1
|
Ghanbarnasab Behbahani R, Danyaei A, Teimoori A, Tahmasbi MJ, Neisi N. CRISPR/Cas9 mediated knocking out of OPN gene enhances radiosensitivity in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04304-7. [PMID: 36042045 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although chemotherapy and radiotherapy in conjunction with surgery have been known as the standard methods for patients with breast cancer, they frequently face resistance due to the failure of cells to death. Accordingly, improving the results requires discovering novel therapeutic approaches based on the changes in the molecular biology of cancer cells. Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted protein that previous studies have shown to be associated with progression, poor prognosis, and metastasis in breast cancer. The current study examined the synergistic effects of radiotherapy and knocking out of OPN gene, utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 technique in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. METHODS We used to knock out the OPN gene by the two different gRNAs. The cells irradiated 24 h after transfection. The mRNA expression, tumor cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, growth, and apoptosis were measured. Moreover, activation of Chk1 and AKT were measured via western blot. RESULTS We demonstrated the OPN knocking out along with radiation led to the promotion of apoptosis, suppression of downstream genes, reduction of cell viability, and inhibition of cell-cycle progression. The western blot analysis has indicated that the knocking out of the OPN gene along with radiotherapy changes DNA damage responses substantially. CONCLUSIONS The OPN gene knocking out with radiotherapy might be an efficient approach to overcome the radioresistance in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amir Danyaei
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Ali Teimoori
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Tahmasbi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Niloofar Neisi
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
SPP1 Regulates Radiotherapy Sensitivity of Gastric Adenocarcinoma via the Wnt/Beta-Catenin Pathway. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:1642852. [PMID: 34367279 PMCID: PMC8337119 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1642852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Radiotherapy has been widely applied for the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). The aberrant expression of secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) is involved in radiosensitivity in a variety of cancers. The present study aims to characterize the clinical significance of SPP1 expression in GAC and its role and underlying mechanism of radiosensitivity. Methods The SPP1 expression in GAC tissues and pericarcinomatous tissues was determined by QRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, and the SPP1 expression in GAC cell lines (BGC823, AGS, and SGC7901) and normal human gastric epithelial cell line (GES-1) was determined by western blot. T-test, one-way ANOVA, Cox regression model, and Kaplan–Meier plotter were applied to further assess the association between SPP1 expression and the prognosis of the patients with GAC. After irradiation and transfection with si-SPP1 combined with or without Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor (XAV939), western blot, transwell, flow cytometry, and TOP-flash reporter assay were applied to detect DNA damage, invasion, apoptosis, cell cycle, and activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, respectively. Results SPP1 mRNA and protein levels in GAC tissues were both dramatically higher than those in pericarcinomatous tissues. SPP1 overexpression was positively associated with tumor size, nodal status, and histological grade of GAC patients. SPP1 overexpression, depth of invasion, and nodal status were independent prognostic factors for the patients. High SPP1 expression was negatively related to the overall survival in patients with GAC. We found that SPP1 knockdown enhanced the radiosensitivity of GAC cell lines (AGS and SGC7901). Increasing H2AX phosphorylation, apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest, and decreasing invasion were observed after the administration of si-SPP1 and irradiation. Radiosensitivity of SPP1 was mainly dependent on the Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway. XAV939 could enhance these phenomena induced by irradiation combined with SPP1 knockdown. Conclusion This study demonstrates that SPP1 suppresses Wnt/β-catenin signaling to enhance the radiosensitivity of GAC via inhibiting invasion and accelerating DNA damage, G2/M phase arrest, and apoptosis.
Collapse
|
3
|
Behbahani RG, Danyaei A, Teimoori A, Neisi N, Tahmasbi MJ. Breast cancer radioresistance may be overcome by osteopontin gene knocking out with CRISPR/Cas9 technique. Cancer Radiother 2021; 25:222-228. [PMID: 33422414 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2020.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Osteopontin (OPN) is a phosphoglycoprotein, with a wide range of physiological and pathological roles. High expression of OPN promotes aggressive behavior, causes poor prognosis in tumor cells, and reduces the survival of patients. Since overexpression of OPN gives rise to radioresistance, the effects of the gene knock out using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in combination with radiation are emphasized. MATERIAL AND METHODS We used the CRISPR/Cas9 technique to knock out the OPN gene in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. After transfection, the cells were irradiated. The changes of the OPN mRNA levels, the apoptosis, and the differences in cell viability were assessed. RESULTS A significant reduction in the OPN expression was observed alone or along with irradiation. The knocked out gene alone increased apoptosis rate. The cell viability decreased to after knocking out of the OPN gene. The gene knocking-out combined with irradiation led to more decline of cell viability. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that after knocking out the OPN gene, the MDA-MB-231 cells showed a significant radiosensitivity. Therefore, the OPN knock out in combination with conventional radiotherapy, may become an efficient therapeutic target in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R G Behbahani
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - A Danyaei
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - A Teimoori
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - N Neisi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - M J Tahmasbi
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Elbaiomy MA, Akl T, Elhelaly R, El-Beshbishi W, El Ghonemy MS, Elzehery R. Osteopontin level and promoter polymorphism in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Curr Oncol 2020; 27:e444-e450. [PMID: 33173383 PMCID: PMC7606043 DOI: 10.3747/co.27.6449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer initiation typically occurs when a proto-oncogene's coding region undergoes mutation, resulting in uncontrollable cell growth and division, or when a tumour suppressor gene's coding region is affected by a mutation that inhibits activity of the resulting gene product. The pathophysiologic result is, respectively, exaggerated cell-cycle growth or deficient programmed cell death. Osteopontin (opn) is an integrin-binding phosphoprotein that is expressed on the surface of normal cells. Osteopontin has a major role in diverse tumour components, especially those implicated in invasion and metastasis. In the present study, we aimed to illustrate the value of opn as a possible contributor in breast cancer (bca). Methods This prospective study included 115 patients newly diagnosed with bca and distant metastasis who were recruited from the Oncology Center, Mansoura University, and the Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Mansoura University Hospital, Egypt. The patients recruited had been diagnosed with disseminated visceral metastasis (visceral crisis), with or without bone metastasis; patients with cranial metastasis were excluded from the study. All patients received first-line chemotherapy with docetaxel 75 mg/m2 plus cisplatin 75 mg/m2 or carboplatin 6 auc (area under the curve) on day 1 every 21 days for a maximum of 6 cycles or till development of toxicity. Trastuzumab (in cases of her2-positive disease) was given whenever possible (if government assistance or personal finances permitted). Serum levels of opn were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) before treatment was started. A group of 30 matched healthy women whose median serum opn level was 15 ng/dL were included, and that level was therefore defined as the cut-off value. In addition, opn gene mutation was determined by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). Correlations of pretreatment serum opn and opn gene mutation with various patient clinicopathologic variables, response to the treatment, progression-free survival (pfs), and overall survival (os) were assessed. Results Mean serum opn was highest in her2-amplified bca (64.4 ± 42.3 ng/dL), and then in triple-negative bca (55.9 ± 34.7 ng/dL), followed by the luminal B and A subtypes (38.4 ± 33.1 ng/dL and 36.3 ± 32.2 ng/dL respectively, p = 0.017). Testing by pcr revealed that opn gene mutation was highest in triple-negative bca (85% opn mutant vs. 15% non-mutant), and then in her2-overexpressed bca (80% opn mutant vs. 20% non-mutant), followed by luminal B bca (61.9% opn mutant vs. 38.1% non-mutant); the least expression was detected in luminal A bca (57.9% opn mutant vs. 42.1% non-mutant). Interestingly, patients with high serum opn and opn gene mutation experienced both poor pfs (median: 12 months vs. 14 months; p = 0.001) and poor os (median: 14 months vs. 18 months; p = 0.001). Moreover, participants with opn gene mutation experienced a poor response: of those with progressive disease, 74% had opn mutation and 26% had unmutated opn (p = 0.04). Additionally, high pretreatment serum opn was correlated with poor treatment response: 49.1 ± 33.8 ng/dL in patients with progressive disease and 35.5 ± 34.3 ng/dL in those who achieved a complete response, a partial response, or stable disease (p = 0.05). Strong concordance was found between high serum opn and opn gene mutation in 69 tumours (79.3%), and strong concordance was detected between normal or low serum opn and non-mutant opn in 28 tumours (60.8%). Conclusions The current prospective work helps to highlight opn as a valid prognostic biomarker for patients with metastatic bca and reveals that high pretreatment serum opn and opn gene mutation are both strongly linked with poor response and survival. Concordance between elisa and pcr results indicates that either method can be used for the evaluation of opn. Increased opn gene mutation in triple-negative bca could assist in tailoring the treatment response in this very aggressive tumour subtype and could be considered a targetable molecule in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Elbaiomy
