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Hicks C, Gardner J, Eiger DS, Camarda ND, Pham U, Dhar S, Rodriguez H, Chundi A, Rajagopal S. ACKR3 Proximity Labeling Identifies Novel G protein- and β-arrestin-independent GPCR Interacting Proteins. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.27.577545. [PMID: 38410489 PMCID: PMC10896341 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.27.577545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The canonical paradigm of GPCR signaling recognizes G proteins and β-arrestins as the two primary transducers that promote GPCR signaling. Recent evidence suggests the atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3) does not couple to G proteins, and β-arrestins are dispensable for some of its functions. Here, we employed proximity labeling to identify proteins that interact with ACKR3 in cells devoid of β-arrestin. We identified proteins involved in the endocytic machinery and evaluated a subset of proteins conserved across several GPCR-based proximity labeling experiments. We discovered that the bone morphogenic protein 2-inducible kinase (BMP2K) interacts with many different GPCRs with varying dependency on β-arrestin. Together, our work highlights the existence of modulators that can act independently of G proteins and β-arrestins to regulate GPCR signaling and provides important evidence for other targets that may regulate GPCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Hicks
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Julia Gardner
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dylan Scott Eiger
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Nicholas D. Camarda
- Genetics, Molecular, and Cellular Biology Program, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Uyen Pham
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Saisha Dhar
- Trinity College, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | | | - Anand Chundi
- Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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Gelis L, Jovancevic N, Veitinger S, Mandal B, Arndt HD, Neuhaus EM, Hatt H. Functional Characterization of the Odorant Receptor 51E2 in Human Melanocytes. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:17772-86. [PMID: 27226631 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.734517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory receptors, which belong to the family of G-protein-coupled receptors, are found to be ectopically expressed in non-sensory tissues mediating a variety of cellular functions. In this study we detected the olfactory receptor OR51E2 at the transcript and the protein level in human epidermal melanocytes. Stimulation of primary melanocytes with the OR51E2 ligand β-ionone significantly inhibited melanocyte proliferation. Our results further showed that β-ionone stimulates melanogenesis and dendritogenesis. Using RNA silencing and receptor antagonists, we demonstrated that OR51E2 activation elevated cytosolic Ca(2+) and cAMP, which could mediate the observed increase in melanin synthesis. Co-immunocytochemical stainings using a specific OR51E2 antibody revealed subcellular localization of the receptor in early endosomes associated with EEA-1 (early endosome antigen 1). Plasma membrane preparations showed that OR51E2 protein is present at the melanocyte cell surface. Our findings thus suggest that activation of olfactory receptor signaling by external compounds can influence melanocyte homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Gelis
- From the Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany,
| | - Nikolina Jovancevic
- From the Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Sophie Veitinger
- From the Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Bhubaneswar Mandal
- Organic Chemistry I, Friedrich Schiller University, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany. and
| | - Hans-Dieter Arndt
- Organic Chemistry I, Friedrich Schiller University, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany. and
| | - Eva M Neuhaus
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Jena, Drackendorfer Strasse 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Hanns Hatt
- From the Cell Physiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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Abstract
Communication between cells in a multicellular organism occurs by the production of ligands (proteins, peptides, fatty acids, steroids, gases, and other low-molecular-weight compounds) that are either secreted by cells or presented on their surface, and act on receptors on, or in, other target cells. Such signals control cell growth, migration, survival, and differentiation. Signaling receptors can be single-span plasma membrane receptors associated with tyrosine or serine/threonine kinase activities, proteins with seven transmembrane domains, or intracellular receptors. Ligand-activated receptors convey signals into the cell by activating signaling pathways that ultimately affect cytosolic machineries or nuclear transcriptional programs or by directly translocating to the nucleus to regulate transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Benson Lu
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Gene Expression Laboratory, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Ron Evans
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Gene Expression Laboratory, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4340
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Abstract
A multitude of physiological processes regulated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) signaling are accomplished by the participation of active rearrangements of the cytoskeleton. In general, it is common that a cross talk occurs among networks of microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments in order to reach specific cell responses. In particular, actin-cytoskeleton dynamics regulate processes such as cell shape, cell division, cell motility, and cell polarization, among others. This chapter describes the current knowledge about the regulation of actin-cytoskeleton dynamic by diverse GPCR signaling pathways, and also includes some protocols combining immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy for the visualization of the different rearrangements of the actin-cytoskeleton. We report how both the S1P-GPCR/G12/13/Rho/ROCK and glucagon-GPCR/Gs/cAMP axes induce differential actin-cytoskeleton rearrangements in epithelial cells. We also show that specific actin-binding molecules, like phalloidin and LifeAct, are very useful to analyze F-actin reorganization by confocal microscopy, and also that both molecules show similar results in fixed cells, whereas the anti-actin antibody is useful to detect both the G- and F-actin, as well as their compartmentalization. Thus, it is highly recommended to utilize different approaches to investigate the regulation of actin dynamics by GPCR signaling, with the aim to get a better picture of the phenomenon under study.
