1
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Neri JM, Siqueira PEA, Oliveira ALCDSL, Araújo RM, de Araújo RF, Martins AA, Marques IDL, Silva RA, de Araújo AA, Menezes FG. Anticancer, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of aminoalcohol-based quinoxaline small molecules. Acta Cir Bras 2024; 39:e395124. [PMID: 39109780 PMCID: PMC11299385 DOI: 10.1590/acb395124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Bioactive molecules are relevant to fight cancer and associated conditions. Quinoxaline is a privileged N-heterocycle, notably as anticancer agents. Herein, we report the evaluation of the quinoxaline derivatives DEQX and OAQX as anticancer agents, as well as in function of their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. METHODS Quinoxalines were synthesized and tested as anticancer agents based on cell viability and Annexin V-FITC apoptosis. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated from mouse carrageenan peritonitis and levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alfa for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hot-plate and acetic acid-induced writing test were employed to investigate analgesia. RESULTS Both reduced the Ht-29 cell viability in a dependent-concentration manner (p < 0.001). Total apoptosis was detected for cells treated with 12.5 and 25 µg/mL of both the compounds for 24 and 48 h (all doses, p < 0.0001). DEQX (all doses, p < 0.01) and OAQX (all doses, p < 0.001) acted in leukocyte migration and decreased the IL-1β and TNF-β levels (p < 0.05). DEQX (all doses, p < 0.05) and OAQX (5mg/kg, p < 0.001) showed peripheral analgesic effect. CONCLUSIONS In-vitro and in-vivo results suggest that these quinoxalines are promising for application in pharmacological area due to their anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and peripheric analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannyely Moreira Neri
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte – Instituto de Química – Natal (RN) – Brazil
| | | | | | - Renata Mendonça Araújo
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte – Instituto de Química – Natal (RN) – Brazil
| | - Raimundo Fernandes de Araújo
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde – Natal (RN) – Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte – Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Funcional e Estrutural – Natal (RN) – Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte – Departamento de Morfologia – Natal (RN) – Brazil
| | - Agnes Andrade Martins
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Odontológicas – Natal (RN) – Brazil
| | | | - Rafaela Alcindo Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Odontológicas – Natal (RN) – Brazil
| | - Aurigena Antunes de Araújo
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Odontológicas – Natal (RN) – Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte – Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas – Natal (RN) – Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte – Departamento de Biofísica e Farmacologia – Natal (RN) – Brazil
| | - Fabrício Gava Menezes
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte – Instituto de Química – Natal (RN) – Brazil
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2
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Harvey BJ, Harvey HM. Sex Differences in Colon Cancer: Genomic and Nongenomic Signalling of Oestrogen. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2225. [PMID: 38137047 PMCID: PMC10742859 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer (CRC) is a prevalent malignancy that exhibits distinct differences in incidence, prognosis, and treatment responses between males and females. These disparities have long been attributed to hormonal differences, particularly the influence of oestrogen signalling. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying sex differences in colon cancer and the protective role of membrane and nuclear oestrogen signalling in CRC development, progression, and therapeutic interventions. We discuss the epidemiological and molecular evidence supporting sex differences in colon cancer, followed by an exploration of the impact of oestrogen in CRC through various genomic and nongenomic signalling pathways involving membrane and nuclear oestrogen receptors. Furthermore, we examine the interplay between oestrogen receptors and other signalling pathways, in particular the Wnt/β-catenin proliferative pathway and hypoxia in shaping biological sex differences and oestrogen protective actions in colon cancer. Lastly, we highlight the potential therapeutic implications of targeting oestrogen signalling in the management of colon cancer and propose future research directions to address the current gaps in our understanding of this complex phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Harvey
- Faculty of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Harry M. Harvey
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z5, Canada;
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3
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Buravchenko GI, Shchekotikhin AE. Quinoxaline 1,4-Dioxides: Advances in Chemistry and Chemotherapeutic Drug Development. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1174. [PMID: 37631089 PMCID: PMC10459860 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
N-Oxides of heterocyclic compounds are the focus of medical chemistry due to their diverse biological properties. The high reactivity and tendency to undergo various rearrangements have piqued the interest of synthetic chemists in heterocycles with N-oxide fragments. Quinoxaline 1,4-dioxides are an example of an important class of heterocyclic N-oxides, whose wide range of biological activity determines the prospects of their practical use in the development of drugs of various pharmaceutical groups. Derivatives from this series have found application in the clinic as antibacterial drugs and are used in agriculture. Quinoxaline 1,4-dioxides present a promising class for the development of new drugs targeting bacterial infections, oncological diseases, malaria, trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and amoebiasis. The review considers the most important methods for the synthesis and key directions in the chemical modification of quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide derivatives, analyzes their biological properties, and evaluates the prospects for the practical application of the most interesting compounds.