- Medical Oncology Unit, Oncology Center, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - T Akl
- Medical Oncology Unit, Oncology Center, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - R Elhelaly
- Clinical Pathology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - W El-Beshbishi
- Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - M S El Ghonemy
- Hematology Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - R Elzehery
- Clinical Pathology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Voglstaetter M, Thomsen AR, Nouvel J, Koch A, Jank P, Navarro EG, Gainey-Schleicher T, Khanduri R, Groß A, Rossner F, Blaue C, Franz CM, Veil M, Puetz G, Hippe A, Dindorf J, Kashef J, Thiele W, Homey B, Greco C, Boucheix C, Baur A, Erbes T, Waller CF, Follo M, Hossein G, Sers C, Sleeman J, Nazarenko I. Tspan8 is expressed in breast cancer and regulates E-cadherin/catenin signalling and metastasis accompanied by increased circulating extracellular vesicles. J Pathol 2019; 248:421-437. [PMID: 30982971 PMCID: PMC6771825 DOI: 10.1002/path.5281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Tspan8 exhibits a functional role in many cancer types including pancreatic, colorectal, oesophagus carcinoma, and melanoma. We present a first study on the expression and function of Tspan8 in breast cancer. Tspan8 protein was present in the majority of human primary breast cancer lesions and metastases in the brain, bone, lung, and liver. In a syngeneic rat breast cancer model, Tspan8+ tumours formed multiple liver and spleen metastases, while Tspan8− tumours exhibited a significantly diminished ability to metastasise, indicating a role of Tspan8 in metastases. Addressing the underlying molecular mechanisms, we discovered that Tspan8 can mediate up‐regulation of E‐cadherin and down‐regulation of Twist, p120‐catenin, and β‐catenin target genes accompanied by the change of cell phenotype, resembling the mesenchymal–epithelial transition. Furthermore, Tspan8+ cells exhibited enhanced cell–cell adhesion, diminished motility, and decreased sensitivity to irradiation. As a regulator of the content and function of extracellular vesicles (EVs), Tspan8 mediated a several‐fold increase in EV number in cell culture and the circulation of tumour‐bearing animals. We observed increased protein levels of E‐cadherin and p120‐catenin in these EVs; furthermore, Tspan8 and p120‐catenin were co‐immunoprecipitated, indicating that they may interact with each other. Altogether, our findings show the presence of Tspan8 in breast cancer primary lesion and metastases and indicate its role as a regulator of cell behaviour and EV release in breast cancer. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maren Voglstaetter
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology; Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas R Thomsen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jerome Nouvel
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology; Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Arend Koch
- Institute of Neuropathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Jank
- Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena Grueso Navarro
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology; Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Gainey-Schleicher
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology; Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Richa Khanduri
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology; Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Groß
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology; Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Rossner
- Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carina Blaue
- DFG-Center for Functional Nanostructures, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Clemens M Franz
- DFG-Center for Functional Nanostructures, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marina Veil
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gerhard Puetz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Andreas Hippe
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jochen Dindorf
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Translational Research Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jubin Kashef
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Wilko Thiele
- Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bernhard Homey
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Celine Greco
- UMR-S935, Inserm, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Department of Pain Management and Palliative Care, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Claude Boucheix
- UMR-S935, Inserm, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Department of Pain Management and Palliative Care, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Andreas Baur
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Translational Research Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thalia Erbes
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cornelius F Waller
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology; Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marie Follo
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ghamartaj Hossein
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology; Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Animal Physiology, Laboratory of Developmental Biology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Christine Sers
- Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan Sleeman
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Irina Nazarenko
- Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology; Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Palanissami G, Paul SFD. RAGE and Its Ligands: Molecular Interplay Between Glycation, Inflammation, and Hallmarks of Cancer—a Review. Discov Oncol 2018; 9:295-325. [DOI: 10.1007/s12672-018-0342-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
|
7
|
Henry A, Nokin MJ, Leroi N, Lallemand F, Lambert J, Goffart N, Roncarati P, Bianchi E, Peixoto P, Blomme A, Turtoi A, Peulen O, Habraken Y, Scholtes F, Martinive P, Delvenne P, Rogister B, Castronovo V, Bellahcène A. New role of osteopontin in DNA repair and impact on human glioblastoma radiosensitivity. Oncotarget 2018; 7:63708-63721. [PMID: 27563812 PMCID: PMC5325397 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most aggressive and common solid human brain tumor. We have recently demonstrated the importance of osteopontin (OPN) in the acquisition/maintenance of stemness characters and tumorigenicity of glioma initiating cells. Consultation of publicly available TCGA database indicated that high OPN expression correlated with poor survival in GBM patients. In this study, we explored the role of OPN in GBM radioresistance using an OPN-depletion strategy in U87-MG, U87-MG vIII and U251-MG human GBM cell lines. Clonogenic experiments showed that OPN-depleted GBM cells were sensitized to irradiation. In comet assays, these cells displayed higher amounts of unrepaired DNA fragments post-irradiation when compared to control. We next evaluated the phosphorylation of key markers of DNA double-strand break repair pathway. Activating phosphorylation of H2AX, ATM and 53BP1 was significantly decreased in OPN-deficient cells. The addition of recombinant OPN prior to irradiation rescued phospho-H2AX foci formation thus establishing a new link between DNA repair and OPN expression in GBM cells. Finally, OPN knockdown improved mice survival and induced a significant reduction of heterotopic human GBM xenograft when combined with radiotherapy. This study reveals a new function of OPN in DNA damage repair process post-irradiation thus further confirming its major role in GBM aggressive disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Henry
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie-Julie Nokin
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Natacha Leroi
- Biology and Tumor Development Laboratory, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - François Lallemand
- Biology and Tumor Development Laboratory, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Radiology, University Hospital Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Cyclotron Research Center, University Hospital Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Nicolas Goffart
- GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neurosciences and the T&P Bohnenn Laboratory for Neuro-Oncology University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Elettra Bianchi
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Paul Peixoto
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Blomme
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Andrei Turtoi
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Olivier Peulen
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Yvette Habraken
- Virology and Immunology Laboratory, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Félix Scholtes
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Vincent Castronovo
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Akeila Bellahcène
- Metastasis Research Laboratory, GIGA Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Radiation-induced inflammatory cascade and its reverberating crosstalks as potential cause of post-radiotherapy second malignancies. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2017; 36:375-393. [DOI: 10.1007/s10555-017-9669-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
9
|
De Vita A, Miserocchi G, Recine F, Mercatali L, Pieri F, Medri L, Bongiovanni A, Cavaliere D, Liverani C, Spadazzi C, Amadori D, Ibrahim T. Activity of Eribulin in a Primary Culture of Well-Differentiated/Dedifferentiated Adipocytic Sarcoma. Molecules 2016; 21:E1662. [PMID: 27918490 PMCID: PMC6273088 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Eribulin mesylate is a novel, non-taxane, synthetic microtubule inhibitor showing antitumor activity in a wide range of tumors including soft tissue sarcomas (STS). Eribulin has been recently approved for the treatment of metastatic liposarcoma (LPS) patients previously treated with anthracyclines. This work investigated the mechanism of action of this innovative antitubulin agent in well-differentiated/dedifferentiated LPS (ALT/DDLPS) which represents one of the most common adipocytic sarcoma histotypes. A primary culture of ALT/DDLPS from a 54-year-old patient was established. The anticancer activity of eribulin on the patient-derived primary culture was assessed by MTT and tunel assays. Eribulin efficacy was compared to other drugs approved for the treatment of STS. Cell migration and morphology were examined after exposure to eribulin to better understand the drug mechanism of action. Finally, Western blot analysis of apoptosis and migration proteins was performed. The results showed that eribulin exerts its antiproliferative effect by the arrest of cell motility and induction of apoptosis. Our results highlighted the activity of eribulin in the treatment of ALT/DDLPS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro De Vita
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola (FC), Italy.
