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Tong T, Su D, Yang Q, Yang K, Liu Y, Wang Q, Tian T. Multiple high-risk HPV infections probably associated with a higher risk of low-grade cytological abnormalities but not with high-grade intraepithelial lesions of the cervix. World J Surg Oncol 2024; 22:79. [PMID: 38486308 PMCID: PMC10938671 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-024-03360-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For women diagnosed with HR-HPV DNA positivity in community hospitals, the necessity of investigating the potential presence of multiple HR-HPV infections upon referral to tertiary medical institutions remains unclear. METHODS In our cohort, women tested positive for HR-HPV DNA during examinations in community hospitals, were subsequently referred to tertiary medical facilities, reevaluated HR-HPV genotype and categorized based on cytological and histopathological results. The risk of cytologic/histopathology abnormalities and ≧ high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(HSIL) or Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) 2 associated with individual genotypes and related multiple HPV infections are calculated. RESULTS A total of 1677 women aged between 21 and 77 were finally included in the present study. The cytology group included 1202 women and the histopathological group included 475 women with at least one HR-HPV infection of any genotype. We only observed a higher risk of low grade cytological abnormalities in women with multiple infections than those in corresponding single infections (for all population with an OR of 1.85[1.39-2.46]; p < 0.05). However, this phenomenon was not observed in histopathology abnormalities (CIN1). The risk of developing of ≥ HSIL/CIN2 in women who were infected with multiple HR-HPV also showed a similar profile to those with a single HR-HPV genotype. CONCLUSION Multiple HR-HPV infections is only associated with a higher associated risk of low grade cytological abnormalities. There is no evidence of clinical benefit to identify the possible presence of multiple HR-HPV infection frequently in a short period of time for women with HR-HPV-DNA positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Tong
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Di Su
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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2
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Akbari E, Milani A, Seyedinkhorasani M, Bolhassani A. HPV co-infections with other pathogens in cancer development: A comprehensive review. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29236. [PMID: 37997472 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) cause various malignancies in the anogenital and oropharyngeal regions. About 70% of cervical and oropharyngeal cancers are caused by HPV types 16 and 18. Notably, some viruses including herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and human immunodeficiency virus along with various bacteria often interact with HPV, potentially impacting its replication, persistence, and cancer progression. Thus, HPV infection can be significantly influenced by co-infecting agents that influence infection dynamics and disease progression. Bacterial co-infections (e.g., Chlamydia trachomatis) along with bacterial vaginosis-related species also interact with HPV in genital tract leading to viral persistence and disease outcomes. Co-infections involving HPV and diverse infectious agents have significant implications for disease transmission and clinical progression. This review explores multiple facets of HPV infection encompassing the co-infection dynamics with other pathogens, interaction with the human microbiome, and its role in disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Akbari
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Milani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Lu Z, Zhao P, Lu H, Xiao M. Analyses of human papillomavirus, Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and co-infections in a gynecology outpatient clinic in Haikou area, China. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:117. [PMID: 36944923 PMCID: PMC10029165 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to study the infection rates of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), and co-infections with human papillomavirus (HPV) in a hospital gynecology outpatient clinic in the Haikou region in 2021. METHODS From January to December 2021, the Women and Children Medical Center of Hainan Province collected 2389 samples of cervical exfoliated cells and vaginal swab specimens from gynecologic outpatients. The samples were then analyzed descriptively for data, and the detection rate of each pathogen was tallied. All vaginal swabs were obtained for CT, UU, and NG DNA testing, and cervical exfoliated cells for HPV genotyping. Analyses were performed on the detection rate of each group. RESULTS In 2389 samples, the frequencies of pathogen identification among the 2389 samples were as follows: UU (58.43%); HPV (17.29%); CT (7.99%); and NG (0.38%). HPV, CT, UU, and NG were detected in 33.33%, 22.55%, 77.45%, and 2.94% of individuals between 15 and 20 years of age, respectively. The detection rates of CT, UU, and NG were substantially greater in the HPV-positive group than the the HPV-negative group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Among gynecologic outpatients at a hospital in the Haikou area, the probability of mixed infections with genital tract pathogens in HPV-positive patients was higher compared to HPV-negative patients. Reproductive tract infections are becoming more prevalent in younger people, hence adolescent sexual health education needs improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Lu
- Clinical Laboratory, Women and Children's Health Care Center of Hainan, 75 Longkun Nan Road, Haikou City, 570100, Hainan Province, China
| | - Peizhen Zhao
- Clinical Laboratory, Women and Children's Health Care Center of Hainan, 75 Longkun Nan Road, Haikou City, 570100, Hainan Province, China
| | - Huijun Lu
- Clinical Laboratory, Women and Children's Health Care Center of Hainan, 75 Longkun Nan Road, Haikou City, 570100, Hainan Province, China
| | - Meifang Xiao
- Clinical Laboratory, Women and Children's Health Care Center of Hainan, 75 Longkun Nan Road, Haikou City, 570100, Hainan Province, China.