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4
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Olaquindox-Induced Liver Damage Involved the Crosstalk of Oxidative Stress and p53 In Vivo and In Vitro. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8835207. [PMID: 33381272 PMCID: PMC7762677 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8835207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Olaquindox (OLA), a member of the quinoxaline-N,N-dioxide family, has been widely used as a growth-promoting feed additive and treatment for bacterial infections. The toxicity has been a major concern, and the precise molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. The present study was aimed at investigating the roles of oxidative stress and p53 in OLA-caused liver damage. In a mouse model, OLA administration could markedly cause liver injury as well as the induction of oxidative stress and activation of p53. Antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibited OLA-induced oxidative stress and p53 activation in vivo. Furthermore, knockout of the p53 gene could significantly inhibit OLA-induced liver damage by inhibiting oxidative stress and the mitochondria apoptotic pathway, compared to the p53 wild-type liver tissue. The cell model in vitro further demonstrated that p53 knockout or knockdown in the HCT116 cell and L02 cell significantly inhibited cell apoptosis and increased cell viability, presented by suppressing ROS production, oxidative stress, and the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Moreover, loss of p53 decreased OLA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase activations, with the evidence of inhibited activation of phosphorylation- (p-) p38 and p-JNK and upregulated cell autophagy via activation of the LC3 and Beclin1 pathway in HCT116 and L02 cells. Taken together, our findings provided a support that p53 primarily played a proapoptotic role in OLA-induced liver damage against oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, which were largely dependent on suppression of the JNK/p38 pathway and upregulation of the autophagy pathway via activation of LC3 and Beclin1.
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5
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Amara I, Timoumi R, Annabi E, Salem IB, Abid-Essefi S. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate inhibits glutathione regeneration and dehydrogenases of the pentose phosphate pathway on human colon carcinoma cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:151-162. [PMID: 31848848 PMCID: PMC6985414 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-01060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalates, particularly di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), are compounds widely used as plasticizers and have become serious global contaminants. Because of the bioaccumulation of such substances, the food chain is at risk. The food contamination by some phthalates has been linked to different side effects in experimental animals. That is why we have chosen the intestinal system's cells which represent the primary targets of these compounds to test their toxic effects. Human colon carcinoma cells (HCT 116) were chosen to elucidate whether DEHP triggers oxidative stress and apoptosis. Our results indicated that DEHP is cytotoxic; it induces the overexpression of Hsp70 protein and causes oxidative damage through the generation of free radicals leading to lipid peroxidation induction and the increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. In addition, cell treatment with DEHP resulted in a glutathione (GSH) content decrease and a decrease in the glutathione reductase (GR) activity. As new evidence provided in this study, we demonstrated that the DEHP affected the two enzymes' activities of the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD). This leads to a decrease in the level of NADPH used by the GR to maintain the regeneration of the reduced GSH. We also demonstrated that such effects can be responsible for DEHP-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Amara
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, University of Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Rim Timoumi
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, University of Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Emna Annabi
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, University of Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Intidhar Ben Salem
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, University of Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Sousse, Avenue Mohamed Karoui, 4002, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Salwa Abid-Essefi
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, University of Monastir, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
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6
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Zhang H, Shen J, Yang Z, Cui X. PIDA-mediated intramolecular oxidative C-N bond formation for the direct synthesis of quinoxalines from enaminones. RSC Adv 2019; 9:7718-7722. [PMID: 35521175 PMCID: PMC9061175 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01200a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A intramolecular oxidative C(sp2)-N bond formation mediated by hypervalent iodine(iii) to obtain quinoxalines from readily available N-(2-acetaminophenyl)enaminones was developed. A tandem process involving PIDA-mediated intramolecular condensation cyclization and a subsequent elimination was postulated, which was highly efficient and metal-free under mild conditions. Moreover, flexible structural modifications of quinoxalines bearing carbonyl groups are of interest for further transformations as building blocks in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Jinhai Shen
