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Yu JH, Zhao QY, Liu Y, Zhu XR, Yang ZR, Fu XL, Cai XW. The Plasma Levels and Polymorphisms of Vitronectin Predict Radiation Pneumonitis in Patients With Lung Cancer Receiving Thoracic Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 110:757-765. [PMID: 33610390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our previous findings have identified vitronectin (VTN) as a potential biomarker for radiation pneumonitis (RP) through proteomics and molecular mechanism studies. In a recent study, we further explored associations of plasma level and single nucleotide polymorphisms of VTN with the risk of RP in patients with lung cancer receiving radiation therapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS A total of 165 patients with lung cancer were prospectively enrolled with detection of VTN concentration before radiation therapy. VTN reference single nucleotide polymorphisms, rs704 and rs2227721, were genotyped by Taqman probe method. Cox proportional hazard models were performed to identify clinical variables and genotypes associated with the risk of RP on univariate and multivariate analyses, and t tests and analysis of variance were conducted to evaluate the expression level of VTN. RESULTS The baseline secretion level of VTN in patients with grade ≥3 RP was significantly higher than that in grade <3 RP patients (P < .0001), and elevated levels were observed in patients having the AA genotype compared with GA/GG genotypes of rs704. The VTN rs704 GA/GG and rs2227721 AA/AC genotypes had a significantly lower risk of RP (hazard ratio [HR], 0.448, P = .005; HR, 0.419, P = .008, respectively). In addition, combining cut-off values of mean lung dose (MLD) and VTN plasma level, grade ≥3 RP risk groupings were as follows: high risk: MLD ≥12 Gy and VTN level ≥132 μg/mL (RP rate, 10 of 16 patients, 62.5%); intermediate risk: MLD ≥12 Gy and VTN level <132 μg/mL or MLD <12 Gy and VTN level ≥132 μg/mL (8 of 70 patients, 11.4%); and low risk: MLD <12 Gy and VTN level <132 μg/mL (1 of 79 patients, 1.3%) (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS Among patients receiving radiation therapy, relatively high plasma levels of VTN before radiation therapy were associated with the higher incidence of RP, and VTN rs704 and rs2227721 each had a significant effect on predicting RP risk. Combining VTN concentration with MLD appeared to facilitate stratification of patients with lung cancer who received radiation therapy into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk RP groups. This study indicated that VTN may serve as a blood biomarker for susceptibility to RP in patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hua Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Ya Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Statistics, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Ru Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhang-Ru Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Long Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Wei Cai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Daisy Precilla S, Kuduvalli SS, Thirugnanasambandhar Sivasubramanian A. Disentangling the therapeutic tactics in GBM: From bench to bedside and beyond. Cell Biol Int 2020; 45:18-53. [PMID: 33049091 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common and malignant form of adult brain tumor with a high mortality rate and dismal prognosis. The present standard treatment comprising surgical resection followed by radiation and chemotherapy using temozolomide can broaden patient's survival to some extent. However, the advantages are not palliative due to the development of resistance to the drug and tumor recurrence following the multimodal treatment approaches due to both intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity of GBM. One of the major contributors to temozolomide resistance is O6 -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase. Furthermore, deficiency of mismatch repair, base excision repair, and cytoprotective autophagy adds to temozolomide obstruction. Rising proof additionally showed that a small population of cells displaying certain stem cell markers, known as glioma stem cells, adds on to the resistance and tumor progression. Collectively, these findings necessitate the discovery of novel therapeutic avenues for treating glioblastoma. As of late, after understanding the pathophysiology and biology of GBM, some novel therapeutic discoveries, such as drug repurposing, targeted molecules, immunotherapies, antimitotic therapies, and microRNAs, have been developed as new potential treatments for glioblastoma. To help illustrate, "what are the mechanisms of resistance to temozolomide" and "what kind of alternative therapeutics can be suggested" with this fatal disease, a detailed history of these has been discussed in this review article, all with a hope to develop an effective treatment strategy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Daisy Precilla
- Central Inter-Disciplinary Research Facility, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to-be University), Puducherry, India
| | - Shreyas S Kuduvalli
- Central Inter-Disciplinary Research Facility, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to-be University), Puducherry, India
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3
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Genistein inhibits radiation-induced invasion and migration of glioblastoma cells by blocking the DNA-PKcs/Akt2/Rac1 signaling pathway. Radiother Oncol 2020; 155:93-104. [PMID: 33129924 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Radiotherapy is the most important therapeutic measure against glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), which is regarded as the most common and highly lethal type of brain cancer. Nevertheless, most relapses originate in the close vicinity of the irradiated target volume. Genistein is a natural product that can suppress the invasive potential of cancer cells. In this study, DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs)-proficient and -deficient GBM cells were selected for in vitro and in vivo studies to investigate the inhibiting effects of genistein on radiation-induced invasion and migration and the corresponding mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS GBM cell lines with or without genistein pre-treatment were irradiated with X-rays. Cell survival was determined using colony formation assay and the rate of cellular proliferation was analyzed with a real-time cell electronic sensing system. For in vitro study, invasion and migration abilities were evaluated via wound-healing and transwell assays, while protein expression was determined with western blotting. Genistein interaction with DNA-PKcs was estimated with pull-down, recombinant and binding assays. For in vivo study, cells were stereotactically injected into NOD-SCID mice to establish tumors. Hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the invasive potential of GBM. RESULTS X-ray irradiation enhanced the migration and invasion of DNA-PKcs-positive but not DNA-PKcs-negative GBM cells. It also activated the DNA-PKcs/Akt2/Rac1 signaling pathway, which contributed to GBM malignant progression by aggravating GBM cell invasive potential. The study successfully demonstrated that genistein can specifically bind to DNA-PKcs and block the DNA-PKcs/Akt2/Rac1 pathway, thereby effectively inhibiting radiation-induced invasion and migration of GBM cells in vitro and in vivo. The present study emphasized that radiation-induced invasive potential is initiated by DNA-PKcs, which is a well-known double strand breaks (DSB) repair protein, and determined the exact site for genistein binding to DNA-PKcs. CONCLUSION DNA-PKcs is not only a potential target for cancer therapy, but also a reliable biomarker for predicting radiation-induced invasion and migration of GBM cells. Thus, genistein might serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for treating GBM.