| | - Giacomo Miserocchi
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola (FC), Italy.
| | - Federica Recine
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola (FC), Italy.
| | - Laura Mercatali
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola (FC), Italy.
| | - Federica Pieri
- Pathology Unit, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Via Carlo Forlanini 34, 47121 Forlì, Italy.
| | - Laura Medri
- Pathology Unit, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Via Carlo Forlanini 34, 47121 Forlì, Italy.
| | - Alberto Bongiovanni
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola (FC), Italy.
| | - Davide Cavaliere
- Unit of Surgery and Advanced Oncologic Therapies, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Via Carlo Forlanini 34, 47121 Forlì, Italy.
| | - Chiara Liverani
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola (FC), Italy.
| | - Chiara Spadazzi
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola (FC), Italy.
| | - Dino Amadori
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola (FC), Italy.
| | - Toni Ibrahim
- Osteoncology and Rare Tumors Center, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola (FC), Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zduniak K, Agrawal A, Agrawal S, Hossain MM, Ziolkowski P, Weber GF. Osteopontin splice variants are differential predictors of breast cancer treatment responses. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:441. [PMID: 27400751 PMCID: PMC4940753 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2484-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteopontin is a marker for breast cancer progression, which in previous studies has also been associated with resistance to certain anti-cancer therapies. It is not known which splice variants may mediate treatment resistance. Methods Here we analyze the association of osteopontin variant expression before treatment, differentiated according to immunohistochemistry with antibodies to exon 4 and to the osteopontin-c splice junction respectively, with the ensuing therapy responses in 119 Polish breast cancer patients who presented between 1995 and 2008. Results We found from Cox hazard models, logrank test and Wilcoxon test that osteopontin exon 4 was associated with a favorable response to tamoxifen, but a poor response to chemotherapy with CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, fluorouracil). Osteopontin-c is prognostic, but falls short of being a significant predictor for sensitivity to treatment. Conclusions The addition of osteopontin splice variant immunohistochemistry to standard pathology work-ups has the potential to aid decision making in breast cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Zduniak
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anil Agrawal
- Department of General and Oncological Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Siddarth Agrawal
- Department of General and Oncological Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Md Monir Hossain
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemilogy, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Piotr Ziolkowski
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Georg F Weber
- University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, College of Pharmacy, 3225 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0004, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Saleh S, Thompson DE, McConkey J, Murray P, Moorehead RA. Osteopontin regulates proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of murine claudin-low mammary tumor cells. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:359. [PMID: 27282619 PMCID: PMC4901464 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2396-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteopontin is a secreted phosphoglycoprotein that is expressed by a number of normal cells as well as a variety of tumor cells. With respect to breast cancer, osteopontin has been implicated in regulating tumor cell proliferation and migration/metastasis and may serve as a prognostic indicator. However it remains unclear whether osteopontin has the same impact in all breast cancer subtypes and in particular, osteopontin’s effects in claudin-low breast cancer are poorly understood. Methods cDNA microarrays and qRT-PCR were used to evaluate osteopontin expression in mammary tumors from MTB-IGFIR transgenic mice and cell lines derived from these tumors. siRNA was then used to determine the impact of osteopontin knockdown on proliferation, apoptosis and migration in vitro in two murine claudin-low cell lines as well as identify the receptor mediating osteopontin’s physiologic effects. Results Osteopontin was expressed at high levels in mammary tumors derived from MTB-IGFIR transgenic mice compared to normal mammary tissue. Evaluation of cell lines derived from different mammary tumors revealed that mammary tumor cells with claudin-low characteristic expressed high levels of osteopontin whereas mammary tumor cells with mixed luminal and basal-like features expressed lower levels of osteopontin. Reduction of osteopontin levels using siRNA significantly reduced proliferation and migration while increasing apoptosis in the claudin-low cell lines. Osteopontin’s effect appear to be mediated through a receptor containing ITGAV and not through CD44. Conclusions Our data suggests that mammary tumors with a mixed luminal/basal-like phenotype express high levels of osteopontin however this osteopontin appears to be largely produced by non-tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment. In contrast tumor cells with claudin-low characteristics express high levels of osteopontin and a reduction of osteopontin in these cells impaired proliferation, survival and migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Saleh
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - D E Thompson
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - J McConkey
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - P Murray
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada
| | - R A Moorehead
- Department of Biomedical Science, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Betulinyl Sulfamates as Anticancer Agents and Radiosensitizers in Human Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:26249-62. [PMID: 26540049 PMCID: PMC4661812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161125953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA), a natural compound of birch bark, is cytotoxic for many tumors. Recently, a betulinyl sulfamate was described that inhibits carbonic anhydrases (CA), such as CAIX, an attractive target for tumor-selective therapy strategies in hypoxic cancer cells. Data on combined CAIX inhibition with radiotherapy are rare. In the human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB231 and MCF7, the effects of BA and betulinyl sulfamates on cellular and radiobiological behavior under normoxia and hypoxia were evaluated. The two most effective betulinyl sulfamates CAI 1 and CAI 3 demonstrated a 1.8–2.8-fold higher cytotoxicity than BA under normoxia in breast cancer cells, with IC50 values between 11.1 and 18.1 µM. BA exhibits its strongest cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 8.2 and 16.4 µM under hypoxia. All three substances show a dose-dependent increase in apoptosis, inhibition of migration, and inhibition of hypoxia-induced gene expression. In combination with irradiation, betulinyl sulfamates act as radiosensitizers, with DMF10 values of 1.47 (CAI 1) and 1.75 (CAI 3) under hypoxia in MDA-MB231 cells. BA showed additive effects in combination with irradiation. Taken together; our results suggest that BA and betulinyl sulfamates seem to be attractive substances to combine with radiotherapy; particularly for hypoxic breast cancer.