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4
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Mangieri LFL, Cezar-dos-Santos F, Trugilo KP, Watanabe MAE, de Jaime Curti RR, Castilha EP, Moretto SL, Fernandes CYM, de Oliveira JN, de Oliveira KB. Cross-Sectional Analysis of Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cytological Abnormalities in Brazilian Women. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12010148. [PMID: 36678496 PMCID: PMC9863329 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of infections and cytological abnormalities and to investigate possible predisposing factors such as sociodemographic characteristics, sexual behavioral habits, and gynecological and obstetric backgrounds. Between 2013 and December 2016, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 429 consenting women, from whom cervical samples were tested for the presence of Human papillomavirus (HPV) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Susceptibility to HPV infection was assessed by binary logistic regression in light of possible predisposing factors, which were collected using a questionnaire. In our sample population, the prevalence of HPV infection was 49%; high-risk types had a higher prevalence of 89.1%. A larger proportion of HPV-infected women were under 25 years of age, were single, and had monthly incomes up to minimum wage. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that age younger than 25 years increased the odds of infection fivefold, while a monthly income of one to three minimum wages provided protection against HPV infection, even if the women were married or had a cohabiting partner. In the HPV-positive group, squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) occurred more frequently in women who earned up to one minimum wage monthly, but a monthly income of one to three minimum wages protected against the development of SIL. The results suggest that age, marital status, and monthly income are important cofactors for HPV infection and the development of SIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fernando Lasaro Mangieri
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Fernando Cezar-dos-Santos
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Kleber Paiva Trugilo
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria Angelica Ehara Watanabe
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Roberta de Jaime Curti
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Eliza Pizarro Castilha
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Sarah Lott Moretto
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Janaina Nicolau de Oliveira
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Karen Brajão de Oliveira
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-43-3371-5629
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Yu X, Xu Q, Chen W, Mai Z, Mo L, Su X, Ou J, Lan Y, Zheng H, Xue Y. Rhein inhibits Chlamydia trachomatis infection by regulating pathogen-host cell. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1002029. [PMID: 36238249 PMCID: PMC9552556 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1002029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The global incidence of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection increased rapidly as the primary available treatment of C. trachomatis infection being the use of antibiotics. However, the development of antibiotics resistant stain and other treatment failures are often observed in patients. Consequently, novel therapeutics are urgently required. Rhein is a monomer derivative of anthraquinone compounds with an anti-infection activity. This study investigated the effects of rhein on treating C. trachomatis infection. Rhein showed significant inhibitory effects on the growth of C. trachomatis in multiple serovars of C. trachomatis, including D, E, F and L1, and in various host cells, including HeLa, McCoy and Vero. Rhein could not directly inactivate C. trachomatis but could inhibit the growth of C. trachomatis by regulating pathogen-host cell interactions. Combined with azithromycin, the inhibitory effect of rehin was synergistic both in vitro and in vivo. Together these findings suggest that rhein could be developed for the treatment of C. trachomatis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingqing Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wentao Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Sexually Transmitted Diseases Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhida Mai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Mo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangli Ou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinyuan Lan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heping Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Sexually Transmitted Diseases Control, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Heping Zheng
| | - Yaohua Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Sexually Transmitted Diseases Control, Guangzhou, China,Yaohua Xue
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Incident Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in a High School Population. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11091363. [PMID: 36138842 PMCID: PMC9495774 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary After a pathogen that causes disease has been introduced in a human population, an understanding of that disease in the population depends on knowing how many people in the population have the disease (prevalence), how fast the disease spreads from one person to another within the population (incidence), and how long the disease remains in an individual once acquired (duration). Infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis are the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infections in the world. Individuals younger than 25 are the most affected due to the patterns of their sexual activity. In most individuals, these infections do not produce symptoms. Thus, affected individuals usually are not prompted to seek care, and most cases can only be detected through screening. Screenings for chlamydia in United States schools have given an indication of how many adolescents in the population might have chlamydia. In this study, we assessed how quickly chlamydia is acquired within the adolescent population. We determined that 14–19-year-old adolescents are acquiring chlamydia at a pace of 6.6 cases per 100 person-years for boys and 11.9 cases per 100 person-years for girls. Male and female students are acquiring chlamydia within 10 and within 7 months, respectively. Abstract Prospective cohort studies of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are logistically impractical owing to time and expenses. In schools, students are readily available for school-related follow-ups and monitoring. Capitalizing on the logistics that society already commits to ensure regular attendance of adolescents in school, a school-based STI screening in New Orleans made it possible to naturally observe the occurrence of chlamydia and to determine its incidence among 14–19-year-old adolescents. Among participants screened repeatedly, we calculated incidence rates, cumulative incidence, and incidence times. Male (n = 3820) and female (n = 3501) students were observed for 6251 and 5143 person-years, respectively, during which 415 boys and 610 girls acquired chlamydia. Incidence rates per 100 person-years were 6.6 cases for boys and 11.9 cases for girls. In multivariable analysis, the adjusted hazard ratio was 5.34 for boys and 3.68 for girls if the student tested positive for gonorrhea during follow-up, and 2.76 for boys and 1.59 for girls if at first participation the student tested positive for chlamydia, and it increased with age among boys but not among girls. In joinpoint trend analysis, the annual percentage change in the incidence rate was 6.6% for boys (95% CI: −1.2%, 15.1%) and 0.1% for girls (95% CI: −5.3%, 5.7%). Annual cumulative incidence was 5.5% among boys and 8.6% among girls. Median incidence time was 9.7 months for boys and 6.9 months for girls. Our findings can be used to refine assumptions in mathematical modeling and in cost analysis studies of C. trachomatis infection, and provide strong evidence in support of annual chlamydia screening for adolescent boys.