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4
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Matejka N, Reindl J. Perspectives of cellular communication through tunneling nanotubes in cancer cells and the connection to radiation effects. Radiat Oncol 2019; 14:218. [PMID: 31796110 PMCID: PMC6889217 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-019-1416-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct cell-to-cell communication is crucial for the survival of cells in stressful situations such as during or after radiation exposure. This communication can lead to non-targeted effects, where non-treated or non-infected cells show effects induced by signal transduction from non-healthy cells or vice versa. In the last 15 years, tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) were identified as membrane connections between cells which facilitate the transfer of several cargoes and signals. TNTs were identified in various cell types and serve as promoter of treatment resistance e.g. in chemotherapy treatment of cancer. Here, we discuss our current understanding of how to differentiate tunneling nanotubes from other direct cellular connections and their role in the stress reaction of cellular networks. We also provide a perspective on how the capability of cells to form such networks is related to the ability to surpass stress and how this can be used to study radioresistance of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Matejka
- Institut für angewandte Physik und Messtechnik, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Judith Reindl
- Institut für angewandte Physik und Messtechnik, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany
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5
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Shahhoseini E, Feltis BN, Nakayama M, Piva TJ, Pouniotis D, Alghamdi SS, Geso M. Combined Effects of Gold Nanoparticles and Ionizing Radiation on Human Prostate and Lung Cancer Cell Migration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184488. [PMID: 31514328 PMCID: PMC6770098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of 15 nm-sized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and/or ionizing radiation (IR) on the migration and adhesion of human prostate (DU145) and lung (A549) cancer cell lines was investigated. Cell migration was measured by observing the closing of a gap created by a pipette tip on cell monolayers grown in 6-well plates. The ratio of the gap areas at 0 h and 24 h were used to calculate the relative migration. The relative migration of cells irradiated with 5 Gy was found to be 89% and 86% for DU145 and A549 cells respectively. When the cells were treated with 1 mM AuNPs this fell to ~75% for both cell lines. However, when the cells were treated with both AuNPs and IR an additive effect was seen, as the relative migration rate fell to ~60%. Of interest was that when the cells were exposed to either 2 or 5 Gy IR, their ability to adhere to the surface of a polystyrene culture plate was significantly enhanced, unlike that seen for AuNPs. The delays in gap filling (cell migration) in cells treated with IR and/or AuNPs can be attributed to cellular changes which also may have altered cell motility. In addition, changes in the cytoskeleton of the cancer cells may have also affected adhesiveness and thus the cancer cell's motility response to IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Shahhoseini
- Discipline of Medical Radiation, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora 3083, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Bryce N Feltis
- Discipline of Human Bioscience, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora 3083, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Masao Nakayama
- Discipline of Medical Radiation, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora 3083, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Terrence J Piva
- Discipline of Human Bioscience, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora 3083, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Dodie Pouniotis
- Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora 3083, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Salem S Alghamdi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Collage of Applied Medical Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Moshi Geso
- Discipline of Medical Radiation, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora 3083, Victoria, Australia.
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Smilowitz HM, Meyers A, Rahman K, Dyment NA, Sasso D, Xue C, Oliver DL, Lichtler A, Deng X, Ridwan SM, Tarmu LJ, Wu Q, Salner AL, Bulsara KR, Slatkin DN, Hainfeld JF. Intravenously-injected gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) access intracerebral F98 rat gliomas better than AuNPs infused directly into the tumor site by convection enhanced delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:3937-3948. [PMID: 30013346 PMCID: PMC6038872 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s154555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenously (IV)-injected gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) powerfully enhance the efficacy of X-ray therapy of tumors including advanced gliomas. However, pharmacokinetic issues, such as slow tissue clearance and skin discoloration, may impede clinical translation. The direct infusion of AuNPs into the tumor might be an alternative mode of delivery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the advanced, invasive, and difficult-to-treat F98 rat glioma model, we have studied the biodistribution of the AuNPs in the tumor and surrounding brain after either IV injection or direct intratumoral infusion by convection-enhanced delivery using light microscopy immunofluorescence and direct gold visualization. RESULTS IV-injected AuNPs localize more specifically to intracerebral tumor cells, both in the main tumor mass and in the migrated tumor cells as well as the tumor edema, than do the directly infused AuNPs. Although some of the directly infused AuNPs do access the main tumor region, such access is largely restricted. CONCLUSION These data suggest that IV-injected AuNPs are likely to have a greater therapeutic benefit when combined with radiation therapy than after the direct infusion of AuNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry M Smilowitz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT,
| | - Alexandria Meyers
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT,
| | - Khalil Rahman
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT,
| | - Nathaniel A Dyment
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dan Sasso
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT,
| | - Crystal Xue
- George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Douglas L Oliver
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Alexander Lichtler
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Xiaomeng Deng
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Student Affairs Office, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sharif M Ridwan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT,
| | - Lauren J Tarmu
- Department of Human Behavior, College of Southern Nevada
- Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington
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7