Collapse
|
13
|
IDH1(R132H) mutation causes a less aggressive phenotype and radiosensitizes human malignant glioma cells independent of the oxygenation status. Radiother Oncol 2015; 116:381-7. [PMID: 26328938 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In malignant glioma the presence of the IDH1 mutation (IDH1(R132H)) is associated with better clinical outcome. However, it is unclear whether IDH1 mutation is associated with a less aggressive phenotype or directly linked to increased sensitivity to radiotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS We determined the influence of IDH1(R132H) mutant protein on proliferation and growth in 3D culture, migration, cell survival and radiosensitivity in vitro under normoxia (21% O2) and hypoxia (<1% O2) in a panel of human malignant glioma cell lines (U-251MG, U-343MG, LN-229) with stable overexpression of wild-type (IDH1(wt)) and mutated IDH1 (IDH1(R132H)). RESULTS Overexpression of IDH1(R132H) in glioma cells resulted in slightly decreased cell proliferation, considerably reduced cell migration and caused differences in growth properties in 3D spheroid cultures. Furthermore, IDH1(R132H)-positive cells consistently demonstrated an increased radiosensitivity in human malignant glioma cells U-251MG (DMF10: 1.52, p<0.01 and 1.42, p<0.01), U-343MG (DMF10: 1.78, p<0.01 and 1.75, p<0.01) and LN-229 (DMF10: 1.41, p<0.05 and 1.68, p<0.01) under normoxia and hypoxia, respectively. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that IDH1(R132H) mutation causes both a less aggressive biological behavior and direct radiosensitization of human malignant glioma cells. Targeting IDH1 appears to be an attractive approach in combination with radiotherapy.
Collapse
|
14
|
Wohlleben G, Scherzad A, Güttler A, Vordermark D, Kuger S, Flentje M, Polat B. Influence of hypoxia and irradiation on osteopontin expression in head and neck cancer and glioblastoma cell lines. Radiat Oncol 2015; 10:167. [PMID: 26259597 PMCID: PMC4554368 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-015-0473-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor hypoxia is a known risk factor for reduced response to radiotherapy. The evaluation of noninvasive methods for the detection of hypoxia is therefore of interest. Osteopontin (OPN) has been discussed as an endogenous hypoxia biomarker. It is overexpressed in many cancers and is involved in tumor progression and metastasis. Methods To examine the influence of hypoxia and irradiation on osteopontin expression we used different cell lines (head and neck cancer (Cal27 and FaDu) and glioblastoma multiforme (U251 and U87)). Cells were treated with hypoxia for 24 h and were then irradiated with doses of 2 and 8 Gy. Osteopontin expression was analyzed on mRNA level by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qPCR) and on protein level by western blot. Cell culture supernatants were evaluated for secreted OPN by ELISA. Results Hypoxia caused an increase in osteopontin protein expression in all cell lines. In Cal27 a corresponding increase in OPN mRNA expression was observed. In contrast the other cell lines showed a reduced mRNA expression under hypoxic conditions. After irradiation OPN mRNA expression raised slightly in FaDu and U87 cells while it was reduced in U251 and stable in Cal27 cells under normoxia. The combined treatment (hypoxia and irradiation) led to a slight increase of OPN mRNA after 2 Gy in U251 (24 h) and in U87 (24 and 48 h) cell lines falling back to base line after 8 Gy. This effect was not seen in Cal27 or in FaDu cells. Secreted OPN was detected only in the two glioblastoma cell lines with reduced protein levels under hypoxic conditions. Again the combined treatment resulted in a minor increase in OPN secretion 48 hours after irradiation with 8 Gy. Conclusion Osteopontin expression is strongly modulated by hypoxia and only to a minor extent by irradiation. Intracellular OPN homeostasis seems to vary considerably between cell lines. This may explain the partly conflicting results concerning response prediction and prognosis in the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Wohlleben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Agmal Scherzad
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Antje Güttler
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saale, Germany.
| | - Dirk Vordermark
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Saale, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Kuger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany. .,Research Unit of Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Michael Flentje
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Buelent Polat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ortiz-Martínez F, Sanmartín E, Pomares-Navarro E, Pérez-Balaguer A, Andrés L, Sánchez-Payá J, Aranda FI, Lerma E, Peiró G. Osteopontin Regulates VEGFA and ICAM-1 mRNA Expression in Breast Carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol 2015; 143:812-22. [PMID: 25972323 DOI: 10.1309/ajcp6f2vndamsula] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the regulatory role of osteopontin on biomarkers associated with cell survival, invasiveness, and angiogenesis mechanisms in a clinical series and breast cancer cell lines. METHODS We analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of osteopontin, Bcl2, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in several breast cancer cell lines and in 148 breast carcinomas classified into intrinsic subtypes. RESULTS We found coexpression of osteopontin, Bcl2, ICAM-1, and VEGFA in triple-negative MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Furthermore, osteopontin silencing by small interfering RNA inhibited ICAM-1 and VEGFA expression and cell proliferation in MDA-MB-468 cells. In breast cancer specimens, we found a positive correlation between osteopontin, ICAM-1, and VEGFA mRNA expression, especially in triple-negative/basal-like tumors. Among patients with osteopontin-overexpressing tumors, VEGFA remained an independent prognostic indicator for recurrence (hazard ratio, 2.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.48-5.87; P = .002) and death (hazard ratio, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.48-7.11; P = .003) (multivariate analysis, Cox regression). CONCLUSIONS Our results support that osteopontin regulates ICAM-1 and VEGFA expression mainly in triple-negative/basal-like breast carcinomas, suggesting a relevant role in the pathogenesis and tumor progression of this molecular subtype. Moreover, VEGFA mRNA levels showed an independent prognostic value in patients with breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Sanmartín
- Research Unit, University General Hospital of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | | | | | - Leire Andrés
- Pathology Department, Hospital de Cruces, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - José Sánchez-Payá
- Epidemiology Department, University General Hospital of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco I. Aranda
- Pathology Department, University General Hospital of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Enrique Lerma
- Pathology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gloria Peiró
- Research Unit, University General Hospital of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Pathology Department, University General Hospital of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chai Y, Wang J, Gao Y, Wang T, Shi F, Su J, Yang Y, Zhou X, Song L, Liu Z. Identification of biomarkers for radiation-induced acute intestinal symptoms (RIAISs) in cervical cancer patients by serum protein profiling. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2015; 56:134-40. [PMID: 25256248 PMCID: PMC4572598 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rru081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced acute intestinal symptoms (RIAISs) are the most frequent complication of radiotherapy that causes great pain and limits the treatment efficacy. The aim of this study was to identify serum biomarkers of RIAISs in cervical cancer patients by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS). Serum samples were collected from 66 cervical cancer patients prior to pelvic radiotherapy. In our study, RIAISs occurred in 11 patients. An additional 11 patients without RIAISs were selected as controls, whose age, stage, histological type and treatment methods were matched to RIAISs patients. The 22 sera were subsequently analyzed by SELDI-TOF MS, and the resulting protein profiles were evaluated to identify biomarkers using appropriate bioinformatics tools. Comparing the protein profiles of serum samples from the RIAIS group and the control group, it was found that 22 protein peaks were significantly different (P < 0.05), and six of these peaks with mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios of 7514.9, 4603.94, 6887.41, 2769.21, 3839.72 and 4215.7 were successfully identified. A decision tree model of biomarkers was constructed based on three biomarkers (m/z 1270.88, 1503.23 and 7514.90), which separated RIAIS-affected patients from the control group with an accuracy of 81%. This study suggests that serum proteomic analysis by SELDI-TOF MS can identify cervical cancer patients that are susceptible to RIAISs prior to pelvic radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanlan Chai
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China
| | - Fan Shi
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China
| | - Jin Su
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China
| | - Yunyi Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei 442000, P. R. China
| | - Liping Song
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China