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A literature review on correlation between HPV coinfection with C. trachomatis in cervical neoplasia - coinfection mediated cellular transformation. Microb Pathog 2022; 168:105587. [PMID: 35588965 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cause of mortality worldwide. Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (hrHPV) is a known significant risk factor in cervical neoplasia development (CN). Though HPV contributes to carcinogenesis, other factors fabricate an ideal niche for HPV persistent especially, coinfection with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) which has been linked to CN development. CT infection is associated with inflammation, cell proliferation, EMT transition and anti-apoptotic processes. To better understand the correlation between HPV-CT coinfection in CN development, a literature review was conducted on the prevalence of HPV-CT coinfection focusing on the role of infection-induced inflammation as HPV-CT coinfection creates an environment for cellular transformation, activates an innate immune response and triggers EMT transition. Moreover, inflammation plays a crucial role in developing neoplasia as there is a decrease in effector cells and a change in the expression of players like ROS and miRs. The CT infection induces chronic inflammation followed by cervical epithelial cell damage and increases susceptibility to HPV infection which may lead to cellular transformation. The literature search was performed based on a comprehensive investigation of publications in the PubMed journal database and Scopus development of CN. We have reviewed the prevalence of HPV-CT infection and the factors increasing the risk of developing CN.
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Chen H, Wang L, Zhao L, Luo L, Min S, Wen Y, Lei W, Shu M, Li Z. Alterations of Vaginal Microbiota in Women With Infertility and Chlamydia trachomatis Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:698840. [PMID: 34414130 PMCID: PMC8370387 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.698840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) is the most common etiological agent of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide and causes serious health sequelae such as cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and even infertility if ascending from the lower to the upper female genital tract. Previous studies have revealed the pivotal role of vaginal microbiota in susceptibility to STIs. However, alterations in the vaginal microbiota in women who are infertile and infected with C. trachomatis remain unknown. This study used metagenomic analysis of sequenced 16S rRNA gene amplicons to examine the vaginal microbial profiles of women with tubal infertility who were C. trachomatis-negative and those who were C. trachomatis-positive pre- and post-antibiotic treatment. Women who were C. trachomatis-negative and deemed healthy were recruited as references of eubiosis and dysbiosis. Women with tubal infertility and C. trachomatis infection presented a unique Lactobacillus iners-dominated vaginal microbiota rather than one dominated by Lactobacillus crispatus and displayed a decrease in Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterobacter, Atopobium, and Streptococcus, accompanied by decreased levels of cytokines such as interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-10. This altered vaginal microbiota could be restored with varying degrees after standard treatment for C. trachomatis. This shift could be a predictive vaginal microbiota signature for C. trachomatis infection among females with tubal infertility, while no significant differences in phylum, class, and operational taxonomic unit (OTU) levels were observed between women with tubal infertility who were C. trachomatis-negative and healthy controls. This is the first study to provide data on the association of vaginal microbiota with C. trachomatis infection among women with tubal infertility and highlights unprecedented potential opportunities to predict C. trachomatis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Chen
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Chenzhou No.1 People's Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Chenzhou No.1 People's Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Lanhua Zhao
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lipei Luo
- Chenzhou No.1 People's Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Shuling Min
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Chenzhou No.1 People's Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Yating Wen
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wenbo Lei
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Mingyi Shu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Escarcega-Tame MA, López-Hurtado M, Escobedo-Guerra MR, Reyes-Maldonado E, Castro-Escarpulli G, Guerra-Infante FM. Co-infection between genotypes of the human papillomavirus and Chlamydia trachomatis in Mexican women. Int J STD AIDS 2020; 31:1255-1262. [PMID: 32998641 DOI: 10.1177/0956462420947587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Not all human papillomavirus (HPV) infections develop into cervical cancer (CC), so it is proposed that other factors may influence this, such as co-infection with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT). To identify the prevalence of co-infection, we included 189 women with suspicion of HPV. Viral typing was performed by carrying out the Roche HP Linear Array test, while CT detection was performed with the COBAS® TaqMan® 48 kit from Roche. Of the 189 women only 184 had an infection with HPV, CT or both: 56.6% were positive for one or several HPV genotypes, and 67.7% for CT. Clinical data showed an association between HPV and CIN I (n = 22; RR = 2.43; 95% CI 1.72-3.43, p < 0.05). CT infection was only associated with cervicitis (n = 40; RR = 1.73; 95% CI 1.34-2.23, p < 0.05). The CT-HPV co-infection rate was 28%. Co-infection revealed an association with CIN I (n = 31, RR= 3.33; 95% CI 2.08-5.34 p < 0.05), CIN III (n = 7; RR = 2.57; 95% CI 1.53-4.31, p < 0.05); and a significant risk of 2.3 (95% CI 1.08-4.90) times higher to develop CC; nevertheless, this risk was not statistically significant. CT/HPV co-infection was associated with the development of a high-grade lesion (CIN III) as well as an important risk for developing CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Escarcega-Tame
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Infectología del Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Colonia Lomas de los Virreyes, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica y Ambiental, Departamento de Microbiología de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marcela López-Hurtado
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Infectología del Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Colonia Lomas de los Virreyes, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marcos R Escobedo-Guerra
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Infectología del Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Colonia Lomas de los Virreyes, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Elba Reyes-Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Citología, Departamento de Morfología de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Graciela Castro-Escarpulli
