-carrier) into rabbits and compared to rats in vivo. Penetration and retention of Avidin within cartilage is greatly enhanced by electrostatic interactions. Medial tibial cartilage was the thickest of rabbit cartilages, which generated the longest intra-cartilage half-life of Avidin (τ1/2 = 154 h). In contrast, Avidin half-life in thinner rat cartilage was 5-6 times shorter (τ1/2 ∼ 29 h). While a weak correlation (R(2) = 0.43) was found between Avidin half-lives and rabbit tissue GAG concentrations, this correlation improved dramatically (R(2) = 0.96) when normalized to the square of cartilage thickness, consistent with the importance of cartilage thickness to evaluation of drug delivery and retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika G Bajpayee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139; Center for Biomedical Engineering, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
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Bajpayee AG, Scheu M, Grodzinsky AJ, Porter RM. Electrostatic interactions enable rapid penetration, enhanced uptake and retention of intra-articular injected avidin in rat knee joints. J Orthop Res 2014; 32:1044-51. [PMID: 24753019 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Intra-articular (i.a.) drug delivery for local treatment of osteoarthritis remains inadequate due to rapid clearance by the vasculature or lymphatics. Local therapy targeting articular cartilage is further complicated by its dense meshwork of collagen and negatively charged proteoglycans, which can prevent even nano-sized solutes from entering. In a previous in vitro study, we showed that Avidin, due to its size (7 nm diameter) and high positive charge (pI 10.5), penetrated the full thickness of bovine cartilage and was retained for 15 days. With the goal of using Avidin as a nano-carrier for cartilage drug delivery, we investigated its transport properties within rat knee joints. Avidin penetrated the full thickness of articular cartilage within 6 h, with a half-life of 29 h, and stayed inside the joint for 7 days after i.a. injection. The highest concentration of Avidin was found in cartilage, the least in patellar tendon and none in the femoral bone; in contrast, negligible Neutravidin (neutral counterpart of Avidin) was present in cartilage after 24 h. A positive correlation between tissue sGAG content and Avidin uptake (R(2) = 0.83) confirmed the effects of electrostatic interactions. Avidin doses up to at least 1 µM did not affect bovine cartilage explant cell viability, matrix catabolism or biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambika G Bajpayee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139; Center for Biomedical Engineering, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
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27
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Tay LX, Lim CK, Mansor A, Kamarul T. Differential protein expression between chondrogenic differentiated MSCs, undifferentiated MSCs and adult chondrocytes derived from Oryctolagus cuniculus in vitro. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:24-33. [PMID: 24396283 PMCID: PMC3880988 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.7244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This preliminary study aims to determine the differentially expressed proteins from chondrogenic differentiated multipotent stromal cells (cMSCs) in comparison to undifferentiated multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) and adult chondrocytes (ACs). METHODS ACs and bone marrow-derived MSCs were harvested from New Zealand White rabbits (n = 3). ACs and cMSCs were embedded in alginate and were cultured using a defined chondrogenic medium containing transforming growth factor-beta 3 (TGF-β3). Chondrogenic expression was determined using type-II collagen, Safranin-O staining and glycosaminoglycan analyses. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) was used to isolate proteins from MSCs, cMSCs and ACs before being identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The differentially expressed proteins were then analyzed using image analysis software. RESULTS Both cMSCs and ACs were positively stained with type-II collagen and safranin-O. The expression of glycosaminoglycan in cMSCs was comparable to AC at which the highest level was observed at day-21 (p>0.05). Six protein spots were found to be most differentially expressed between MSCs, cMSCs and ACs. The protein spots cofilin-1 (CFL1) and glycealdehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPD) from cMSCs had expression levels similar to that of ACs whereas the others (ie. MYL6B, ALDOA, TAGLN2, EF1-alpha), did not match the expression level of ACs. CONCLUSION Despite having similar phenotypic expressions to ACs, cMSCs expressed proteins which were not typically expected. This may explain the reason for the unexplained lack of improvement in cartilage repair outcomes reported in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Xin Tay
- 1. Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), National Orthopaedic Center of Excellence for Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya,50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chin-Keong Lim
- 2. Centre of Studies for Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi Mara, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Azura Mansor
- 1. Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), National Orthopaedic Center of Excellence for Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya,50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tunku Kamarul
- 1. Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), National Orthopaedic Center of Excellence for Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya,50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ; 3. Clinical Investigative Centre (CIC), University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Kamisan N, Vasudevaraj Naveen S, Elina Ahmad R, Kamarul T. Erratum to: Chondrocyte density, proteoglycan content and gene expressions from native cartilage are species specific and not dependent on cartilage thickness: a comparative analysis between rat, rabbit and goat. BMC Vet Res 2013. [PMCID: PMC3707811 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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