| | - Zi Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Huang X, Qian Y, Wu H, Xie X, Zhou Q, Wang Y, Kuang W, Shen L, Li K, Su J, Shen L, Chen X. Aberrant expression of osteopontin and E-cadherin indicates radiation resistance and poor prognosis for patients with cervical carcinoma. J Histochem Cytochem 2014; 63:88-98. [PMID: 25380749 DOI: 10.1369/0022155414561329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is the first-line treatment for all stages of cervical cancer, whether it is used for radical or palliative therapy. However, radioresistance of cervical cancer remains a major therapeutic problem. Consequently, we explored if E-cadherin (a marker of epithelial-mesenchymal transition) and osteopontin could predict radioresistance in patients with locally advanced cervical squamous cell carcinoma (LACSCC). Patients were retrospectively reviewed and 111 patients divided into two groups (radiation-resistant and radiation-sensitive groups) according to progression-free survival (PFS). In pretreated paraffin-embedded tissues, we evaluated E-cadherin and osteopontin expression using immunohistochemical staining. The percentage of patients with high osteopontin but low E-cadherin expression in the radiation-resistant group was significantly higher than those in the radiation-sensitive group (p<0.001). These patients also had a lower 5-year PFS rate (p<0.001). Our research suggests that high osteopontin but low E-cadherin expression can be considered as a negative, independent prognostic factor in patients with LACSCC ([Hazard ratios (95% CI) 6.766 (2.940, 15.572)], p<0.001).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinqiong Huang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS, XH, YQ, QZ, YW, WK, KL)
| | - Yujie Qian
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS, XH, YQ, QZ, YW, WK, KL)
| | - Hainan Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, the NCO School of the Border Control Force Yunnan Province, P.R. China (HW)
| | - Xiaoxue Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hunan Provincial Tumal Hospital & Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (XX)
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS, XH, YQ, QZ, YW, WK, KL)
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS, XH, YQ, QZ, YW, WK, KL)
| | - Weilu Kuang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS, XH, YQ, QZ, YW, WK, KL)
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS, XH, YQ, QZ, YW, WK, KL),Xiangya of medicine, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS)
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS, XH, YQ, QZ, YW, WK, KL)
| | - Juan Su
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (XC, JS)
| | - Liangfang Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS, XH, YQ, QZ, YW, WK, KL),Xiangya of medicine, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (LS)
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, P.R. China (XC, JS)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wichmann H, Güttler A, Bache M, Taubert H, Rot S, Kessler J, Eckert AW, Kappler M, Vordermark D. Targeting of EGFR and HER2 with therapeutic antibodies and siRNA: a comparative study in glioblastoma cells. Strahlenther Onkol 2014; 191:180-91. [PMID: 25159136 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-014-0743-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidermal growth factor receptors, EGFR (HER1) and HER2, have proven prognostic relevance in a variety of human malignancies and both are functionally involved in the molecular pathogenesis of malignant gliomas. MATERIAL AND METHODS We selectively inhibited EGFR and HER2 in glioblastoma cell lines via EGFR- and HER2-specific siRNAs and through the binding of the therapeutic antibodies cetuximab and trastuzumab. The expression of EGFR and HER2 was verified by real-time PCR and western blot analyses. We examined the growth rate, cell cycle distribution, cell migration, clonogenic survival, and radiosensitivity of U251MG and LN-229 glioblastoma cell lines to determine the physiological and cell biological effects of EGFR and HER2 targeting. RESULTS EGFR and HER2 targeting using the therapeutic antibodies cetuximab and trastuzumab had no effect on cellular growth rate, cell cycle distribution, cell migration, clonogenic survival, and radiosensitivity in the cell lines U251 and LN-229. In contrast, siRNA knock-down of EGFR and HER2, reduced the growth rate by 40-65 %. The knock-down of EGFR did not change the cell migration rate in the cell lines U251 and LN-229. However, knock-down of HER2 reduced the cell migration rate by 50 %. Radiobiological analysis revealed that EGFR knock-down induced no radiosensitization in U251MG and LN-229 cells. However, the knock-down of HER2 induced radiosensitization in U251MG cells. CONCLUSION The epidermal growth factor receptor HER2 is a promising anti-tumor target for the therapy of glioblastoma. HER2 targeting may represent a promising strategy to induce cell physiological and radiobiological anti-tumor effects in glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henri Wichmann
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shevde LA, Samant RS. Role of osteopontin in the pathophysiology of cancer. Matrix Biol 2014; 37:131-41. [PMID: 24657887 PMCID: PMC5916777 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional cytokine that impacts cell proliferation, survival, drug resistance, invasion, and stem like behavior. Due to its critical involvement in regulating cellular functions, its aberrant expression and/or splicing is functionally responsible for undesirable alterations in disease pathologies, specifically cancer. It is implicated in promoting invasive and metastatic progression of many carcinomas. Due to its autocrine and paracrine activities OPN has been shown to be a crucial mediator of cellular cross talk and an influential factor in the tumor microenvironment. OPN has been implicated as a prognostic and diagnostic marker for several cancer types. It has also been explored as a possible target for treatment. In this article we hope to provide a broad perspective on the importance of OPN in the pathophysiology of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lalita A Shevde
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States.
| | - Rajeev S Samant
- Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wichmann H, Güttler A, Bache M, Taubert H, Vetter M, Würl P, Holzhausen HJ, Eckert AW, Kappler M, Vordermark D. Inverse prognostic impact of ErbB2 mRNA and protein expression level in tumors of soft tissue sarcoma patients. Strahlenther Onkol 2014; 190:912-8. [PMID: 24715245 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-014-0655-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ErbB2) is overexpressed in a variety of human malignancies. Moreover, ErbB2 has been reported to influence cancer patient survival and progression of different tumor entities. However, information regarding the prognostic impact of ErbB2 in soft tissue sarcoma (STS) patients is limited and conflicting. MATERIAL AND METHODS ErbB2 mRNA and protein levels were defined by quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the prognostic impact of ErbB2 mRNA and protein levels in tumor tissue of 124 soft tissue sarcoma patients were investigated. RESULTS The median ErbB2 mRNA expression level in tumor tissue was decreased 3.9-fold compared to non-neoplastic surrounding tissue (p = 0.001). Furthermore, an increased ErbB2 mRNA expression level was associated with an improved tumor-specific survival (p = 0.01, log rank test). Multivariate Cox's proportional hazard regression analyses revealed an increased ErbB2 mRNA expression level as an independent favorable prognostic factor for tumor-specific survival of STS patients (n = 124; RR = 3.0; 95 % CI = 1.6-5.7; p < 0.001). In addition, multivariate Cox's proportional hazard regression analyses showed that an increased ErbB2 protein expression level correlated with poorer recurrence-free survival of STS patients (n = 47; RR = 9.9; 95 % CI = 1.7-59.7; p = 0.012), in particular for STS patients who received postoperative radiotherapy (n = 27; RR = 17.9; 95 % CI = 1.3-247.7; p = 0.031). CONCLUSION This study suggests an inverse prognostic value of ErbB2 mRNA and protein expression level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henri Wichmann
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Osteopontin and splice variant expression level in human malignant glioma: radiobiologic effects and prognosis after radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2013; 108:535-40. [PMID: 23891093 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2013.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We investigated the role of the hypoxia-associated secreted glycoprotein osteopontin (OPN) in the response of malignant glioma to radiotherapy by characterizing OPN and its splice variants in vitro and in patient material. MATERIAL AND METHODS The effect of siRNA knockdown of OPN splice variants on cellular and radiobiologic behavior was analyzed in U251MG cells using OpnS siRNA (inhibition of all OPN splice variants) and OpnAC siRNA (knockdown only of OPNa and OPNc). OPN and splice variant mRNA levels were quantified in archival material of 41 glioblastoma tumor samples. Plasma OPN was prospectively measured in 33 malignant glioma patients. RESULTS Inhibition of OPNa and OPNc (OpnAC) reduced clonogenic survival in U251MG cells but did not affect proliferation, migration or apoptosis. Knockdown of all OPN splice variants (OpnS) resulted in an even stronger inhibition of clonogenic survival, while cell proliferation and migration were reduced and rate of apoptosis was increased. Additional irradiation had additive effects with both siRNAs. Plasma OPN increased continuously in malignant glioma patients and was associated with poor survival. CONCLUSIONS OPNb is partially able to compensate the effects of OPNa and OPNc knockdown in U251MG cells. High OPN plasma levels at the end of radiotherapy are associated with poor survival.