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica y Ambiental, Departamento de Microbiología de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Fernando M Guerra-Infante
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Infectología del Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Colonia Lomas de los Virreyes, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Microbiologia Veterinaria, Departamento de Microbiología de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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10
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Khan AA, A Abuderman A, Ashraf MT, Khan Z. Protein-protein interactions of HPV- Chlamydia trachomatis-human and their potential in cervical cancer. Future Microbiol 2020; 15:509-520. [PMID: 32476479 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: HPV is an important cause of cervical cancer, but Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is suspiciously involved in this disease ranging from direct to its involvement as a cofactor with HPV. We performed this study to understand the interaction of HPV and C. trachomatis with humans and its contribution to cervical cancer. Materials & methods: Host-pathogen and pathogen-pathogen protein-protein interaction maps of HPV/CT/human were prepared and compared to analyze interactions during single/coinfection of C. trachomatis and HPV. The interacting human proteins were detected by their involvement in cervical cancer. Results: C. trachomatis may interact with several cancer associated proteins while HPV and C. trachomatis largely interact with different human proteins, suggesting different pathogenesis. Conclusion: C. trachomatis coinfection with HPV may modulate cervical cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Arif Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, PO Box 2457, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulwahab A Abuderman
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Tashfeen Ashraf
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Gautam Budh Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201312, India
| | - Zakir Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Baverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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Moharreri M, Sohrabi A. Characteristics of HSV-2, M. genitalium and C. trachomatis in HPV Genotypes Associated with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Genital Infections. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:112-118. [PMID: 31889502 DOI: 10.2174/1871526520666191231142317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is the most common cancer in women. High-Risk HPV types are known as the main agents involved in genital and cervical malignancies. There may be co pathogens like STIs that are involved in enhancing the susceptibility and progression to cervical neoplasia. This study was conducted to detect C. trachomatis, HSV-2 and M. genitalium using qPCR in women suffering from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, HPV infection and non cancerous- non HPV subjects for the association of burden of genital disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS This descriptive study was performed on 195 Liquid Based Cytology (LBCs) specimens collected from women referred to private laboratories. Fifty, 98 and 47 samples were from women with known CIN, HPV positive and non-cancerous/non-HPV, respectively. HSV-2, C. trachomatis, M. genitalium and HPV genotypes have been detected using multiplex TaqMan Real Time PCR and PCR hybridization. RESULTS A total of 148 HPV positive samples were included. HPVs 6 (35.13%), 16 (32.43%), 18 (21.62%), 11 (9.46%), 31 (9.46%), and 51 (9.46%) were the most common genotypes. Single, 2, 3, and more than 4 multiple HPV genotypes were detected in 46%, 29.7%, 14.2%, 10.1% cases, respectively. The prevalence of M. genitalium, C. trachomatis and HSV2 was 3 (1.54%), 24 (12.3%) and 1(0.5%), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between these pathogens and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (p≥ 0.05). CONCLUSION HR-HPV genotypes were more prevalent in genital infections and cervical cancer. It would seem early detection of dominant STI pathogens such as Chlamydia spp. gains due to effective prevention. Here, further research is needed to understand the co-infections burden of HPV genotypes with STIs in clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Moharreri
- Department of Biology, East Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Sohrabi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Martinelli M, Musumeci R, Rizzo A, Muresu N, Piana A, Sotgiu G, Landoni F, Cocuzza C. Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection, Serovar Distribution and Co-Infections with Seven High-Risk HPV Types among Italian Women with a Recent History of Abnormal Cervical Cytology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16183354. [PMID: 31514378 PMCID: PMC6765777 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) and human papillomavirus (HPV) are the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections throughout the world. Despite the serious complications associated with chronic Ct infections in sexually active women, a screening program is not yet available in Italy. Moreover, HPV/Ct co-infections are also known to occur frequently, increasing the risk of HPV-induced carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Ct infections, the distribution of Ct serovars, and the incidences of Ct/HPV co-infections among women with a recent history of abnormal cervical cytology. Cervical samples were collected from 199 women referred for a gynecological visit following an abnormal Pap test results. All samples were tested for the presence of Ct and HPV DNA using real-time PCR assays; Ct typing of positive samples was performed by PCR–RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) targeting the ompA gene. A high percentage of these women (12.8% and 21.7% with or without abnormal cytology on “retesting”, respectively) were found to be Ct positive. Serovar F was the most prevalent type in Ct positive women, followed by E and K. Ct/HPV co-infections were detected in 7% (14/199) of enrolled women, with HPV-16, HPV-51, and HPV-52 being most frequently identified in co-infections. This study provides new epidemiological data on the prevalence of Ct and associated HPV infection in women with a recent history of abnormal cervical cytology in Italy, where notification of cases is not mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Martinelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy.
| | - Rosario Musumeci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy.
| | - Alberto Rizzo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy.
| | - Narcisa Muresu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Andrea Piana
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Sotgiu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Fabio Landoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy.
- ASST Monza, San Gerardo Hospital, 20900 Monza, Italy.
| | - Clementina Cocuzza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy.
