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Wang XH, Yang YN, Li YH, Cheng JL, Yan L, Liang Y, Zeng Q, Zhan T, Wang DW, Yu RH, Wu CM. Oral bacteriome and mycobiome of patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy with different tongue coatings treated with a Chinese herbal formula. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 331:118233. [PMID: 38685365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Moshen Fuyuan Formula (MSFY) is one of the representative Chinese medicine compound for Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN), that originate from Fang Ji Huang Qi decoction in the Han dynasty. IMN is usually accompanied by different tongue coatings in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and tongue microorganisms are important factors affecting the formation of the tongue coating. Recently, oral microbiomes, including bacteria and fungi, have been identified as pivotal factors that contribute to disease development. However, the regulation of oral microbiomes by MSFY has not been defined. AIM OF THE STUDY In this work, we explore the characteristics of oral bacteria and fungi in IMN patients with different tongue coatings, and clarify the therapeutic effect of MSFY based on oral microbiome. MATERIALS AND METHODS We enrolled 24 patients with IMN, including 11 with white tongue (IMN-W) and 13 with yellow tongue (IMN-Y), and recruited an additional 10 healthy individuals. Patients with IMN were treated with the MSFY. The oral bacteriome and fungi before and after treatment were detected using full-length 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer gene sequencing. RESULTS The therapeutic effect of MSFY on patients with yellow tongue coating was more significant than that on patients with white tongue coating. In terms of oral bacteriome, Campylobacter bacteria were enriched in patients with yellow tongue and could be a promising biomarker for yellow coating. Enrichment of Veillonella parvula_A may partially account for the therapeutic effect of MSFY. As for oral fungi, Malassezia globosa was enhanced in patients with IMN-W and reduced in patients with IMN-Y. Notably, it was reduced by MSFY. We also found that mycobiome-bacteriome interactions were highly complex and dynamic in patients with IMN. CONCLUSION The regulation of the dynamic balance between oral fungi and bacteria by MSFY contributes to the treatment of IMN. This study determined the oral bacteriome and mycobiome of patients with IMN with different tongue coatings before and after MSFY treatment, which aids in promoting personalized treatment in clinical TCM and provides direction for investigating the mechanism of Chinese herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hui Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Ya-Nan Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Yi-Han Li
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Jia-Le Cheng
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Lei Yan
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Ying Liang
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Qin Zeng
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Tian Zhan
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Dian-Wen Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital South Campus of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 102611, China.
| | - Ren-Huan Yu
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Chong-Ming Wu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Zhang F, Liu F, Xu X, Su W, Rong Y, Tian FY, Xiao W, Wu Y, Law KP, Wen P. Metabolomic profiling of serum and tongue coating of pregnant women with intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnancy. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 557:117854. [PMID: 38513931 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.117854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is associated with an increased risk of cesarean section and adverse fetal outcomes. Currently, ICP diagnosis depends largely on serum levels of bile acids and lacks sensitivity and specificity for accurate diagnosis. Tongue diagnosis is an important diagnostic tool in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and is used in our clinic as complementary treatment and personalized medicine for ICP. However, the molecular basis of the manifestation of greasy white tongue coatings in ICP remains unknown. In this study, we performed untargeted metabolomic profiling of the serum, tongue coating, and saliva of 66 pregnant women, including 22 with ICP. The metabolomic profiles of the serum and tongue coatings showed marked differences between the two clinical groups. Forty-six differentially abundant metabolites were identified, and their relative concentrations correlated with total bile acid levels. These differential metabolites included bile acids, lipids, microbiota- and diet-related metabolites, and exposomes. Conventional biochemical markers, including serum aminotransferases and bilirubin, were not significantly increased in the ICP group, whereas the total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly increased as early as the first trimester. Our data provide insights into the pathophysiology of ICP and implicate the gut-liver axis and environmental exposure. Tongue coating has the potential to be a non-invasive diagnostic approach. Further studies are required to validate the clinical utility of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Division of Stomatology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Division of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyi Xu