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Wank M, Schilling D, Reindl J, Meyer B, Gempt J, Motov S, Alexander F, Wilkens JJ, Schlegel J, Schmid TE, Combs SE. Evaluation of radiation-related invasion in primary patient-derived glioma cells and validation with established cell lines: impact of different radiation qualities with differing LET. J Neurooncol 2018; 139:583-590. [PMID: 29882045 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-2923-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor and has a very poor overall prognosis. Multimodal treatment is still inefficient and one main reason is the invasive nature of GBM cells, enabling the tumor cells to escape from the treatment area causing tumor progression. This experimental study describes the effect of low- and high-LET irradiation on the invasion of primary GBM cells with a validation in established cell systems. METHODS Seven patient derived primary GBM as well as three established cell lines (LN229, LN18 and U87) were used in this study. Invasion was investigated using Matrigel® coated transwell chambers. Irradiation was performed with low- (X-ray) and high-LET (alpha particles) radiation. The colony formation assay was chosen to determine the corresponding alpha particle dose equivalent to the X-ray dose. RESULTS 4 Gy X-ray irradiation increased the invasive potential of six patient derived GBM cells as well as two of the established lines. In contrast, alpha particle irradiation with an equivalent dose of 1.3 Gy did not show any effect on the invasive behavior. The findings were validated with established cell lines. CONCLUSION Our results show that in contrast to low-LET irradiation high-LET irradiation does not enhance the invasion of established and primary glioblastoma cell lines. We therefore suggest that high-LET irradiation could become an alternative treatment option. To fully exploit the benefits of high-LET irradiation concerning the invasion of GBM further molecular studies should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wank
- Institute of Innovative Radiotherapy (iRT), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleißheim, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.,Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | - D Schilling
- Institute of Innovative Radiotherapy (iRT), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleißheim, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.,Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | - J Reindl
- Institute for Applied Physics and Metrology, Bundeswehr University Munich, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - B Meyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - J Gempt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - S Motov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - F Alexander
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - J J Wilkens
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - J Schlegel
- Department of Neuropathology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - T E Schmid
- Institute of Innovative Radiotherapy (iRT), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleißheim, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - S E Combs
- Institute of Innovative Radiotherapy (iRT), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleißheim, Germany. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany. .,Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partner Site, Munich, Germany.
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Abstract
Radiotherapy remains one of the corner stones in the treatment of various malignancies and often leads to an improvement in overall survival. Nonetheless, pre-clinical evidence indicates that radiation can entail pro-metastatic effects via multiple pathways. Via direct actions on cancer cells and indirect actions on the tumor microenvironment, radiation has the potential to enhance epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, invasion, migration, angiogenesis and metastasis. However, the data remains ambiguous and clinical observations that unequivocally prove these findings are lacking. In this review we discuss the pre-clinical and clinical data on the local and systemic effect of irradiation on the metastatic process with an emphasis on the molecular pathways involved.
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9
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Shen TL, Liu MN, Zhang Q, Feng W, Yu W, Fu XL, Cai XW. The positive role of vitronectin in radiation induced lung toxicity: the in vitro and in vivo mechanism study. J Transl Med 2018; 16:100. [PMID: 29661186 PMCID: PMC5902986 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1474-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiation-induced lung toxicity (RILT) is a severe complication of radiotherapy in patients with thoracic tumors. Through proteomics, we have previously identified vitronectin (VTN) as a potential biomarker for patients with lung toxicity of grade ≥ 2 radiation. Herein, we explored the molecular mechanism of VTN in the process of RILT. Methods In this study, lentivirus encoding for VTN and VTN-specific siRNA were constructed and transfected into the cultured fibroblasts and C57BL mice. Real-time PCR, western blot and ELISA were used to examine expression of collagens and several potential proteins involved in lung fibrosis. Hematoxylin–eosin and immunohistochemical staining were used to assess the fibrosis scores of lung tissue from mice received irradiation. Results The expression of VTN was up-regulated by irradiation. The change trend of collagens, TGF-β expression and p-ERK, p-AKT, and p-JNK expression levels were positively related with VTN mRNA level. Furthermore, overexpression of VTN significantly increased the expression level of α-SMA, as well as the degree of lung fibrosis in mice at 8 and 12 weeks post-irradiation. By contrast, siRNA VTN induced opposite results both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions VTN played a positive role in the lung fibrosis of RILT, possibly through modulation of fibrosis regulatory pathways and up-regulating the expression levels of fibrosis-related genes. Taken together, all the results suggested that VTN had a novel therapeutic potential for the treatment of RILT. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1474-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Le Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 Huai Hai West Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Mi-Na Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 Huai Hai West Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 Huai Hai West Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wen Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 Huai Hai West Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wen Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 Huai Hai West Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Long Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 Huai Hai West Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xu-Wei Cai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 Huai Hai West Road, Shanghai, 200030, China. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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10
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Yamauchi Y, Safi S, Orschiedt L, Gardyan A, Brons S, Rieber J, Nicolay NH, Huber PE, Eichhorn M, Dienemann H, Herth FJF, Weber KJ, Debus J, Hoffmann H, Rieken S. Low-dose photon irradiation induces invasiveness through the SDF-1α/CXCR4 pathway in malignant mesothelioma cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:68001-68011. [PMID: 28978091 PMCID: PMC5620231 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low-dose photon irradiation has repeatedly been suspected to increase a risk of promoting local recurrence of disease or even systemic dissemination. The purpose of this study was to investigate the motility of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) cell lines after low-doses of photon irradiation and to elucidate the mechanism of the detected phenotype. Methods H28 and H226 MPM cells were examined in clonogenic survival experiments and migration assays with and without various doses of photon and carbon ion irradiation. C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), SDF-1α, β1 integrin, α3 integrin, and α5 integrin expressions were analyzed by quantitative FACS analysis, ELISA and western blots. Apoptosis was assessed via Annexin-V-staining. Results The migration of MPM cells was stimulated by both fetal bovine serum and by stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α). Low doses of photon irradiation (1 Gy and 2 Gy) suppressed clonogenicity, but promoted migration of both H28 and H226 cells through the SDF-1α/CXCR4 pathway. Hypermigration was inhibited by the administration of CXCR4 antagonist, AMD3100. In contrast, corresponding doses of carbon ion irradiation (0.3 Gy and 1 Gy) suppressed clonogenicity, but did not promote MPM cell migration. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the co-administration of photon irradiation and the CXCR4-antagonist AMD3100 or the use of carbon ions instead of photons may be possible solutions to reduce the risk of locoregional tumor recurrence after radiotherapy for MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikane Yamauchi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thorax Clinic, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Seyer Safi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thorax Clinic, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena Orschiedt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adriane Gardyan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Brons