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Zhenhui Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
| | - Xiuling Cui
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University Xiamen 361021 P. R. China
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7
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Wang Y, Ding Q, Lu YC, Cao SY, Liu QX, Zhang L. Interferon-stimulated gene 15 enters posttranslational modifications of p53. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5507-5518. [PMID: 30317575 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein p53 is a central governor of various cellular signals. It is well accepted that ubiquitination as well as ubiquitin-like (UBL) modifications of p53 protein is critical in the control of its activity. Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is a well-known UBL protein with pleiotropic functions, serving both as a free intracellular molecule and as a modifier by conjugating to target proteins. Initially, attentions have historically focused on the antiviral effects of ISG15 pathway. Remarkably, a significant role in the processes of autophagy, DNA repair, and protein translation provided considerable insight into the new functions of ISG15 pathway. Despite the deterministic revelation of the relation between ISG15 and p53, the functional consequence of p53 ISGylation appears somewhat confused. More important, more recent studies have hinted p53 ubiquitination or other UBL modifications that might interconnect with its ISGylation. Here, we aim to summarize the current knowledge of p53 ISGylation and the differences in other significant modifications, which would be beneficial for the development of p53-based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qi Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu-Chen Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shi-Yang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qing-Xue Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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8
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Řehulka J, Annadurai N, Frydrych I, Džubák P, Miller JH, Hajdúch M, Das V. Peloruside A-Induced Cell Death in Hypoxia Is p53 Dependent in HCT116 Colorectal Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:634-640. [PMID: 29400463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
HCT116 colorectal cancer cell sensitivity to peloruside A (PLA) in normoxia is not altered by hypoxia preconditioning of the cells. We examined whether the PLA effects were altered in hypoxia and whether the activity was dependent on p53. The cytotoxicity of PLA in wild-type HCT116 cells was largely unaffected by hypoxia; however, cells in which p53 was knocked out showed resistance. Knockout of the p21 gene had little effect on the activity of PLA in hypoxia. It was concluded that the response of cells to the microtubule-stabilizing agent PLA under hypoxic conditions is a p53-dependent process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Řehulka
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry , Palacky University , Hnevotinska 5 , 77900 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Narendran Annadurai
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry , Palacky University , Hnevotinska 5 , 77900 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Frydrych
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry , Palacky University , Hnevotinska 5 , 77900 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Petr Džubák
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry , Palacky University , Hnevotinska 5 , 77900 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - John H Miller
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Biodiscovery , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington 6012 , New Zealand
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry , Palacky University , Hnevotinska 5 , 77900 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Viswanath Das
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry , Palacky University , Hnevotinska 5 , 77900 Olomouc , Czech Republic
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9
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Liu Q, Lei Z, Huang A, Lu Q, Wang X, Ahmed S, Awais I, Yuan Z. Mechanisms of the Testis Toxicity Induced by Chronic Exposure to Mequindox. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:679. [PMID: 29018347 PMCID: PMC5622959 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mequindox (MEQ) is a synthetic antimicrobial agent widely used in China since the 1980s. Although the toxicity of MEQ is well recognized, its testis toxicity has not been adequately investigated. In the present study, we provide evidence that MEQ triggers oxidative stress, mitochondrion dysfunction and spermatogenesis deficiency in mice after exposure to MEQ (0, 25, 55, and 110 mg/kg in the diet) for up to 18 months. The genotoxicity and adrenal toxicity may contribute to sperm abnormalities caused by MEQ. Moreover, using LC/MS-IT-TOF analysis, two metabolites, 3-methyl-2-(1-hydroxyethyl) quinoxaline-N4-monoxide (M4) and 3-methyl-2-(1-hydroxyethyl) quinoxaline-N1-monoxide (M8), were detected in the serum of mice, which directly confirms the relationship between the N→O group reduction metabolism of MEQ and oxidative stress. Interestingly, only M4 was detected in the testes, suggesting that the higher reproductive toxicity of M4 than M8 might be due to the increased stability of M4-radical (M4-R) compared to M8-radical (M8-R). Furthermore, the expression of the blood-testis barrier (BTB)-associated junctions such as tight junctions, gap junctions and basal ectoplasmic specializations were also examined. The present study demonstrated for the first time the role of the M4 in testis toxicity, and illustrated that the oxidative stress, mitochondrion dysfunction and interference in spermatogenesis, as well as the altered expression of BTB related junctions, were involved in the reproductive toxicity mediated by MEQ in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixin Lei