- Institute of Maternal and Child Medicine, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weilan Su
- Division of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Rong
- Institute of Maternal and Child Medicine, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fu-Ying Tian
- Division of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weimin Xiao
- Precision Medical Testing Research Center, Shenzhen Academy of Metrology & Quality Inspection, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen SMQ Group Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Academy of Metrology & Quality Inspection, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yichun Wu
- Precision Medical Testing Research Center, Shenzhen Academy of Metrology & Quality Inspection, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen SMQ Group Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Academy of Metrology & Quality Inspection, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai P Law
- Shenzhen SMQ Group Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Academy of Metrology & Quality Inspection, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ping Wen
- Institute of Maternal and Child Medicine, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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Cao P, Ye J, Su KL, Xu YH, Yang Y, Zhou Q, Gao W, Cai XT, Wei QY, Cao M. Effect of salivary antimicrobial factors on microbial composition of tongue coating in patients with coronary heart disease with phlegm-stasis syndrome. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_34_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Cao P, Ye J, Su KL, Xu YH, Yang Y, Zhou Q, Gao W, Cai XT, Wei QY, Cao M. Effect of salivary antimicrobial factors on microbial composition of tongue coating in patients with coronary heart disease with phlegm-stasis syndrome. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/2311-8571.321974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Ali Mohammed MM, Al Kawas S, Al-Qadhi G. Tongue-coating microbiome as a cancer predictor: A scoping review. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 132:105271. [PMID: 34610507 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The tongue microbiome has emerged as a non-invasive diagnostic and tracking prognostic tool in the detection of diseases mainly cancer. This scoping review aimed to identify the association between tongue microbiome and pre-cancer or cancer lesions. DESIGN A comprehensive electronic database search including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus was undertaken up to March 2021, without language or date restrictions. This review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guideline. All observational studies that compared microbial community on the dorsal surface of the tongue between cancer or precancerous cases and healthy controls using NGS techniques were included. RESULTS Of 274 records identified, nine studies were eligible to be included. Despite the inconsistent observations in terms of diversity and richness, most studies reported alteration in bacterial communities between pre-cancer or cancer cases and control groups. The bacterial profile among cases was so far correlated at the phylum level with a noticeable diverse degree at the genus level. The majority of included studies reported a higher abundance of certain kinds of microorganisms as compared to healthy participants including Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and Actinobacteria at phyla level as well as Streptococcus, Actinomyces, Leptotrichia, Campylobacter, and Fusobacterium at the genus level. CONCLUSION The alteration of the tongue microbial community has been associated with several diseases mainly cancer. So, the tongue microbiome may serve as a promising diagnostic tool or as a long-term monitor in precancerous or cancer cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Mansoor Ali Mohammed
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sausan Al Kawas
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Gamilah Al-Qadhi
- Department of Basic Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology, Yemen.