- Heidelberg Ion Treatment Facility (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juliane Rieber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Ion Treatment Facility (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nils H Nicolay
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Ion Treatment Facility (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter E Huber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Molecular and Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (dkfz), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Eichhorn
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thorax Clinic, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Dienemann
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thorax Clinic, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix J F Herth
- Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thorax Clinic, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRCH), Heidelberg, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
| | - Klaus-Josef Weber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Ion Treatment Facility (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Ion Treatment Facility (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans Hoffmann
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thorax Clinic, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Rieken
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Ion Treatment Facility (HIT), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), Heidelberg, Germany
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Boucher M, Geffroy F, Prévéral S, Bellanger L, Selingue E, Adryanczyk-Perrier G, Péan M, Lefèvre CT, Pignol D, Ginet N, Mériaux S. Genetically tailored magnetosomes used as MRI probe for molecular imaging of brain tumor. Biomaterials 2016; 121:167-178. [PMID: 28088078 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigate here the potential of single step production of genetically engineered magnetosomes, bacterial biogenic iron-oxide nanoparticles embedded in a lipid vesicle, as a new tailorable magnetic resonance molecular imaging probe. We demonstrate in vitro the specific binding and the significant internalization into U87 cells of magnetosomes decorated with RGD peptide. After injection at the tail vein of glioblastoma-bearing mice, we evidence in the first 2 h the rapid accumulation of both unlabeled and functionalized magnetosomes inside the tumor by Enhanced Permeability and Retention effects. 24 h after the injection, a specific enhancement of the tumor contrast is observed on MR images only for RGD-labeled magnetosomes. Post mortem acquisition of histological data confirms MRI results with more magnetosomes found into the tumor treated with functionalized magnetosomes. This work establishes the first proof-of-concept of a successful bio-integrated production of molecular imaging probe for MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Boucher
- UNIRS, CEA/DRF/I(2)BM/NeuroSpin, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - F Geffroy
- UNIRS, CEA/DRF/I(2)BM/NeuroSpin, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Prévéral
- LBC, CEA/DRF/BIAM, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France; UMR 7265, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France; Aix Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - L Bellanger
- LI2D, CEA/DRF/IBITEC-S/SPI, CEA Marcoule, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - E Selingue
- UNIRS, CEA/DRF/I(2)BM/NeuroSpin, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G Adryanczyk-Perrier
- LBC, CEA/DRF/BIAM, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France; UMR 7265, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France; Aix Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - M Péan
- LBC, CEA/DRF/BIAM, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France; UMR 7265, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France; Aix Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - C T Lefèvre
- LBC, CEA/DRF/BIAM, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France; UMR 7265, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France; Aix Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - D Pignol
- LBC, CEA/DRF/BIAM, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France; UMR 7265, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France; Aix Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - N Ginet
- LBC, CEA/DRF/BIAM, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France; UMR 7265, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France; Aix Marseille Université, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France; Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Marseille, France
| | - S Mériaux
- UNIRS, CEA/DRF/I(2)BM/NeuroSpin, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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12
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Walenta S, Mueller-Klieser W. Differential Superiority of Heavy Charged-Particle Irradiation to X-Rays: Studies on Biological Effectiveness and Side Effect Mechanisms in Multicellular Tumor and Normal Tissue Models. Front Oncol 2016; 6:30. [PMID: 26942125 PMCID: PMC4766872 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This review is focused on the radiobiology of carbon ions compared to X-rays using multicellular models of tumors and normal mucosa. The first part summarizes basic radiobiological effects, as observed in cancer cells. The second, more clinically oriented part of the review, deals with radiation-induced cell migration and mucositis. Multicellular spheroids from V79 hamster cells were irradiated with X-rays or carbon ions under ambient or restricted oxygen supply conditions. Reliable oxygen enhancement ratios could be derived to be 2.9, 2.8, and 1.4 for irradiation with photons, 12C+6 in the plateau region, and 12C+6 in the Bragg peak, respectively. Similarly, a relative biological effectiveness of 4.3 and 2.1 for ambient pO2 and hypoxia was obtained, respectively. The high effectiveness of carbon ions was reflected by an enhanced accumulation of cells in G2/M and a dose-dependent massive induction of apoptosis. These data clearly show that heavy charged particles are more efficient in sterilizing tumor cells than conventional irradiation even under hypoxic conditions. Clinically relevant doses (3 Gy) of X-rays induced an increase in migratory activity of U87 but not of LN229 or HCT116 tumor cells. Such an increase in cell motility following irradiation in situ could be the source of recurrence. In contrast, carbon ion treatment was associated with a dose-dependent decrease in migration with all cell lines and under all conditions investigated. The radiation-induced loss of cell motility was correlated, in most cases, with corresponding changes in β1 integrin expression. The photon-induced increase in cell migration was paralleled by an elevated phosphorylation status of the epidermal growth factor receptor and AKT-ERK1/2 pathway. Such a hyperphosphorylation did not occur during 12C+6 irradiation under all conditions registered. Comparing the gene toxicity of X-rays with that of particles using the γH2AX technique in organotypic cultures of the oral mucosa, the superior effectiveness of heavy ions was confirmed by a twofold higher number of foci per nucleus. However, proinflammatory signs were similar for both treatment modalities, e.g., the activation of NFκB and the release of IL6 and IL8. The presence of peripheral blood mononuclear cell increased the radiation-induced release of the proinflammatory cytokines by factors of 2–3. Carbon ions are part of the cosmic radiation. Long-term exposure to such particles during extended space flights, as planned by international space agencies, may thus impose a medical and safety risk on the astronauts by a potential induction of mucositis. In summary, particle irradiation is superior to gamma-rays due to a higher radiobiological effectiveness, a reduced hypoxia-induced radioresistance, a multicellular radiosensitization, and the absence of a radiation-induced cell motility. However, the potential of inducing mucositis is similar for both radiation types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Walenta