Collapse
|
22
|
Sato A, Saito Y, Sugiyama K, Sakasegawa N, Muramatsu T, Fukuda S, Yoneya M, Kimura M, Ebinuma H, Hibi T, Ikeda M, Kato N, Saito H. Suppressive effect of the histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) on hepatitis C virus replication. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:1987-96. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayami Sato
- Division of Pharmacotherapeutics; Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy; Tokyo; 1058512; Japan
| | | | - Kazuo Sugiyama
- Department of Internal Medicine; Keio University School of Medicine; Tokyo; 1608582; Japan
| | - Noriko Sakasegawa
- Division of Pharmacotherapeutics; Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy; Tokyo; 1058512; Japan
| | - Toshihide Muramatsu
- Division of Pharmacotherapeutics; Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy; Tokyo; 1058512; Japan
| | - Shinya Fukuda
- Division of Pharmacotherapeutics; Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy; Tokyo; 1058512; Japan
| | - Mikiko Yoneya
- Division of Pharmacotherapeutics; Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy; Tokyo; 1058512; Japan
| | - Masaki Kimura
- Division of Pharmacotherapeutics; Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy; Tokyo; 1058512; Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Ebinuma
- Department of Internal Medicine; Keio University School of Medicine; Tokyo; 1608582; Japan
| | - Toshifumi Hibi
- Department of Internal Medicine; Keio University School of Medicine; Tokyo; 1608582; Japan
| | - Masanori Ikeda
- Department of Molecular Biology; Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry; Okayama; 7008558; Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kato
- Department of Molecular Biology; Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry; Okayama; 7008558; Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ibrahim T, Liverani C, Mercatali L, Sacanna E, Zanoni M, Fabbri F, Zoli W, Amadori D. Cisplatin in combination with zoledronic acid: a synergistic effect in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:1263-70. [PMID: 23403907 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoledronic acid (ZA) is the most widely used bisphos-phonate to treat cancer-induced bone disease. There is evidence that bisphosphonates have direct antitumor activity and that their combination with anticancer agents can significantly enhance the effect of treatment. We evaluated whether the combination of ZA with different platinum compounds exerts a synergistic effect in breast cancer cell lines and we investigated the mechanisms of action involved. This study was performed on four breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7, SKBR3, MDA-MB-231 and BRC-230, and confirmed on a primary culture obtained from a breast cancer bone metastasis specimen. ZA (50 µM) was administered for 72 h alone or in combination with cisplatin (Cis) or carboplatin. Drug-induced growth inhibition was detected by sulforhodamine B assay, apoptosis and cell cycle regulation were detected by flow cytometry, and protein expression was evaluated by western blot analysis. MCF-7 and SKBR3 showed very low sensitivity to the three drugs tested. The ZA + Cis combination exerted a high antitumor activity in the two triple-negative lines MDA-MB-231 and BRC-230. An important synergistic effect was obtained in MDA-MB-231 and an additive effect was observed in BRC-230. The p21, pMAPK and m-TOR pathways were regulated by this combined treatment, particularly at lower Cis doses. Carboplatin did not show antitumor activity either alone or in combination with ZA. In conclusion, the potential novel treatment schedule identified for triple-negative breast cancer could prove beneficial in view of the limited therapeutic options available for patients and also since the synergism with ZA would enable lower Cis doses to be used, thus reducing toxicity. Although further research in a clinical setting is warranted, our results on cell lines has been confirmed on a human primary bone metastasis culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toni Ibrahim
- Osteoncology Center, IRCCS Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (I.R.S.T.), I-47014 Meldola (FC), Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ibrahim T, Mercatali L, Sacanna E, Tesei A, Carloni S, Ulivi P, Liverani C, Fabbri F, Zanoni M, Zoli W, Amadori D. Inhibition of breast cancer cell proliferation in repeated and non-repeated treatment with zoledronic acid. Cancer Cell Int 2012; 12:48. [PMID: 23173568 PMCID: PMC3519531 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-12-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Zoledronic acid is used to treat bone metastases and has been shown to reduce skeletal-related events and exert antitumor activity. The present in vitro study investigates the mechanism of action of Zoledronic Acid on breast cancer cell lines with different hormonal and HER2 patterns. Furthermore, we investigated the efficacy of repeated versus non-repeated treatments. Methods The study was performed on 4 breast cancer cell lines (BRC-230, SkBr3, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). Non-repeated treatment (single exposure of 168 hrs’ duration) with zoledronic acid was compared with repeated treatment (separate exposures, each of 48 hrs’ duration, for a total of 168 hrs) at different dosages. A dose–response profile was generated using sulforhodamine B assay. Apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL assay and biomolecular characteristics were analyzed by western blot. Results Zoledronic acid produced a dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation in all cell lines. Anti-proliferative activity was enhanced with the repeated treatment, proving to be statistically significant in the triple-negative lines. In these lines repeated treatment showed a cytocidal effect, with apoptotic cell death caused by caspase 3, 8 and 9 activation and decreased RAS and pMAPK expression. Apoptosis was not observed in estrogen receptor-positive line: p21 overexpression suggested a slowing down of cell cycle. A decrease in RAS and pMAPK expression was seen in HER2-overexpressing line after treatment. Conclusions The study suggests that zoledronic acid has an antitumor activity in breast cancer cell lines. Its mechanism of action involves the decrease of RAS and RHO, as in osteoclasts. Repeated treatment enhances antitumor activity compared to non-repeated treatment. Repeated treatment has a killing effect on triple-negative lines due to apoptosis activation. Further research is warranted especially in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toni Ibrahim
- Osteoncology Center, IRCCS Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), via P, Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Influence of osteopontin silencing on survival and migration of lung cancer cells. Strahlenther Onkol 2012; 189:62-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00066-012-0238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
26
|
Akudugu JM, Azzam EI, Howell RW. Induction of lethal bystander effects in human breast cancer cell cultures by DNA-incorporated Iodine-125 depends on phenotype. Int J Radiat Biol 2012; 88:1028-38. [PMID: 22489958 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2012.683511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study uses a three-dimensional cell culture model to investigate lethal bystander effects in human breast cancer cell cultures (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231) treated with (125)I-labeled 5-iodo-2 -deoxyuridine ((125)IdU). These breast cancer cell lines respectively form metastatic xenografts in nude mice in an estrogen-dependent and independent manner. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, these cells were cultured in loosely-packed three-dimensional architecture in a Cytomatrix™ carbon scaffold. Cultures were pulse-labeled for 3 h with (125)IdU to selectively irradiate a minor fraction of cells, and simultaneously co-pulse-labeled with 0.04 mM 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) to identify the radiolabeled cells using Click-iT(®) EdU and flow cytometry. The cultures were then washed and incubated for 48 h. The cells were then harvested, serially diluted, and seeded for colony formation. Aliquots of cells were subjected to flow cytometry to determine the percentage of cells labeled with (125)IdU/EdU. Additional aliquots were used to determine the mean (125)I activity per labeled cell. The percentage of labeled cells was about 15% and 10% for MCF-7 and MDA cells, respectively. This created irradiation conditions wherein the cross-dose to unlabeled cells was small relative to the self-dose to labeled cells. The surviving fraction relative to EdU-treated controls was measured. RESULTS Survival curves indicated significant lethal bystander effect in MCF-7 cells, however, no significant lethal bystander effect was observed in MDA-MB-231 cells. CONCLUSIONS These studies demonstrate the capacity of (125)IdU to induce lethal bystander effects in human breast cancer cells and suggest that the response depends on phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John M Akudugu