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13
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Malogajski J, Branković I, Land JA, Thomas PPM, Morré SA, Ambrosino E. The Potential Role for Host Genetic Profiling in Screening for Chlamydia-Associated Tubal Factor Infertility (TFI)-New Perspectives. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10060410. [PMID: 31142036 PMCID: PMC6627277 DOI: 10.3390/genes10060410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Host immunogenetic factors can affect late complications of urogenital infections with Chlamydia trachomatis. These findings are creating new avenues for updating existing risk prediction models for C. trachomatis-associated tubal factor infertility (TFI). Research into host factors and its utilization may therefore have future implications for diagnosing C. trachomatis-induced infertility. We outline the epidemiological situation regarding C. trachomatis and TFI in high-income countries. Thereupon, we review the main characteristics of the population undergoing fertility work-up and identify screening and diagnostic strategies for TFI currently in place. The Netherlands is an exemplary model for the state of the art in high-income countries. Within the framework of existing clinical approaches, we propose a scenario for the translation of relevant genome-based information into triage of infertile women, with the objective of implementing genetic profiling in the routine investigation of TFI. Furthermore, we describe the state of the art in relevant gene- and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) based clinical prediction models and place our perspectives in the context of these applications. We conclude that the introduction of a genetic test of proven validity into the assessment of TFI should help reduce patient burden from invasive and costly examinations by achieving a more precise risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Malogajski
- Institute of Public Health Genomics, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute GROW, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Professions, Long Island University-Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York, NY 11201, USA.
| | - Ivan Branković
- Institute of Public Health Genomics, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute GROW, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jolande A Land
- Institute of Public Health Genomics, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute GROW, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Pierre P M Thomas
- Institute of Public Health Genomics, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute GROW, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Servaas A Morré
- Institute of Public Health Genomics, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute GROW, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Elena Ambrosino
- Institute of Public Health Genomics, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute GROW, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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14
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Vu TH, Ha-Duong NT, Aubry A, Capton E, Fechter P, Plésiat P, Verbeke P, Serradji N. In vitro activities of a new fluoroquinolone derivative highly active against Chlamydia trachomatis. Bioorg Chem 2019; 83:180-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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15
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Fowotade A, Osisanwo DA, Bakare RA. Human papillomavirus infection among women attending family planning clinic in Nigeria: prevalence, correlates, and co-infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2018; 39:390-402. [PMID: 29995572 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2018.1493999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Infection with high-risk genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) is considered the main cause of invasive cervical. A number of epidemiologic studies have suggested that HPV and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) play a synergistic role in the etiology of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and subsequent cervical cancer. The current study aimed to evaluate the HPV prevalence and the risk factors for co-infection with CT among women attending family planning clinic in Nigeria. Following enrolment, 90 patients were screened for IgG antibodies to virus-like proteins of HPV types 6, 8, 16, and 18. CT seropositivity was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of IgG and IgM antibodies. The prevalence of HPV IgG was 20%. Seropositivity for CT IgM was 77.8% while the IgG was 0%. A total of 10 women (11.1%) were seropositive for both CT IgM and HPV IgG antibodies. Seropositivity for HPV IgG was significantly associated with age at marriage (P < 0.001), current Chlamydia infection (P < 0.011), and number of children (P < 0.025), while seropositivty for HPV IgG and Chlamydia trahomatis IgM was significantly associated with age at coitarche (P < 0.028), number of life sex partners (P < 0.033), and history of multiple sexual partners (P < 0.002).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeola Fowotade
- a Clinical Virology Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine , University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria.,b Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology , University College Hospital , Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Deborah Afekelu Osisanwo
- b Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology , University College Hospital , Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Rasheed Ajani Bakare
- b Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology , University College Hospital , Ibadan, Nigeria
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Karim S, Souho T, Benlemlih M, Bennani B. Cervical Cancer Induction Enhancement Potential of Chlamydia Trachomatis: A Systematic Review. Curr Microbiol 2018; 75:1667-1674. [PMID: 29356877 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-018-1439-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) persistent infection is the necessary but not sufficient cause of cervical cancer. Other co-factors are required to induce cell transformation that will evolve to malignant cervical cancer. These co-factors include physical elements, other sexually transmitted infections, and immune response. Chlamydia trachomatis the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection is often asymptomatic but causes various syndromes such as cervicitis, endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and infertility. It is established that this bacterium is involved in cell proliferation process and inhibit apoptosis. Furthermore, C. trachomatis may induce chronic inflammation, interfere with immune response by decreasing the number of antigen presenting cells, and reduce the cell-mediated immunity allowing the persistence of HPV. However, it is unclear whether this bacterium plays a particular role in cervical cancer induction. We therefore aimed at enlightening the actual knowledge about the relationship between C. trachomatis and cervical cancer or precursor lesions through a systematic literature review. We summarized and analyzed the epidemiological data on C. trachomatis and its co-infection with HPV and their association to cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safae Karim
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez (FMPF), Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Fez, Morocco
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, USMBA, Fez, Morocco
| | - Tiatou Souho
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Kara, Kara, Togo
| | - Mohamed Benlemlih
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, USMBA, Fez, Morocco
| | - Bahia Bennani
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez (FMPF), Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), Fez, Morocco.
- Team of Microorganisms, Genomic and Oncogene Factors, Laboratory of Human Pathology, Biomedicine and Environmental, FMP, USMBA, Fez, Morocco.