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Anxiong Huang
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qirong Lu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, China
| | - Saeed Ahmed
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ihsan Awais
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China.,MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, China
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10
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Bustos V, Nolan ÁM, Nijhuis A, Harvey H, Parker A, Poulsom R, McBryan J, Thomas W, Silver A, Harvey BJ. GPER mediates differential effects of estrogen on colon cancer cell proliferation and migration under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Oncotarget 2017; 8:84258-84275. [PMID: 29137421 PMCID: PMC5663593 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The estrogen receptor ERβ is the predominant ER subtype expressed in normal well-differentiated colonic epithelium. However, ERβ expression is lost under the hypoxic microenvironment as colorectal cancer (CRC) malignancy progresses. This raises questions about the role of signalling through other estrogen receptors such as ERα or G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER, GPR30) by the estrogen 17β-estradiol (E2) under hypoxic conditions after ERβ is lost in CRC progression. We tested the hypothesis that E2 or hypoxia can act via GPER to contribute to the altered phenotype of CRC cells. GPER expression was found to be up-regulated by hypoxia and E2 in a panel of CRC cell lines. The E2-modulated gene, Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), was repressed in hypoxia via GPER signalling. E2 treatment enhanced hypoxia-induced expression of HIF1-α and VEGFA, but repressed HIF1-α and VEGFA expression under normoxic conditions. The expression and repression of VEGFA by E2 were mediated by a GPER-dependent mechanism. E2 treatment potentiated hypoxia-induced CRC cell migration and proliferation, whereas in normoxia, cell migration and proliferation were suppressed by E2 treatment. The effects of E2 on these cellular responses in normoxia and hypoxia were mediated by GPER. In a cohort of 566 CRC patient tumor samples, GPER expression significantly associated with poor survival in CRC Stages 3-4 females but not in the stage-matched male population. Our findings support a potentially pro-tumorigenic role for E2 in ERβ-negative CRC under hypoxic conditions transduced via GPER and suggest a novel route of therapeutic intervention through GPER antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Bustos
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Áine M Nolan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anke Nijhuis
- Centre for Digestive Diseases, National Centre for Bowel Research and Surgical Innovation, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Harry Harvey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alexandra Parker
- Centre for Digestive Diseases, National Centre for Bowel Research and Surgical Innovation, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Richard Poulsom
- Centre for Digestive Diseases, National Centre for Bowel Research and Surgical Innovation, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Jean McBryan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Warren Thomas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew Silver
- Centre for Digestive Diseases, National Centre for Bowel Research and Surgical Innovation, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Brian J Harvey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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11
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Toxic metabolites, MAPK and Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathways involved in oxidative toxicity in mice liver after chronic exposure to Mequindox. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41854. [PMID: 28157180 PMCID: PMC5291092 DOI: 10.1038/srep41854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mequindox (MEQ) is a synthetic antimicrobial agent of quinoxaline-1,4-dioxide group (QdNOs). The liver is regarded as the toxicity target of QdNOs, and the role of N → O group-associated various toxicities mediated by QdNOs is well recognized. However, the mechanism underlying the in vivo effects of MEQ on the liver, and whether the metabolic pathway of MEQ is altered in response to the pathophysiological conditions still remain unclear. We now provide evidence that MEQ triggers oxidative damage in the liver. Moreover, using LC/MS-ITTOF analysis, two metabolites of MEQ were detected in the liver, which directly confirms the potential connection between N → O group reduction metabolism of MEQ and liver toxicity. The gender difference in MEQ-induced oxidative stress might be due to adrenal toxicity and the generation of M4 (2-isoethanol 1-desoxymequindox). Furthermore, up-regulation of the MAPK and Nrf2-Keap1 family and phase II detoxifying enzymes (HO-1, GCLC and NQO1) were also observed. The present study demonstrated for the first time the protein peroxidation and a proposal metabolic pathway after chronic exposure of MEQ, and illustrated that the MAPK, Nrf2-Keap1 and NF-кB signaling pathways, as well as the altered metabolism of MEQ, were involved in oxidative toxicity mediated by MEQ in vivo.