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Baughman J, Ambrogio J, Motevalli M. Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Depression: A Case Report. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2021; 20:38-43. [PMID: 34803539 PMCID: PMC8594971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A 26-year-old Caucasian woman presented with a two-year history of depression concomitant with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C; constipation subtype, gas/bloating). Past evaluation resulted in a clinical diagnosis of IBS-C in August of 2015. Between August and November of 2015, the patient developed worsening bowel irregularities and persistent depression. The patient opted out of conventional treatment and was referred for nutritional care in November of 2017. Throughout one year of treatment with dietary interventions, Chinese herbal medicine, and targeted nutritional supplementation, the patient gradually reached full remission of all complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshuan Baughman
- Corresponding author: Joshuan Baughman, MS, RH (AHG) (C), CN E-mail address:
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Xu J, Xiang C, Zhang C, Xu B, Wu J, Wang R, Yang Y, Shi L, Zhang J, Zhan Z. Microbial biomarkers of common tongue coatings in patients with gastric cancer. Microb Pathog 2018; 127:97-105. [PMID: 30508628 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aims to explore the characteristic microorganisms of the common tongue coatings in patients with gastric cancer (GC). METHODS A total of 115 GC patients were assigned to four groups: White-thin coating (W-thin) group, White-thick coating (W-thick) group, Yellow-thin coating (Y-thin) group and Yellow-thick coating (Y-thick) group. Thirty-five healthy volunteers with White-thin coating were recruit as controls. High-throughput sequencing was used to describe the microbial community of the tongue coatings based on 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes. Multi-factors statistical analysis was carried out to present the microbial biomarkers of the tongue coating in GC patients. RESULTS At bacterial phylum level, Saccharibacteria had higher relative abundance in W-thick group than W-thin group, Proteobacteria was more abundant in W-thin group than Y-thick group and less abundant in Y-thick group than Y-thin group. At fungal genus level, Guehomyces and Aspergillus presented to be significantly different among the common tongue coatings. Forteen significantly increased taxa were sorted out as the microbial biomarkers of common tongue coatings by LEfSe and ROC analysis. At species level, bacterial Capnocytophaga leadbetteri and fungal Ampelomyces_sp_IRAN_1 may be the potential biomarkers of W-thin coating, four bacterial species (Megasphaera micronuciformis, Selenomonas sputigena ATCC 35185, Acinetobacter ursingii, Prevotella maculosa) may be the potential biomarkers of W-thick coating. In general, the white coatings held more complex commensal relationship than the yellow coatings. CONCLUSION The common tongue coating owned characteristic microorganisms and special commensal relationship in the GC patients.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Bacteria/classification
- Bacteria/genetics
- Cluster Analysis
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Fungal/chemistry
- DNA, Fungal/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Female
- Fungi/classification
- Fungi/genetics
- Humans
- Male
- Microbiota
- Middle Aged
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics
- ROC Curve
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Stomach Neoplasms/microbiology
- Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
- Tongue/microbiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chunjie Xiang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Boqi Xu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Juan Wu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ruiping Wang
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yaping Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Liyun Shi
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Zhen Zhan
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Liu LY, Zhang HJ, Luo LY, Pu JB, Liang WQ, Zhu CQ, Li YP, Wang PR, Zhang YY, Yang CY, Zhang ZJ. Blood and urinary metabolomic evidence validating traditional Chinese medicine diagnostic classification of major depressive disorder. Chin Med 2018; 13:53. [PMID: 30386416 PMCID: PMC6203264 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-018-0211-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly heterogeneous disease. Further classification may characterize its heterogeneity. The purpose of this study was to examine whether metabolomic variables could differentiate traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diagnostic subtypes of MDD. Methods Fifty medication-free patients who were experiencing a recurrent depressive episode were classified into Liver Qi Stagnation (LQS, n = 30) and Heart and Spleen Deficiency (HSD, n = 20) subtypes according to TCM diagnosis. Healthy volunteers (n = 28) were included as controls. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used to examine serum and urinary metabolomic profiles. Results Twenty-eight metabolites were identified for good separations between TCM subtypes and healthy controls in serum samples. Both TCM subtypes had similar profiles in proteinogenic branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) (valine, leucine, and isoleucine) and energy metabolism-related metabolites that were differentiated from healthy controls. The LQS subtype additionally differed from healthy controls in multiple amino acid metabolites that are involved in biosynthesis of monoamine and amino acid neurotransmitters, including phenylalanine, 3-hydroxybutric acid, o-tyrosine, glycine, l-tryptophan, and N-acetyl-l-aspartic acid. Threonic acid, methionine, stearic acid, and isobutyric acid are differentially associated with the two subtypes. Conclusions While both TCM subtypes are associated with aberrant BCAA and energy metabolism, the LQS subtype may represent an MDD subpopulation characterized by abnormalities in the biosynthesis of monoamine and amino acid neurotransmitters and closer associations with stress-related pathophysiology. The metabolites differentially associated with the two subtypes are promising biomarkers for predicting TCM subtype-specific antidepressant response [registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02346682) on January 27, 2015]. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13020-018-0211-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Ying Liu
- 1Department of Psychiatry, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012 Zhejiang China
| | - Hong-Jian Zhang
- 2Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310007 Zhejiang China
| | - Li-Yuan Luo
- 1Department of Psychiatry, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012 Zhejiang China
| | - Jin-Bao Pu
- 2Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310007 Zhejiang China
| | - Wei-Qing Liang
- 2Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310007 Zhejiang China
| | - Chun-Qin Zhu
- 1Department of Psychiatry, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012 Zhejiang China
| | - Ya-Ping Li
- 3Department of Internal Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012 Zhejiang China
| | - Pei-Rong Wang
- 1Department of Psychiatry, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012 Zhejiang China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- 1Department of Psychiatry, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012 Zhejiang China
| | - Chun-Yu Yang
- 1Department of Psychiatry, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012 Zhejiang China
| | - Zhang-Jin Zhang
- 4School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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Zhao Y, Mao YF, Tang YS, Ni MZ, Liu QH, Wang Y, Feng Q, Peng JH, Hu YY. Altered oral microbiota in chronic hepatitis B patients with different tongue coatings. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:3448-3461. [PMID: 30122883 PMCID: PMC6092577 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i30.3448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To elucidate tongue coating microbiota and metabolic differences in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with yellow or white tongue coatings.
METHODS Tongue coating samples were collected from 53 CHB patients (28 CHB yellow tongue coating patients and 25 CHB white tongue coating patients) and 22 healthy controls. Microbial DNA was extracted from the tongue samples, and the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene V3 region was amplified from all samples and sequenced with the Ion Torrent PGM™ sequencing platform according to the standard protocols. The metabolites in the tongue coatings were evaluated using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) platform. Statistical analyses were then performed.
RESULTS The relative compositions of the tongue coating microbiotas and metabolites in the CHB patients were significantly different from those of the healthy controls, but the tongue coating microbiota abundances and diversity levels were not significantly different. Compared with the CHB white tongue coating patients, the CHB yellow tongue coating patients had higher hepatitis B viral DNA (HBV-DNA) titers (median 21210 vs 500, respectively, P = 0.03) and a significantly lower level of Bacteroidetes (20.14% vs 27.93%, respectively, P = 0.013) and higher level of Proteobacteria (25.99% vs 18.17%, respectively, P = 0.045) in the microbial compositions at the phylum level. The inferred metagenomic pathways enriched in the CHB yellow tongue coating patients were mainly those involved in amino acid metabolism, which was consistent with the metabolic disorder. The abundances of bacteria from Bacteroidales at the order level were higher in the CHB white tongue coating patients (19.2% vs 27.22%, respectively, P = 0.011), whereas Neisseriales were enriched in the yellow tongue coating patients (21.85% vs 13.83%, respectively, P = 0.029). At the family level, the abundance of Neisseriaceae in the yellow tongue patients was positively correlated with the HBV-DNA level but negatively correlated with the S-adenosyl-L-methionine level.