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17
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Molecular characterization of lower vaginal swabs for Human papilloma virus in association with Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Cameroonian Women. J Infect Public Health 2017; 11:314-320. [PMID: 28919017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is an etiological factor for cervical cancer development and Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) is considered as a cofactor. Understanding the dynamics of HPV and Ct infection could help to explain the incidence of early onset of cervical cancer (CC) observed in Cameroon. Lower vaginal swabs and sera from sexually active women were analyzed for HPV and Ct infection in association with risk factors. Questionnaires were used to document patients' lifestyle and risk factors. A total of 206 women participated in the study average 28.1±8years (16-50 years). HPV prevalence was 23.3% with subtypes 16 and 18 at respectively 2.9% and 1%. Ct infection totalised 40.8%, of which 23.8% were HPV- Ct co-infections. HPV infection was inversely associated with age (p=0.028). We found a positive association between Ct infection and the number of sex partners (p=0.012) and a negative association with parity (p=0.032). There was no significant association between HPV and Ct infections. High rates of HPV and Ct infections could be an indicator of cervical cancer risk in the near future. There is therefore an urgent need for sensitization as well as implementation of appropriate preventive measures.
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18
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Comar M, Monasta L, Seraceni S, Colli C, Luska V, Morassut S, Clemente L, Drabeni M, Moise G, Fontana F, Suligoi B. Chlamydia trachomatis and HPV co-infections in HIV negative men from a multi-ethnic area of Northern Italy at high prevalence of cervical malignancies. J Med Virol 2017; 89:1654-1661. [PMID: 28316071 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis and HPV coinfections in the male population are often a disregarded issue. We performed a study to evaluate the prevalence of such infections in heterosexual HIV negative men from a Northern Italy multi-ethnic area at high prevalence for cervical malignancies. Urethral swabs (US) or first-voided urine were evaluated retrospectively from 1317 patients attending Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) clinic and from 3388 outpatients attending private clinics. Informations about participants' demographic characteristics and attributes of C. trachomatis, including chronic infection, and HPV genotypes testing, were collected. Exact Fisher test, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regressions were carried out. The prevalence of C. trachomatis was 1.7% in the outpatients and 16.9% in the STI group (P < 0.0001) in which the highest frequency was observed in men of age ≤25 years. Among patients with C. trachomatis, asymptomatic HPV co-infection was detected in 33% of men from the STI clinic and in 2% of the outpatients. Out of all coinfections, 56% were due to single HPV, with a prevalence of 73% in young STI men. The distribution of HPV genotypes confirmed the increased circulation of LR-HPV42, HR-HPV51, HR-HPV52 and prHR-HPV82, and the decreasing of HR-HPV16. African nationalities and leucorrhea were significantly associated risk factors, while the regular condom use offered an effective protection. This study highlights the high prevalence of C. trachomatis and HPV asymptomatic co-infection in young HIV negative men attending the STI clinic, representing a reservoir of new HPV genotypes with potential oncogenic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manola Comar
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy.,University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Monasta
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Silva Seraceni
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Viviana Luska
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Sara Morassut
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Libera Clemente
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiological Analysis AAS2 "Bassa Friulana-Sontina"-S. Polo General Hospital, Monfalcone (GO), Italy
| | - Marina Drabeni
- Dermatology Center, MST/AIDS, AAS2, "Bassa Friulana-Isontina", Gorizia, Italy
| | - Gianmichele Moise
- Dermatology Center, MST/AIDS, AAS2, "Bassa Friulana-Isontina", Gorizia, Italy
| | - Francesco Fontana
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiological Analysis AAS2 "Bassa Friulana-Sontina"-S. Polo General Hospital, Monfalcone (GO), Italy
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Nonato DR, Alves RR, Ribeiro AA, Saddi VA, Segati KD, Almeida KP, de Lima YA, D’Alessandro WB, Rabelo-Santos SH. Prevalence and factors associated with coinfection of human papillomavirus and Chlamydia trachomatis in adolescents and young women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 215:753.e1-753.e9. [PMID: 27402054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus and Chlamydia trachomatis share the same route of sexual transmission and possess similar risk factors, indicating that coinfection may act synergistically in the induction of epithelial cell abnormalities. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus and Chlamydia trachomatis in adolescents and young women and identify factors associated with coinfection. STUDY DESIGN This cross-sectional study included 276 female participants, aged 15-24 years, who were sexually active. Interviews were conducted and cervical specimens were collected for cervical smears and molecular tests. All cervical specimens were tested for 27 human papillomavirus genotypes by polymerase chain reaction amplification and hybridization to a human papillomavirus linear array. Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis was performed by polymerase chain reaction using primers directed to the region encoding the cryptic plasmid. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the factors associated with coinfection with human papillomavirus and Chlamydia trachomatis. The odds ratio, the adjusted odds ratio, and the 95% confidence interval were calculated. RESULTS The prevalence of infection by Chlamydia trachomatis and human papillomavirus was 9.1% (95% confidence interval, 5.61-12.4) and 47.1% (95% confidence interval, 41.0-53.2), respectively. The prevalence of coinfection with human papillomavirus and Chlamydia trachomatis was 5.8% (95% confidence interval, 3.3-9.2); coinfection with 1 human papillomavirus type was 3.3% (95% confidence interval, 1.5-6.1) and with multiple types was 2.5% (95% confidence interval, 1.0-5.2). The prevalence of cytological abnormalities was 12.3% (95% confidence interval, 8.6-16.79). Human papillomavirus infections of high oncogenic risk were more prevalent (85.4%). Factors independently associated with coinfection of human papillomavirus/Chlamydia trachomatis obtained by multivariate analysis were the initiation of sexual activity under 16 years of age with an an odds ratio of 4.9 (95% confidence interval, 1.0-23.63; P = .05) and cytological abnormalities with an odds ratio of 10.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.9-59.5; P = .01), which indicates there is risk for the detection of cytological abnormalities in adolescents and young women coinfected with human papillomavirus/Chlamydia trachomatis. CONCLUSION The prevalence of coinfection among our study population was of a magnitude that warrants attention by public health services. Adolescents and young women should be monitored for Chlamydia trachomatis infection and vaccinated against human papillomavirus. The association between cytological abnormalities and coinfection with human papillomavirus and Chlamydia trachomatis indicates the potential synergistic role of these infections in carcinogenesis of the cervix.