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12
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Liu Q, Zhang J, Luo X, Ihsan A, Liu X, Dai M, Cheng G, Hao H, Wang X, Yuan Z. Further investigations into the genotoxicity of quinoxaline-di-N-oxides and their primary metabolites. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 93:145-57. [PMID: 27170491 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Quinoxaline-di-N-oxides (QdNOs) are potential antibacterial agents with a wide range of biological properties. Quinocetone (QCT), carbadox (CBX), olaquindox (OLA), mequindox (MEQ) and cyadox (CYA) are classical QdNOs. Though the genotoxicity of parent drugs has been evaluated, the genotoxicity of their primary N → O reduced metabolites remains unclear. In the present study, a battery of four different short-term tests, mouse lymphoma assay (MLA), Ames test, chromosomal aberration assay in vitro and bone marrow erythrocyte micronucleus assay in vivo was carried out to investigate the genotoxicity of the six primary N → O reduced metabolites. Additionally, the genotoxicity of five parent drugs was evaluated by the MLA. Strong genotoxicity of N1-MEQ, B-MEQ and B-CBX was found in three of the assays but not in the Ames assay, and the rank order was N1-MEQ>B-MEQ>B-CBX that is consistent with prototype QdNOs. Negative results for the five QdNOs were noted in the MLA. We present for the first time a comparison of the genotoxicity of primary N → O reduced metabolites, and evaluate the ability of five QdNOs to cause mutations in the MLA. The present study demonstrates that metabolites are involved in genetic toxicity mediated by QdNOs, and improve the prudent use of QdNOs for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Jianwu Zhang
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xun Luo
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Awais Ihsan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Xianglian Liu
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Menghong Dai
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guyue Cheng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haihong Hao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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13
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Boussabbeh M, Ben Salem I, Hamdi M, Ben Fradj S, Abid-Essefi S, Bacha H. Diazinon, an organophosphate pesticide, induces oxidative stress and genotoxicity in cells deriving from large intestine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:2882-2889. [PMID: 26490884 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5519-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Diazinon (DZ) (O,O-diethyl-O-[2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl]phosphorothioate) is an organophosphate pesticide which is extensively used to control household insects and fruit and vegetable crops. The exposure to this pesticide has been linked to the development of the serious problem in several experimental animals. The contamination of food by DZ may increase its danger to humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the toxic effect of DZ on intestine using an in vitro model (HCT116). Therefore, we evaluated the cell viability, elucidated the generation of free radicals, measured the mitochondrial membrane potential, and valued DNA fragmentation. Our results showed that DZ is cytotoxic to HCT116. It causes oxidative damage through the generation of free radicals and induces lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation. We also demonstrated that such effects can be responsible for DZ-induced apoptosis.