- Institute of Pathophysiology, University Medical Center, University of Mainz , Mainz , Germany
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13
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Vehlow A, Storch K, Matzke D, Cordes N. Molecular Targeting of Integrins and Integrin-Associated Signaling Networks in Radiation Oncology. Recent Results Cancer Res 2016; 198:89-106. [PMID: 27318682 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-49651-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Radiation and chemotherapy are the main pillars of the current multimodal treatment concept for cancer patients. However, tumor recurrences and resistances still hamper treatment success regardless of advances in radiation beam application, particle radiotherapy, and optimized chemotherapeutics. To specifically intervene at key recurrence- and resistance-promoting molecular processes, the development of potent and specific molecular-targeted agents is demanded for an efficient, safe, and simultaneous integration into current standard of care regimens. Potential targets for such an approach are integrins conferring structural and biochemical communication between cells and their microenvironment. Integrin binding to extracellular matrix activates intracellular signaling for regulating essential cellular functions such as survival, proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and cell motility. Tumor-associated characteristics such as invasion, metastasis, and radiochemoresistance also highly depend on integrin function. Owing to their dual functionality and their overexpression in the majority of human malignancies, integrins present ideal and accessible targets for cancer therapy. In the following chapter, the current knowledge on aspects of the tumor microenvironment, the molecular regulation of integrin-dependent radiochemoresistance and current approaches to integrin targeting are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Vehlow
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katja Storch
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniela Matzke
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nils Cordes
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Institute of Radiooncology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.
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14
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Huber SM, Butz L, Stegen B, Klumpp L, Klumpp D, Eckert F. Role of ion channels in ionizing radiation-induced cell death. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:2657-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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15
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Rieken S, Rieber J, Brons S, Habermehl D, Rief H, Orschiedt L, Lindel K, Weber KJ, Debus J, Combs SE. Radiation-induced motility alterations in medulloblastoma cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2015; 56:430-436. [PMID: 25736470 PMCID: PMC4426914 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rru120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Photon irradiation has been repeatedly suspected of increasing tumor cell motility and promoting locoregional recurrence of disease. This study was set up to analyse possible mechanisms underlying the potentially radiation-altered motility in medulloblastoma cells. Medulloblastoma cell lines D425 and Med8A were analyzed in migration and adhesion experiments with and without photon and carbon ion irradiation. Expression of integrins was determined by quantitative FACS analysis. Matrix metalloproteinase concentrations within cell culture supernatants were investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test. Both photon and carbon ion irradiation significantly reduced chemotactic medulloblastoma cell transmigration through 8-μm pore size membranes, while simultaneously increasing adherence to fibronectin- and collagen I- and IV-coated surfaces. Correspondingly, both photon and carbon ion irradiation downregulate soluble MMP9 concentrations, while upregulating cell surface expression of proadhesive extracellular matrix protein-binding integrin α5. The observed phenotype of radiation-altered motility is more pronounced following carbon ion than photon irradiation. Both photon and (even more so) carbon ion irradiation are effective in inhibiting medulloblastoma cell migration through downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and upregulation of proadhesive cell surface integrin α5, which lead to increased cell adherence to extracellular matrix proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Rieken
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Department of Radiation Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juliane Rieber
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Department of Radiation Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Brons
- Heidelberg Ion Treatment Facility (HIT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 450, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Habermehl
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Klinik für Radioonkologie und Strahlentherapie, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Harald Rief
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Department of Radiation Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena Orschiedt
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Department of Radiation Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Lindel
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Department of Radiation Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus J Weber
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Department of Radiation Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- University Hospital of Heidelberg, Department of Radiation Oncology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie E Combs
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Klinik für Radioonkologie und Strahlentherapie, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 München, Germany
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16
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Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform is the most common and aggressive brain tumor with a worse prognostic. Ionizing radiation is a cornerstone in the treatment of glioblastome with chemo-radiation association being the actual standard. As a paradoxal effect, it has been suggested that radiotherapy could have a deleterious effect on local recurrence of cancer. In vivo studies have studied the effect of radiotherapy on biological modification and pathogenous effect of cancer cells. It seems that ionizing radiations with photon could activate oncogenic pathways in glioblastoma cell lines. We realized a review of the literature of photon-enhanced effect on invasion and migration of glioblastoma cells by radiotherapy.