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Romero-Pozuelo J, Dason JS, Mansilla A, Baños-Mateos S, Sardina JL, Chaves-Sanjuán A, Jurado-Gómez J, Santana E, Atwood HL, Hernández-Hernández Á, Sánchez-Barrena MJ, Ferrús A. The guanine-exchange factor Ric8a binds to the Ca²⁺ sensor NCS-1 to regulate synapse number and neurotransmitter release. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:4246-59. [PMID: 25074811 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.152603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The conserved Ca(2+)-binding protein Frequenin (homolog of the mammalian NCS-1, neural calcium sensor) is involved in pathologies that result from abnormal synapse number and probability of neurotransmitter release per synapse. Both synaptic features are likely to be co-regulated but the intervening mechanisms remain poorly understood. We show here that Drosophila Ric8a (a homolog of mammalian synembryn, which is also known as Ric8a), a receptor-independent activator of G protein complexes, binds to Frq2 but not to the virtually identical homolog Frq1. Based on crystallographic data on Frq2 and site-directed mutagenesis on Frq1, the differential amino acids R94 and T138 account for this specificity. Human NCS-1 and Ric8a reproduce the binding and maintain the structural requirements at these key positions. Drosophila Ric8a and Gαs regulate synapse number and neurotransmitter release, and both are functionally linked to Frq2. Frq2 negatively regulates Ric8a to control synapse number. However, the regulation of neurotransmitter release by Ric8a is independent of Frq2 binding. Thus, the antagonistic regulation of these two synaptic properties shares a common pathway, Frq2-Ric8a-Gαs, which diverges downstream. These mechanisms expose the Frq2-Ric8a interacting surface as a potential pharmacological target for NCS-1-related diseases and provide key data towards the corresponding drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Romero-Pozuelo
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Institute Cajal, CSIC, Avenida Dr. Arce 37, Madrid 28002, Spain
| | - Jeffrey S Dason
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Alicia Mansilla
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Institute Cajal, CSIC, Avenida Dr. Arce 37, Madrid 28002, Spain
| | - Soledad Baños-Mateos
- Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Institute of Physical-Chemistry 'Rocasolano', CSIC, Serrano 119, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - José L Sardina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Antonio Chaves-Sanjuán
- Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Institute of Physical-Chemistry 'Rocasolano', CSIC, Serrano 119, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Jaime Jurado-Gómez
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Institute Cajal, CSIC, Avenida Dr. Arce 37, Madrid 28002, Spain
| | - Elena Santana
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Institute Cajal, CSIC, Avenida Dr. Arce 37, Madrid 28002, Spain
| | - Harold L Atwood
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ángel Hernández-Hernández
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Institute Cajal, CSIC, Avenida Dr. Arce 37, Madrid 28002, Spain Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain Institute for Biomedical Research (IBSAL), Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - María-José Sánchez-Barrena
- Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Institute of Physical-Chemistry 'Rocasolano', CSIC, Serrano 119, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Alberto Ferrús
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Institute Cajal, CSIC, Avenida Dr. Arce 37, Madrid 28002, Spain
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SRC-mediated phosphorylation of dynamin and cortactin regulates the "constitutive" endocytosis of transferrin. Mol Cell Biol 2009; 30:781-92. [PMID: 19995918 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00330-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which epithelial cells regulate clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) of transferrin are poorly defined and generally viewed as a constitutive process that occurs continuously without regulatory constraints. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that endocytosis of the transferrin receptor is a regulated process that requires activated Src kinase and, subsequently, phosphorylation of two important components of the endocytic machinery, namely, the large GTPase dynamin 2 (Dyn2) and its associated actin-binding protein, cortactin (Cort). To our knowledge these findings are among the first to implicate an Src-mediated endocytic cascade in what was previously presumed to be a nonregulated internalization process.
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Sheach LA, Adeney EM, Kucukmetin A, Wilkinson SJ, Fisher AD, Elattar A, Robson CN, Edmondson RJ. Androgen-related expression of G-proteins in ovarian cancer. Br J Cancer 2009; 101:498-503. [PMID: 19623182 PMCID: PMC2720237 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological and in vitro data implicate androgens in the aetiology of ovarian cancer, but the mechanisms by which this is mediated are unclear. In this study, we wished to examine the effects of androgens on gene expression in ovarian cancer. METHODS The expression of androgen receptor (AR) in OVCAR3 and OSEC2 cells was confirmed using immunoblotting and response to androgens was measured using flow cytometric assessment of S-phase fraction. The differential gene expression between androgen stimulated and unstimulated OVCAR3 ovarian cancer cells was examined with a cDNA microarray. The upregulation of a subset of these genes was then confirmed with reverse transcriptase PCR in both OVCAR3 and OSEC2, an ovarian epithelial cell line. Finally, the clinical significance of this upregulation was investigated by examining the expression of Rab25 and Rab35, two G-protein-related molecules in an ovarian cancer tissue microarray (TMA). RESULTS OVCAR3 and OSEC2 cells were shown to express the AR and showed an increase in S-phase fraction in response to androgen treatment. Treatment of OVCAR3 cells with androgen resulted in a significant upregulation of 121 genes. These findings were confirmed for a subset of seven monomeric G-protein-related genes in both OVCAR3 and OSEC2 cells. After staining for Rab25 and Rab35, the majority of TMA sections examined showed expression for Rab25 (92%) and Rab35 (95%). The expression of Rab25 correlated with histological grade, and expression was higher in endometrioid (median histoscore 10.5) than serous (7.5) or mucinous (5.3) tumours. The expression of Rab25 correlated positively with AR expression supporting its role as an androgen responsive gene in ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that androgens can effect expression of the oncogenic GTPases in ovarian cancer. We propose that the androgen responsive Rab35 may have clinical importance as a biomarker of AR function.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Sheach
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
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Unraveling the molecular mechanisms of alcohol dependence. Trends Genet 2009; 25:49-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2008.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2007] [Revised: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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