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14
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Ghattass K, El-Sitt S, Zibara K, Rayes S, Haddadin MJ, El-Sabban M, Gali-Muhtasib H. The quinoxaline di-N-oxide DCQ blocks breast cancer metastasis in vitro and in vivo by targeting the hypoxia inducible factor-1 pathway. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:12. [PMID: 24461075 PMCID: PMC3932516 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although tumor hypoxia poses challenges against conventional cancer treatments, it provides a therapeutic target for hypoxia-activated drugs. Here, we studied the effect of the hypoxia-activated synthetic quinoxaline di-N-oxide DCQ against breast cancer metastasis and identified the underlying mechanisms. Methods The human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 (p53 wildtype) and MDA-MB-231 (p53 mutant) were treated with DCQ under normoxia or hypoxia. Drug toxicity on non-cancerous MCF-10A breast cells was also determined. In vitro cellular responses were investigated by flow cytometry, transfection, western blotting, ELISA and migration assays. The anti-metastatic effect of DCQ was validated in the MDA-MB-231 xenograft mouse model. Results DCQ selectively induced apoptosis in both human breast cancer cells preferentially under hypoxia without affecting the viability of non-cancerous MCF-10A. Cancer cell death was associated with an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) independently of p53 and was inhibited by antioxidants. DCQ-induced ROS was associated with DNA damage, the downregulation of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), and inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion. In MCF-7, HIF-1α inhibition was partially via p53-activation and was accompanied by a decrease in p-mTOR protein, suggesting interference with HIF-1α translation. In MDA-MB-231, DCQ reduced HIF-1α through proteasomal-dependent degradation mechanisms. HIF-1α inhibition by DCQ blocked VEGF secretion and invasion in MCF-7 and led to the inhibition of TWIST in MDA-MB-231. Consistently, DCQ exhibited robust antitumor activity in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer mouse xenografts, enhanced animal survival, and reduced metastatic dissemination to lungs and liver. Conclusion DCQ is the first hypoxia-activated drug showing anti-metastatic effects against breast cancer, suggesting its potential use for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marwan El-Sabban
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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15
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Ghattass K, El-Sitt S, Zibara K, Rayes S, Haddadin MJ, El-Sabban M, Gali-Muhtasib H. The quinoxaline di-N-oxide DCQ blocks breast cancer metastasis in vitro and in vivo by targeting the hypoxia inducible factor-1 pathway. Mol Cancer 2014. [PMID: 24461075 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-12.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although tumor hypoxia poses challenges against conventional cancer treatments, it provides a therapeutic target for hypoxia-activated drugs. Here, we studied the effect of the hypoxia-activated synthetic quinoxaline di-N-oxide DCQ against breast cancer metastasis and identified the underlying mechanisms. METHODS The human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 (p53 wildtype) and MDA-MB-231 (p53 mutant) were treated with DCQ under normoxia or hypoxia. Drug toxicity on non-cancerous MCF-10A breast cells was also determined. In vitro cellular responses were investigated by flow cytometry, transfection, western blotting, ELISA and migration assays. The anti-metastatic effect of DCQ was validated in the MDA-MB-231 xenograft mouse model. RESULTS DCQ selectively induced apoptosis in both human breast cancer cells preferentially under hypoxia without affecting the viability of non-cancerous MCF-10A. Cancer cell death was associated with an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) independently of p53 and was inhibited by antioxidants. DCQ-induced ROS was associated with DNA damage, the downregulation of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), and inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion. In MCF-7, HIF-1α inhibition was partially via p53-activation and was accompanied by a decrease in p-mTOR protein, suggesting interference with HIF-1α translation. In MDA-MB-231, DCQ reduced HIF-1α through proteasomal-dependent degradation mechanisms. HIF-1α inhibition by DCQ blocked VEGF secretion and invasion in MCF-7 and led to the inhibition of TWIST in MDA-MB-231. Consistently, DCQ exhibited robust antitumor activity in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer mouse xenografts, enhanced animal survival, and reduced metastatic dissemination to lungs and liver. CONCLUSION DCQ is the first hypoxia-activated drug showing anti-metastatic effects against breast cancer, suggesting its potential use for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marwan El-Sabban
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Kim SH, Dass CR. Induction of Caspase-2 Activation by a DNA Enzyme Evokes Tumor Cell Apoptosis. DNA Cell Biol 2012; 31:1-7. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2011.1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Crispin R. Dass
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Victoria University, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
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17
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Haddadin MJ, El-Khatib M, Shoker TA, Beavers CM, Olmstead MM, Fettinger JC, Farber KM, Kurth MJ. Quinoxalino[2,3-c]cinnolines and their 5-N-oxide: alkoxylation of methyl-substituted quinoxalino[2,3-c]cinnolines to acetals and orthoesters. J Org Chem 2011; 76:8421-7. [PMID: 21905671 DOI: 10.1021/jo201687x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the alkoxylation of methyl-substituted quinoxalino[2,3-c]cinnolines to give acetals and orthoesters in high yields. Routes to the precursors of this alkoxylation reaction as well as other quinoxalino[2,3-c]cinnoline and their 5-oxide derivatives are reported. Most of these quinoxalino[2,3-c]cinnolines were prepared by cyclization of the corresponding 2-amino-3-(2-nitrophenyl)quinoxaline, which, in turn, result from an unusual Beirut reaction from benzofurazan oxides plus 2-nitrobenzylcyanides. Mechanistic explanations for these intriguing reactions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makhluf J Haddadin
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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