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17
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Buckel L, Savariar EN, Crisp JL, Jones KA, Hicks AM, Scanderbeg DJ, Nguyen QT, Sicklick JK, Lowy AM, Tsien RY, Advani SJ. Tumor radiosensitization by monomethyl auristatin E: mechanism of action and targeted delivery. Cancer Res 2015; 75:1376-1387. [PMID: 25681274 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsic tumor resistance to radiotherapy limits the efficacy of ionizing radiation (IR). Sensitizing cancer cells specifically to IR would improve tumor control and decrease normal tissue toxicity. The development of tumor-targeting technologies allows for developing potent radiosensitizing drugs. We hypothesized that the anti-tubulin agent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), a component of a clinically approved antibody-directed conjugate, could function as a potent radiosensitizer and be selectively delivered to tumors using an activatable cell-penetrating peptide targeting matrix metalloproteinases and RGD-binding integrins (ACPP-cRGD-MMAE). We evaluated the ability of MMAE to radiosensitize both established cancer cells and a low-passage cultured human pancreatic tumor cell line using clonogenic and DNA damage assays. MMAE sensitized colorectal and pancreatic cancer cells to IR in a schedule- and dose-dependent manner, correlating with mitotic arrest. Radiosensitization was evidenced by decreased clonogenic survival and increased DNA double-strand breaks in irradiated cells treated with MMAE. MMAE in combination with IR resulted in increased DNA damage signaling and activation of CHK1. To test a therapeutic strategy of MMAE and IR, PANC-1 or HCT-116 murine tumor xenografts were treated with nontargeted free MMAE or tumor-targeted MMAE (ACPP-cRGD-MMAE). While free MMAE in combination with IR resulted in tumor growth delay, tumor-targeted ACPP-cRGD-MMAE with IR produced a more robust and significantly prolonged tumor regression in xenograft models. Our studies identify MMAE as a potent radiosensitizer. Importantly, MMAE radiosensitization can be localized to tumors by targeted activatable cell-penetrating peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Buckel
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences
| | | | | | | | - Angel M Hicks
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences
| | | | | | | | | | - Roger Y Tsien
- Department of Pharmacology.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Sunil J Advani
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences.,Center for Advanced Radiotherapy Technologies University of California San Diego
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18
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Storch K, Sagerer A, Cordes N. Cytotoxic and radiosensitizing effects of FAK targeting in human glioblastoma cells in vitro. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2009-16. [PMID: 25625667 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive and extremely lethal cancer and novel molecular therapies are required for optimized multimodal therapy regimes. While focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is regarded as a therapeutic target, its radiosensitizing potential remains to be elucidated in glioblastoma. Thus, FAK was inhibited using the pharmaco-logical inhibitor TAE226 and cytotoxicity and radiosensitization of glioblastoma cells were investigated in vitro. Monolayer and suspension cell cultures of a panel of glioblastoma cell lines (A172, LN229, U87MG, U138MG, U343MG, DD-HT7607, and DD-T4) were treated with increasing TAE226 concentrations (0-10 µM) alone or in combination with X-rays (0-6 Gy). Subsequently, clonogenic cell survival, expression and the phosphorylation of FAK downstream signaling, apoptosis and autophagy were analyzed. Efficient FAK inhibition by TAE226 mediated significant cytotoxicity and reduced sphere formation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Two out of seven glioblastoma cell lines showed radiosensitization. Apoptotic induction by TAE226 was cell line-dependent. The results demonstrated that pharmacological FAK inhibitor TAE226 efficiently reduced clonogenicity and sphere formation in glioblastoma cells without generally modifying their radiosensitivity. However, future studies are necessary to define the potential of FAK inhibition by TAE226 or other pharmacological inhibitors in combination with radiochemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Storch
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andre Sagerer
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nils Cordes
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
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19
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Zheng Q, Liu Y, Zhou HJ, Du YT, Zhang BP, Zhang J, Miao GY, Liu B, Zhang H. X-ray radiation promotes the metastatic potential of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells via modulation of biomechanical and cytoskeletal properties. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 34:894-903. [PMID: 25586002 DOI: 10.1177/0960327114561664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the metastatic potential of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) cells after X-ray irradiation as well as radiation-induced changes in the biomechanical properties and cytoskeletal structure that are relevant to metastasis. Tca-8113 TSCC cells were X-ray-irradiated at increasing doses (0, 1, 2, or 4 Gy), and 24 h later, migration was evaluated with the wound healing and transwell migration assays, while invasion was assessed with the Matrigel invasion assay. Confocal and atomic force microscopy were used to examine changes in the structure of the actin cytoskeleton and Young's modulus (cell stiffness), respectively. X-ray radiation induced dose-dependent increases in invasive and migratory potentials of cells relative to unirradiated control cells (p < 0.05). The Young's modulus of irradiated cells was decreased by radiation exposure (p < 0.05), which was accompanied by alterations in the integrity and organization of the cytoskeletal network, as evidenced by a decrease in the signal intensity of actin fibers (p < 0.05). X-ray irradiation enhanced migration and invasiveness in Tca-8113 TSCC cells by altering their biomechanical properties and the organization of the actin cytoskeleton. A biomechanics-based analysis can provide an additional platform for assessing tumor response to radiation and optimization of cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Zheng
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - H J Zhou
- School of Stomatology, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Y T Du
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - B P Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - J Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - G Y Miao
- Department of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - B Liu
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China Corresponding authors with equal contribution
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China Corresponding authors with equal contribution
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20