CONCLUSION This research illustrates specific clinical features and bacterial structures in CHB patients with different tongue coatings, which facilitates understanding of the traditional tongue diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu-Feng Mao
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi-Shuang Tang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ming-Zhu Ni
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qiao-Hong Liu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qin Feng
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing-Hua Peng
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi-Yang Hu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Seerangaiyan K, Jüch F, Winkel EG. Tongue coating: its characteristics and role in intra-oral halitosis and general health—a review. J Breath Res 2018; 12:034001. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aaa3a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Sun S, Wei H, Zhu R, Pang B, Jia S, Liu G, Hua B. Biology of the Tongue Coating and Its Value in Disease Diagnosis. Complement Med Res 2017; 25:191-197. [PMID: 28957816 DOI: 10.1159/000479024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Tongue diagnosis is one of the most important diagnostic tools in traditional Chinese medicine and has been verified for thousands of years. However, its subjectivity and repeatability has been disputed continuously. The tongue coating as the primary coverage of tongue diagnosis provides more objectivity and reproducibility due to its relatively clear molecular basis; it also has a close relationship with many system diseases and may be used as a potentially valuable disease diagnostic tool. This article describes the material basis of the tongue coating, including its biology (epithelial cells, blood cells, vascular endothelial cells, and bacteria) and its metabolites; moreover, we summarize the diseases that are most correlated with the tongue coating. This will be valuable not only for fundamental research of tongue diagnosis but also for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of disease. We suppose that the tongue coating could serve as a valuable auxiliary diagnosis tool in many diseases, and more research should focus on how to colligate the various information about the tongue and provide useful information for disease diagnosis.
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Evaluation of the Bacterial Diversity in the Human Tongue Coating Based on Genus-Specific Primers for 16S rRNA Sequencing. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:8184160. [PMID: 28904972 PMCID: PMC5585543 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8184160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of tongue coating are very important symbols for disease diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory. As a habitat of oral microbiota, bacteria on the tongue dorsum have been proved to be the cause of many oral diseases. The high-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms have been widely applied in the analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA gene. We developed a methodology based on genus-specific multiprimer amplification and ligation-based sequencing for microbiota analysis. In order to validate the efficiency of the approach, we thoroughly analyzed six tongue coating samples from lung cancer patients with different TCM types, and more than 600 genera of bacteria were detected by this platform. The results showed that ligation-based parallel sequencing combined with enzyme digestion and multiamplification could expand the effective length of sequencing reads and could be applied in the microbiota analysis.
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Management of viral oral ulcers in children using Chinese herbal medicine: A report of two cases. Complement Ther Med 2017; 32:61-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Ye J, Cai X, Yang J, Sun X, Hu C, Xia J, Shen J, Su K, Yan H, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Yang L, Zhi H, Gao SP, Yu Q, Hu J, Cao P. Bacillus as a potential diagnostic marker for yellow tongue coating. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32496. [PMID: 27578261 PMCID: PMC5006162 DOI: 10.1038/srep32496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Observation of tongue coating, a foundation for clinical diagnosis and treatment in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is a major indicator of the occurrence, development, and prognosis of disease. The biological basis of tongue diagnosis and relationship between the types and microorganisms of tongue coating remain elusive. Thirteen chronic erosive gastritis (CEG) patients with typical yellow tongue coating (YTC) and ten healthy volunteers with thin white tongue coating (WTC) were included in this study. Patients were provided a 2-course targeted treatment of a herbal medicine Ban Xia Xie Xin decoction, traditionally prescribed for CEG patients with YTC, to evaluate the relationship between tongue coating microbiota and diagnosis of CEG with typical YTC. The tongue coating segregation structure was determined using Illumina Miseq sequencing of the V4-V5 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Bacillus was significantly observed only in CEG patients with YTC, but not in patients who received the decoction. YTC (n = 22) and WTC (n = 29) samples were collected for bacterial culturing to illustrate the relationship between Bacillus and YTC. The Bacillus positivity rate of YTC samples was 72.7%; Bacillus was not observed in WTC samples. In conclusion, Bacillus was strongly associated with YTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ye
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Xueting Cai
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Chunping Hu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Junquan Xia
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Jianping Shen
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Kelei Su
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Huaijiang Yan
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Yuehua Xu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Yiyan Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Sujie Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Hao Zhi
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Sizhi Paul Gao
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York 10065, USA
| | - Qiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jingqing Hu
- Institute of Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
- Institute of Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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Tongue images and tongue coating microbiome in patients with colorectal cancer. Microb Pathog 2014; 77:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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