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Smelov V, Gheit T, Sundström K, Ploner A, McKay-Chopin S, Eklund C, Tommasino M, Dillner J. Lack of Significant Effects of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection on Cervical Adenocarcinoma Risk: Nested Case-Control Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156215. [PMID: 27227411 PMCID: PMC4881944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A role of Chlamydia trachomatis in HPV-induced cervical carcinogenesis has been reported for cervical cancer but studies on cervical adenocarcinoma are limited. Methods A total of 1,553 cervical smears taken up to 26 years before diagnosis in a large population-based nested case-control study of cervical adenocarcinoma (AC, 132 cases with matched controls), and adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS, 159 cases with matched controls) were tested for C. trachomatis and HPV DNA by a type-specific PCR bead-based multiplex genotyping (TS-MPG) assay. Results Only 1.7% of samples were positive for C. trachomatis, with no significant differences between AC/AIS cases and controls. HPV-positivity was detected in 49.3% of C. trachomatis-negative and 65.4% C. trachomatis-positive samples, respectively. Conclusions A large prospective study did not find any risk for cervical adenocarcinoma and/or AIS conferred by C. trachomatis infection. Impact C. trachomatis appears not to be involved in cervical adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Smelov
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
- Screening Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Tarik Gheit
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Karin Sundström
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Ploner
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sandrine McKay-Chopin
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Carina Eklund
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Joakim Dillner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Seraceni S, Campisciano G, Contini C, Comar M. HPV genotypes distribution in Chlamydia trachomatis co-infection in a large cohort of women from north-east Italy. J Med Microbiol 2016; 65:406-413. [PMID: 26944507 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) and Chlamydia trachomatis are pathogens with oncogenic potential associated with persistent infections. Epidemiological data on C. trachomatis infection status, C. trachomatis/HPV co-infection and the relationship between HPV genotypes in Italian women are only preliminary. The aim of the present study was to characterize the relationship between HPV genotypes and C. trachomatis in an extending cohort of asymptomatic immunocompetent women from an area of north-east Italy. A retrospective study was conducted using Luminex technology on cervical swabs from asymptomatic immunocompetent women, comprising 921 attending the prevention centre for the Cervical Cancer Program and 6214 who had been referred to the Sexually Transmitted Infections Center, with clinical indications of HPV and C. trachomatis infections. A quantitative real-time PCR was performed to assess chronic C. trachomatis infection by heat-shock protein 60 (Hsp60) gene expression. The overall prevalence of the investigated pathogens was 39 % (359/921) for HPV and 4 % (251/6214) for C. trachomatis. The Hsp60 gene was detected in 57 % of the women infected with C. trachomatis. HPV co-infection was present in 58 % of C. trachomatis-infected women. A high prevalence of co-infection was found in women with chronic C. trachomatis infection (68 %, P = 0.0002), especially in women ≤ 25 years (72 %) where HPV multiple infections were found in 78 % (P = 0.022). HPV genotype distribution showed that uncommon low-risk genotypes were associated with C. trachomatis. These results indicate a high frequency of co-detection of multiple HPV genotypes in chronically infected young women and suggest that the expression of the C. trachomatis Hsp60 gene may favour HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silva Seraceni
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo'-Via dell'Istria 65/1,34137 Trieste,Italy
| | | | - Carlo Contini
- University of Ferrara, Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Infectious Diseases and Dermatology, via Fossato di Mortara n. 64/b,44121 Ferrara,Italy
| | - Manola Comar
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo'-Via dell'Istria 65/1,34137 Trieste,Italy
- University of Trieste, via Piazzale Europa,1 34127 Trieste, Trieste,Italy
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Zoa Assoumou S, Ndjoyi Mbiguino A, Mabika Mabika B, Nguizi Ogoula S, El Mzibri M, Khattabi A, Ennaji MM. Human papillomavirus genotypes distribution among Gabonese women with normal cytology and cervical abnormalities. Infect Agent Cancer 2016; 11:2. [PMID: 26779280 PMCID: PMC4714494 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-016-0046-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is one of the most common tumors affecting women with a disproportionate mortality occurring in developing countries. Despite the high prevalence of cervical cancer and cervical neoplasia in Gabon, few studies have been performed to evaluate the prevalence and determinants of HPV infection in this country. The aim of this study was to determine the HPV prevalence and distribution in a population of Gabonese women with normal cytology and cervical abnormalities. METHODS A total of 200 cervical samples collected in the "Departement d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques" of the "Faculté de Medecine et des Sciences de la Santé" in Libreville, Gabonwere analyzed. Cytological status was classified according to Bethesda 2001. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using consensus degenerate PCR primers (MY09/11 and GP5+/6+) was performed for the detection of HPV DNA and HPV typing was done by DNA sequencing. RESULTS Cytological analysis showed that 87 % of women had normal cytology (n = 174/200). Among the 26 women with cytological abnormalities, predominance (61.5 %; 16/26) of low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) was found and no cervical cancer case was detected. Overall, HPV DNA was detected in 60 % of women (120/200). With respect to the cytological status, HPV DNA was found in 57.5 % of women with normal cervix and 76.9 % of women with abnormal cytology. HPV genotyping was performed on 114 HPV positive cases and revealed the presence of 11 distinct genotypes: 16, 18, 33, 31, 56, 6, 66, 70, 35, 45 and 81. The high risk type HPV 16 was the most common genotype found in all cytological categories. Six HPV positive samples could not be typed by DNA sequencing, probably due to multiple HPV infection. Evaluation of possible risk factors showed that HPV infection was related positively with number of sexual partners (≥3, OR = 2.3; 95 % CI, 1.3-4.3), history of sexually transmitted infection (Chlamydia, OR = 1.9; 95 % CI, 1.01-3.4) and marital status (single, OR = 2.0; 95 % CI, 1.1-3.5). CONCLUSION The prevalence of HPV infection among Gabonese women is high. Our findings highlight the need to set up a national program to fight cervical cancer, combining Pap smear test and HPV testing, to improve cervical cancer prevention in Gabon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Zoa Assoumou
- />Laboratoire de Virologie, Microbiologie et Qualité/ Eco-toxicologie et Biodiversité, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan II, Mohammedia, Maroc
- />Département de biologie, Laboratoire d’Agroalimentaire et Santé, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan I, Settat, Maroc
- />Département de Bactériologie et Virologie, Laboratoire de référence MST/Sida, Laboratoire de Référence Rougeole, Rubéole et Fièvre Jaune, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université des Sciences de la Santé, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Angelique Ndjoyi Mbiguino
- />Département de Bactériologie et Virologie, Laboratoire de référence MST/Sida, Laboratoire de Référence Rougeole, Rubéole et Fièvre Jaune, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université des Sciences de la Santé, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Barthelemy Mabika Mabika
- />Département d’Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université des Sciences de la Santé, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Sidonie Nguizi Ogoula
- />Département d’Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université des Sciences de la Santé, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Mohammed El Mzibri
- />Unité de Biologie et Recherche Médicale, Centre National de l’Energie, des Sciences et Techniques Nucléaires (CNESTEN), Rabat, Maroc
| | - Abdelkrim Khattabi
- />Département de biologie, Laboratoire d’Agroalimentaire et Santé, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan I, Settat, Maroc
| | - My Mustapha Ennaji
- />Laboratoire de Virologie, Microbiologie et Qualité/ Eco-toxicologie et Biodiversité, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan II, Mohammedia, Maroc
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Vriend HJ, Bogaards JA, van Bergen JEAM, Brink AATP, van den Broek IVF, Hoebe CJPA, King AJ, van der Sande MAB, Wolffs PFG, de Melker HE. Incidence and persistence of carcinogenic genital human papillomavirus infections in young women with or without Chlamydia trachomatis co-infection. Cancer Med 2015; 4:1589-98. [PMID: 26194784 PMCID: PMC4618629 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed whether infection with chlamydia increases the incidence of carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and if HPV persistence is affected by chlamydia co-infection. For 1982 women (16–29 years-old) participating in two consecutive rounds of a chlamydia screening implementation trial, swabs were polymerase chain reaction tested to detect chlamydia and 14 carcinogenic HPV genotypes. HPV type-specific incidence and persistence rates were stratified for chlamydia positivity at follow-up. Associations were assessed by multilevel logistic regression analyses with correction for sexual risk factors. HPV type-specific incidence ranged from 1.4% to 8.9% and persistence from 22.7% to 59.4% after a median follow-up of 11 months (interquartile range: 11–12). Differences in 1-year HPV persistence rates between chlamydia -infected and noninfected women were less distinct than differences in HPV incidence rates (pooled adjusted odds ratios of 1.17 [95% CI: 0.69–1.96] and 1.84 [95% CI: 1.36–2.47], respectively). The effect of chlamydia co-infection on HPV-infection risk did not significantly differ by HPV genotype. In conclusion, infection with chlamydia increases the risk of infection by carcinogenic HPV types and may enhance persistence of some HPV types. Although these findings could reflect residual confounding through unobserved risk factors, our results do give reason to explore more fully the association between chlamydia and HPV type-specific acquisition and persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike J Vriend
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A Bogaards
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jan E A M van Bergen
- STI AIDS Netherlands, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of General Practices, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antoinette A T P Brink
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid V F van den Broek
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Christian J P A Hoebe
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,South Limburg Public Health Service, Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Audrey J King
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne A B van der Sande
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Julius Center, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Petra F G Wolffs
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hester E de Melker
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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