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Simon F, Dittmar JO, Brons S, Orschiedt L, Urbschat S, Weber KJ, Debus J, Combs SE, Rieken S. Integrin-based meningioma cell migration is promoted by photon but not by carbon-ion irradiation. Strahlenther Onkol 2014; 191:347-55. [PMID: 25445155 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-014-0778-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sublethal doses of photon irradiation (IR) are suspected to increase tumor cell migration and support locoregional recurrence of disease, which has already been shown in other cell lines. This manuscript describes the effect of photon and carbon-ion IR on WHO class I meningioma cell migration and provides an approach to the underlying cellular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Meningioma cells were gained operatively at the university hospital in Homburg/Saar, Germany. For migration, membranes (8-µm pore sizes) were coated with collagen I, with collagen IV, and with fibronectin. Cells were analyzed in migration experiments with or without serum stimulation, with or without photon and carbon IR 24 h prior to experiments, and with or without integrin antibodies. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analyses of the integrins ανβ1, ανβ3, and ανβ5 were performed without IR and 6, 12 and 24 h after IR. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analyses of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were realized with and without IR after cells were cultured on collagen I, collagen IV, or fibronectin for 24 h. Cells and supernatants for FACS and ELISA were stored at - 18 °C. The significance level was set at 5 % using both Student's t test and two-way ANOVA. RESULTS Migration of meningioma cells was serum-inducible (p < 0.001). It could be increased by photon IR (p < 0.02). The integrins ανβ1 and ανβ5 showed a 21 and 11 % higher expression after serum stimulation (not significant), respectively, and ανβ1 expression was raised by 14 % (p = 0.0057) after photon IR. Antibody blockage of the integrins ανβ1 and ανβ5 inhibited serum- and photon-induced migration. Expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 remained unchanged after both IR and fetal bovine serum (FBS). Carbon-ion IR left both integrin expression and meningioma cell migration unaffected. CONCLUSION Photon but not carbon-ion IR promotes serum-based meningioma cell migration. Fibronectin receptor integrin ανβ1 signaling can be identified as an important mechanism for serum- and photon-induced migration of WHO class I meningioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Simon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany,
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21
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Moncharmont C, Levy A, Guy JB, Falk AT, Guilbert M, Trone JC, Alphonse G, Gilormini M, Ardail D, Toillon RA, Rodriguez-Lafrasse C, Magné N. Radiation-enhanced cell migration/invasion process: a review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2014; 92:133-42. [PMID: 24908570 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a keystone treatment in cancer. Photon radiation has proved its benefits in overall survival in many clinical studies. However, some patients present local recurrences or metastases when cancer cells survive to treatment. Metastasis is a process which includes adhesion of the cell to the extracellular matrix, degradation of the matrix by proteases, cell motility, intravasation in blood or lymphatic vessels, extravasation in distant parenchyma and development of cell colonies. Several studies demonstrated that ionizing radiation might promote migration and invasion of tumor cells by intricate implications in the micro-environment, cell-cell junctions, extracellular matrix junctions, proteases secretion, and induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. This review reports various cellular pathways involved in the photon-enhanced cell invasion process for which potential therapeutic target may be employed for enhancing antitumor effectiveness. Understanding these mechanisms could lead to therapeutic strategies to counter the highly invasive cell lines via specific inhibitors or carbon-ion therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Moncharmont
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, EMR3738, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, 69921 Oullins, France; Department of Radiotherapy, Institut de Cancérologie de la Lucien Neuwirth, St Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Antonin Levy
- Department of Radiotherapy, GustaveRoussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Guy
- Department of Radiotherapy, Institut de Cancérologie de la Lucien Neuwirth, St Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Alexander T Falk
- Department of Radiotherapy, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Matthieu Guilbert
- INSERM U908, Growth Factor Signalling in Breast Cancer, Functional Proteomics, University Lille 1, IFR-147, 59000 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Jane-Chloé Trone
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, EMR3738, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, 69921 Oullins, France
| | - Gersende Alphonse
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, EMR3738, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, 69921 Oullins, France
| | - Marion Gilormini
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, EMR3738, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, 69921 Oullins, France
| | - Dominique Ardail
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, EMR3738, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, 69921 Oullins, France
| | - Robert-Alain Toillon
- INSERM U908, Growth Factor Signalling in Breast Cancer, Functional Proteomics, University Lille 1, IFR-147, 59000 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Claire Rodriguez-Lafrasse
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, EMR3738, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, 69921 Oullins, France
| | - Nicolas Magné
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, EMR3738, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, 69921 Oullins, France; Department of Radiotherapy, Institut de Cancérologie de la Lucien Neuwirth, St Priest en Jarez, France.
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22
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Rieken S, Simon F, Habermehl D, Dittmar JO, Combs SE, Weber K, Debus J, Lindel K. Photon-induced cell migration and integrin expression promoted by DNA integration of HPV16 genome. Strahlenther Onkol 2014; 190:944-9. [PMID: 24643883 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-014-0649-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent human papilloma virus 16 (HPV16) infections are a major cause of cervical cancer. The integration of the viral DNA into the host genome causes E2 gene disruption which prevents apoptosis and increases host cell motility. In cervical cancer patients, survival is limited by local infiltration and systemic dissemination. Surgical control rates are poor in cases of parametrial infiltration. In these patients, radiotherapy (RT) is administered to enhance local control. However, photon irradiation itself has been reported to increase cell motility. In cases of E2-disrupted cervical cancers, this phenomon would impose an additional risk of enhanced tumor cell motility. Here, we analyze mechanisms underlying photon-increased migration in keratinocytes with differential E2 gene status. METHODS Isogenic W12 (intact E2 gene status) and S12 (disrupted E2 gene status) keratinocytes were analyzed in fibronectin-based and serum-stimulated migration experiments following single photon doses of 0, 2, and 10 Gy. Quantitative FACS analyses of integrin expression were performed. RESULTS Migration and adhesion are increased in E2 gene-disrupted keratinocytes. E2 gene disruption promotes attractability by serum components, therefore, effectuating the risk of local infiltration and systemic dissemination. In S12 cells, migration is further increased by photon RT which leads to enhanced expression of fibronectin receptor integrins. CONCLUSION HPV16-associated E2 gene disruption is a main predictor of treatment-refractory cancer virulence. E2 gene disruption promotes cell motility. Following photon RT, E2-disrupted tumors bear the risk of integrin-related infiltration and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Rieken
- Department of Radiation Therapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany,