- Division of Radiation Research, Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical School Cancer Center, University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yan M, Xu H, Waddell N, Shield-Artin K, Haviv I, McKay MJ, Fox SB. Enhanced RAD21 cohesin expression confers poor prognosis in BRCA2 and BRCAX, but not BRCA1 familial breast cancers. Breast Cancer Res 2012; 14:R69. [PMID: 22537934 PMCID: PMC3446404 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The RAD21 gene encodes a key component of the cohesin complex, which is essential for chromosome segregation, and together with BRCA1 and BRCA2, for high-fidelity DNA repair by homologous recombination. Although its expression correlates with early relapse and treatment resistance in sporadic breast cancers, it is unclear whether familial breast cancers behave in a similar manner. METHODS We performed an immunohistochemical analysis of RAD21 expression in a cohort of 94 familial breast cancers (28 BRCA1, 27 BRCA2, and 39 BRCAX) and correlated these data with genotype and clinicopathologic parameters, including survival. In these cancers, we also correlated RAD21 expression with genomic expression profiling and gene copy-number changes and miRNAs predicted to target RAD21. RESULTS No significant differences in nuclear RAD21 expression were observed between BRCA1 (12 (43%) of 28), BRCA2 (12 (44%) of 27), and BRCAX cancers (12 (33%) of 39 (p = 0.598). No correlation was found between RAD21 expression and grade, size, or lymph node, ER, or HER2 status (all P > 0.05). As for sporadic breast cancers, RAD21 expression correlated with shorter survival in grade 3 (P = 0.009) and but not in grade 1 (P = 0.065) or 2 cancers (P = 0.090). Expression of RAD21 correlated with poorer survival in patients treated with chemotherapy (P = 0.036) but not with hormonal therapy (P = 0.881). RAD21 expression correlated with shorter survival in BRCA2 (P = 0.006) and BRCAX (P = 0.008), but not BRCA1 cancers (P = 0.713). Changes in RAD21 mRNA were reflected by genomic changes in DNA copy number (P < 0.001) and by RAD21 protein expression, as assessed with immunohistochemistry (P = 0.047). High RAD21 expression was associated with genomic instability, as assessed by the total number of base pairs affected by genomic change (P = 0.048). Of 15 miRNAs predicted to target RAD21, mir-299-5p inversely correlated with RAD21 expression (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Potential use of RAD21 as a predictive and prognostic marker in familial breast cancers is hence feasible and may therefore take into account the patient's BRCA1/2 mutation status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max Yan
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Barker Street, Randwick, 2031, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hahnel A, Wichmann H, Greither T, Kappler M, Würl P, Kotzsch M, Taubert H, Vordermark D, Bache M. Prognostic impact of mRNA levels of osteopontin splice variants in soft tissue sarcoma patients. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:131. [PMID: 22471890 PMCID: PMC3364873 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is well known that osteopontin (OPN) plays an important role in tumor progression and that a high OPN expression level in several tumor entities correlates with poor prognosis in cancer patients. However, little is known about the prognostic relevance of the OPN mRNA splice variants. Methods We analyzed the mRNA expression levels of different OPN splice variants in tumor tissue of 124 soft tissue sarcoma (STS) patients. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze the mRNA expression level of three OPN splice variants (OPN-a, -b and -c). Results The multivariate Cox's proportional hazard regression model revealed that high mRNA expression levels of OPN splice variants are significantly associated with poor prognosis in STS patients (n = 124). Women (n = 68) with high mRNA expression levels of OPN-a and OPN-b have an especially elevated risk of tumor-related death (OPN-a: RR = 3.0, P = 0.01, CI = 1.3-6.8; OPN-b: RR = 3.4, P = 0.01, CI = 1.4-8.2). In particular, we found that high mRNA expression levels of OPN-b and OPN-c correlated with a high risk of tumor-related death in STS patients that received radiotherapy (n = 52; OPN-b: RR = 10.3, P < 0.01, CI = 2.0-53.7; OPN-c: RR = 11.4, P < 0.01, CI = 2.2-59.3). Conclusion Our study shows that elevated mRNA expression levels of OPN splice variants are negative prognostic and predictive markers for STS patients. Further studies are needed to clarify the impact of the OPN splice variants on prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antje Hahnel
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Saale, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Stingl L, Niewidok N, Müller N, Selle M, Djuzenova CS, Flentje M. Radiosensitizing effect of the novel Hsp90 inhibitor NVP-AUY922 in human tumour cell lines silenced for Hsp90α. Strahlenther Onkol 2012; 188:507-15. [PMID: 22441439 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-012-0080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hsp90 inhibitors can enhance the tumour sensitivity to ionising radiation (IR). However, Hsp90 inhibition leads to the up-regulation of anti-apoptotic Hsp90 and Hsp70, which might diminish the radiosensitizing effects of the inhibitors. Therefore, inhibition of the up-regulation of Hsp90 by siRNA might be a promising strategy to enhance drug-mediated radiosensitization. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of Hsp90α was silenced in A549 and GaMG tumour cell lines by siRNA treatment. Pre-silenced for Hsp90α cells were treated with NVP-AUY922, a novel Hsp90 inhibitor, for 24 h and then irradiated. Radiation response was determined by colony-forming ability. The expression of several marker proteins was analysed by Western blot. DNA damage and repair were assessed by histone γH2AX measurements. RESULTS We found that transfection with siRNA against Hsp90α reduced Hsp90α at mRNA and protein levels. Pre-silencing of Hsp90α reduced NVP-AUY922-mediated up-regulation of Hsp90α but it did not increase drug-mediated radiosensitization in both tumour cell lines. As revealed by Western blot, pre-silencing of Hsp90α followed by NVP-AUY922 did not change the expression of Hsp90 client proteins (Akt, Raf-1, Cdk1 and Cdk4) compared with drug treatment alone, suggesting unchanged chaperone function in transfected cells. CONCLUSION Pre-silencing of Hsp90α followed by Hsp90 inhibition did not enhance the radiosensitizing effect of NVP-AUY922 in both tested tumour cell lines. Future work will be done on stable transfection with shRNA against Hsp90α or simultaneous silencing of both Hsp90 isoforms, Hsp90α and Hsp90β, in order to optimize tumour cell killing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Stingl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kavlock KD, Goldstein AS. Effect of pulse frequency on the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in a pulsatile perfusion bioreactor. J Biomech Eng 2012; 133:091005. [PMID: 22010740 DOI: 10.1115/1.4004919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Perfusion bioreactors are a promising in vitro strategy to engineer bone tissue because they supply needed oxygen and nutrients and apply an osteoinductive mechanical stimulus to osteoblasts within large porous three-dimensional scaffolds. Model two-dimensional studies have shown that dynamic flow conditions (e.g., pulsatile oscillatory waveforms) elicit an enhanced mechanotransductive response and elevated expression of osteoblastic proteins relative to steady flow. However, dynamic perfusion of three-dimensional scaffolds has been primarily examined in short term cultures to probe for early markers of mechanotransduction. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of extended dynamic perfusion culture on osteoblastic differentiation of primary mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). To accomplish this, rat bone marrow-derived MSCs were seeded into porous foam scaffolds and cultured for 15 days in osteogenic medium under pulsatile regimens of 0.083, 0.050, and 0.017 Hz. Concurrently, MSCs seeded in scaffolds were also maintained under static conditions or cultured under steady perfusion. Analysis of the cells after 15 days of culture indicated that alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mRNA expression of osteopontin (OPN), and accumulation of OPN and prostaglandin E(2) were enhanced for all four perfusion conditions relative to static culture. ALP activity, OPN and OC mRNA, and OPN protein accumulation were slightly higher for the intermediate frequency (0.05 Hz) as compared with the other flow conditions, but the differences were not statistically significant. Nevertheless, these results demonstrate that dynamic perfusion of MSCs may be a useful strategy for stimulating osteoblastic differentiation in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine D Kavlock
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0211, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Matthews Q, Jirasek A, Lum JJ, Brolo AG. Biochemical signatures of in vitro radiation response in human lung, breast and prostate tumour cells observed with Raman spectroscopy. Phys Med Biol 2011; 56:6839-55. [PMID: 21971286 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/56/21/006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This work applies noninvasive single-cell Raman spectroscopy (RS) and principal component analysis (PCA) to analyze and correlate radiation-induced biochemical changes in a panel of human tumour cell lines that vary by tissue of origin, p53 status and intrinsic radiosensitivity. Six human tumour cell lines, derived from prostate (DU145, PC3 and LNCaP), breast (MDA-MB-231 and MCF7) and lung (H460), were irradiated in vitro with single fractions (15, 30 or 50 Gy) of 6 MV photons. Remaining live cells were harvested for RS analysis at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h post-irradiation, along with unirradiated controls. Single-cell Raman spectra were acquired from 20 cells per sample utilizing a 785 nm excitation laser. All spectra (200 per cell line) were individually post-processed using established methods and the total data set for each cell line was analyzed with PCA using standard algorithms. One radiation-induced PCA component was detected for each cell line by identification of statistically significant changes in the PCA score distributions for irradiated samples, as compared to unirradiated samples, in the first 24-72 h post-irradiation. These RS response signatures arise from radiation-induced changes in cellular concentrations of aromatic amino acids, conformational protein structures and certain nucleic acid and lipid functional groups. Correlation analysis between the radiation-induced PCA components separates the cell lines into three distinct RS response categories: R1 (H460 and MCF7), R2 (MDA-MB-231 and PC3) and R3 (DU145 and LNCaP). These RS categories partially segregate according to radiosensitivity, as the R1 and R2 cell lines are radioresistant (SF(2) > 0.6) and the R3 cell lines are radiosensitive (SF(2) < 0.5). The R1 and R2 cell lines further segregate according to p53 gene status, corroborated by cell cycle analysis post-irradiation. Potential radiation-induced biochemical response mechanisms underlying our RS observations are proposed, such as (1) the regulated synthesis and degradation of structured proteins and (2) the expression of anti-apoptosis factors or other survival signals. This study demonstrates the utility of RS for noninvasive radiobiological analysis of tumour cell radiation response, and indicates the potential for future RS studies designed to investigate, monitor or predict radiation response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Q Matthews
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria BC V8W 3P6, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bache M, Zschornak MP, Passin S, Kessler J, Wichmann H, Kappler M, Paschke R, Kaluđerović GN, Kommera H, Taubert H, Vordermark D. Increased betulinic acid induced cytotoxicity and radiosensitivity in glioma cells under hypoxic conditions. Radiat Oncol 2011; 6:111. [PMID: 21906280 PMCID: PMC3182903 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-6-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Betulinic acid (BA) is a novel antineoplastic agent under evaluation for tumor therapy. Because of the selective cytotoxic effects of BA in tumor cells (including gliomas), the combination of this agent with conservative therapies (such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy) may be useful. Previously, the combination of BA with irradiation under hypoxic conditions had never been studied. METHODS In this study, the effects of 3 to 30 μM BA on cytotoxicity, migration, the protein expression of PARP, survivin and HIF-1α, as well as radiosensitivity under normoxic and hypoxic conditions were analyzed in the human malignant glioma cell lines U251MG and U343MG. Cytotoxicity and radiosensitivity were analyzed with clonogenic survival assays, migration was analyzed with Boyden chamber assays (or scratch assays) and protein expression was examined with Western blot analyses. RESULTS Under normoxic conditions, a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 23 μM was observed in U251MG cells and 24 μM was observed in U343MG cells. Under hypoxic conditions, 10 μM or 15 μM of BA showed a significantly increased cytotoxicity in U251MG cells (p = 0.004 and p = 0.01, respectively) and U343MG cells (p < 0.05 and p = 0.01, respectively). The combination of BA with radiotherapy resulted in an additive effect in the U343MG cell line under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Weak radiation enhancement was observed in U251MG cell line after treatment with BA under normoxic conditions. Furthermore, under hypoxic conditions, the incubation with BA resulted in increased radiation enhancement. The enhancement factor, at an irradiation dose of 15 Gy after treatment with 10 or 15 μM BA, was 2.20 (p = 0.02) and 4.50 (p = 0.03), respectively. Incubation with BA led to decreased cell migration, cleavage of PARP and decreased expression levels of survivin in both cell lines. Additionally, BA treatment resulted in a reduction of HIF-1α protein under hypoxic conditions. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that BA is capable of improving the effects of tumor therapy in human malignant glioma cells, particularly under hypoxic conditions. Further investigations are necessary to characterize its potential as a radiosensitizer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Bache
- Department of Radiotherapy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Dryanderstr, 4, 06110 Halle, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Likui W, Hong W, Shuwen Z, Yuangang Y, Yan W. The potential of osteopontin as a therapeutic target for human colorectal cancer. J Gastrointest Surg 2011; 15:652-9. [PMID: 21318445 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-011-1445-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteopontin (OPN), a phosphorylated glycoprotein, is involved in tumor progression and metastasis. Previously, we have reported that high OPN mRNA expression level possessed clinicopathological or prognostic significance in human colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study is to investigate whether OPN can serve as a novel molecular target for CRC therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Western Blot assay was performed to detect the expression of OPN protein in 18 CRC and corresponding nontumor colon tissue samples. RNA interference (RNAi) was employed to knockdown endogenous OPN expression in CRC cell line (LoVo). MTT, colony formation, and tumorigenicity assays were performed to analyze the effect of OPN downregulation on the in vitro and in vivo proliferation of CRC cells. Wound healing and Matrigel invasion assays were performed to analyze the effect of OPN downregulation on migration and invasion of CRC cells. A clonogenic cell survival assay after radiation was performed to analyze the effect of OPN downregulation on the radiosensitivity of CRC cells. RESULTS The relative level of OPN protein expression in CRC tissues was significantly higher than that in corresponding nontumor colon tissues (P < 0.05). We found that RNAi-mediated OPN downregulation could inhibit not only in vitro proliferation but also in vivo tumorigenicity of CRC cells. In addition, OPN downregulation could suppress in vitro invasion capacity and enhance in vitro radiosensitivity of CRC cells, which might be associated with decreased levels of MMP-2 and -9 expression. CONCLUSION RNAi-targeting OPN could inhibit proliferation, invasion and enhance radiosensitivity of human CRC cells. Therefore, OPN could serve as a novel molecular target for gene therapy of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Likui
- Department of Infection, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-An Road, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|