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Zaboronok A, Isobe T, Yamamoto T, Sato E, Takada K, Sakae T, Tsurushima H, Matsumura A. Proton beam irradiation stimulates migration and invasion of human U87 malignant glioma cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2014; 55:283-287. [PMID: 24187331 PMCID: PMC3951081 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrt119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Migration and invasion of malignant glioma play a major role in tumor progression and can be increased by low doses of gamma or X-ray irradiation, especially when the migrated tumor cells are located at a distance from the main tumor mass or postoperative cavity and are irradiated in fractions. We studied the influence of proton beam irradiation on migration and invasion of human U87 malignant glioma (U87MG) cells. Irradiation at 4 and 8 Gy increased cell migration by 9.8% (±4, P = 0.032) and 11.6% (±6.6, P = 0.031) and invasion by 45.1% (±16.5, P = 0.04) and 40.5% (±12.7, P = 0.041), respectively. After irradiation at 2 and 16 Gy, cell motility did not differ from that at 0 Gy. We determined that an increase in proton beam irradiation dose to over 16 Gy might provide tumor growth control, although additional specific treatment might be necessary to prevent the potentially increased motility of glioma cells during proton beam therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Zaboronok
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Tomonori Isobe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Eisuke Sato
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Kenta Takada
- Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takeji Sakae
- Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hideo Tsurushima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akira Matsumura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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Huber SM, Butz L, Stegen B, Klumpp D, Braun N, Ruth P, Eckert F. Ionizing radiation, ion transports, and radioresistance of cancer cells. Front Physiol 2013; 4:212. [PMID: 23966948 PMCID: PMC3743404 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard treatment of many tumor entities comprises fractionated radiation therapy which applies ionizing radiation to the tumor-bearing target volume. Ionizing radiation causes double-strand breaks in the DNA backbone that result in cell death if the number of DNA double-strand breaks exceeds the DNA repair capacity of the tumor cell. Ionizing radiation reportedly does not only act on the DNA in the nucleus but also on the plasma membrane. In particular, ionizing radiation-induced modifications of ion channels and transporters have been reported. Importantly, these altered transports seem to contribute to the survival of the irradiated tumor cells. The present review article summarizes our current knowledge on the underlying mechanisms and introduces strategies to radiosensitize tumor cells by targeting plasma membrane ion transports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan M Huber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen Tübingen, Germany
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Vehlow A, Cordes N. Invasion as target for therapy of glioblastoma multiforme. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1836:236-44. [PMID: 23891970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The survival of cancer patients suffering from glioblastoma multiforme is limited to just a few months even after treatment with the most advanced techniques. The indefinable borders of glioblastoma cell infiltration into the surrounding healthy tissue prevent complete surgical removal. In addition, genetic mutations, epigenetic modifications and microenvironmental heterogeneity cause resistance to radio- and chemotherapy altogether resulting in a hardly to overcome therapeutic scenario. Therefore, the development of efficient therapeutic strategies to combat these tumors requires a better knowledge of genetic and proteomic alterations as well as the infiltrative behavior of glioblastoma cells and how this can be targeted. Among many cell surface receptors, members of the integrin family are known to regulate glioblastoma cell invasion in concert with extracellular matrix degrading proteases. While preclinical and early clinical trials suggested specific integrin targeting as a promising therapeutic approach, clinical trials failed to deliver improved cure rates up to now. Little is known about glioblastoma cell motility, but switches in invasion modes and adaption to specific microenvironmental cues as a consequence of treatment may maintain tumor cell resistance to therapy. Thus, understanding the molecular basis of integrin and protease function for glioblastoma cell invasion in the context of radiochemotherapy is a pressing issue and may be beneficial for the design of efficient therapeutic approaches. This review article summarizes the latest findings on integrins and extracellular matrix in glioblastoma and adds some perspective thoughts on how this knowledge might be exploited for optimized multimodal therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Vehlow
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Stahler C, Roth J, Cordes N, Taucher-Scholz G, Mueller-Klieser W. Impact of carbon ion irradiation on epidermal growth factor receptor signaling and glioma cell migration in comparison to conventional photon irradiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2013; 89:454-61. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2013.766769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Kuffler DP. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy: can it prevent irradiation-induced necrosis? Exp Neurol 2012; 235:517-27. [PMID: 22465460 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Radiosurgery is an important non-invasive procedure for the treatment of tumors and vascular malformations. However, in addition to killing target tissues, cranial irradiation induces damage to adjacent healthy tissues leading to neurological deterioration in both pediatric and adult patients, which is poorly understood and insufficiently treatable. To minimize irradiation damage to healthy tissue, not the optimal therapeutic irradiation dose required to eliminate the target lesion is used but lower doses. Although the success rate of irradiation surgery is about 95%, 5% of patients suffer problems, most commonly neurological, that are thought to be a direct consequence of irradiation-induced inflammation. Although no direct correlation has been demonstrated, the appearance and disappearance of inflammation that develops following irradiation commonly parallel the appearance and disappearance of neurological side effects that are associated with the neurological function of the irradiated brain regions. These observations have led to the hypothesis that brain inflammation is causally related to the observed neurological side effects. Studies indicate that hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) applied after the appearance of irradiation-induced neurological side effects reduces the incidence and severity of those side effects. This may result from HBOT reducing inflammation, promoting angiogenesis, and influencing other cellular functions thereby suppressing events that cause the neurological side effects. However, it would be significantly better for the patient if rather than waiting for neurological side effects to become manifest they could be avoided. This review examines irradiation-induced neurological side effects, methods that minimize or resolve those side effects, and concludes with a discussion of whether HBOT applied following irradiation, but before manifestation of neurological side effects may prevent or reduce the appearance of irradiation-induced neurological side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien P Kuffler
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, Puerto Rico.
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