1
|
Digranes N, Haga HA, Nordgreen J. High and Hyper: Fentanyl Induces Psychomotor Side-Effects in Healthy Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101671. [PMID: 37238100 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Analgesic effects of fentanyl have been investigated using behavior. The behavioral effects of fentanyl and possible serotonergic influence are largely unknown. We therefore investigated behavioral effects of fentanyl, with or without the serotonin antagonist ketanserin, in pigs. Fourteen mixed-breed pigs, weighing 17-25 kg were included in a randomised blinded prospective, balanced three-group study. Ten pigs received first 5 and then 10 µg/kg of fentanyl intravenously. Ketanserin at 1 mg/kg or saline was given intravenously as a third injection. Four control pigs received three injections of saline. Behavior was video-recorded. The distance moved was automatically measured by commercially available software, and behaviors manually scored in retrospect. Fentanyl inhibited resting and playing, and induced different repetitive behaviors. The mean (SD) distance moved in the control group and fentanyl group was 21.3 (13.0) and 57.8 (20.8) metres respectively (p < 0.05 for pairwise comparison). A stiff gait pattern was seen after fentanyl injection for median (range) 4.2 (2.8-5.1) minutes per 10 min, which was reduced to 0 (0-4) s after ketanserin administration. Conclusion: fentanyl-induced motor and behavioral effects, and serotonergic transmission may be involved in some of them. The psychomotor side effects of fentanyl could potentially interfere with post-operative pain evaluation in pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Digranes
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Henning Andreas Haga
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Janicke Nordgreen
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Berke MS, Colding-Jørgensen P, Pedersen LG, Hestehave S, Kalliokoski O, Jensen HE, Sørensen DB, Hau J, Abelson KSP. Effects of Transdermal Fentanyl Treatment on Acute Pain and Inflammation in Rats with Adjuvant-induced Monoarthritis. Comp Med 2022; 72:320-329. [PMID: 36229169 PMCID: PMC9827602 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-21-000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Eliminating unnecessary pain is an important requirement of performing animal experimentation, including reducing and controlling pain of animals used in pain research. The goal of this study was to refine an adjuvant-induced monoarthritis model in rats by providing analgesia with a transdermal fentanyl solution (TFS). Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats, single- or pair-housed, were injected with 20 μL of complete Freund adjuvant (CFA) into the left ankle joint. CFA-injected rats treated with a single dose of transdermal fentanyl solution (0.33 or 1 mg/kg) were compared with an untreated CFA-injected group and sham groups that received either no treatment or TFS treatment (1 mg/kg) during 72 h. At the tested doses, TFS reduced mechanical hyperalgesia and improved the mobility, stance, rearing, and lameness scores at 6 h after CFA injection. Joint circumferences were not reduced by TFS treatment, and no significant differences were detected between the 2 doses of TFS, or between single- and pair-housed rats. Treatment with TFS did not appear to interfere with model development and characteristics. However, overall, the analgesic effect was transient, and several opioid-related side effects were observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mie S Berke
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;,Corresponding author:
| | - Pernille Colding-Jørgensen
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line G Pedersen
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Hestehave
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Otto Kalliokoski
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik E Jensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorte B Sørensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jann Hau
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klas SP Abelson
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Høy-Petersen J, Smith JS, Merkatoris PT, Black KE, Faivre CM, Miles KG, Tatarniuk DM, Kraus KH. Case Report: Trochlear Wedge Sulcoplasty, Tibial Tuberosity Transposition, and Lateral Imbrication for Correction of a Traumatic Patellar Luxation in a Miniature Companion Pig: A Case Report and Visual Description. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:567886. [PMID: 33521073 PMCID: PMC7838352 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.567886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this case report was to describe successful surgical and post-operative management of a medial patellar luxation in a Vietnamese Potbellied Pig. A two-year old, castrated, Vietnamese Potbellied Pig presented to a veterinary teaching hospital for right pelvic limb lameness of 2 weeks duration. Upon physical examination a grade 3 patellar luxation was diagnosed on the right pelvic limb. Surgical repair included a trochlear wedge sulcoplasty, tibial tuberosity transposition, and lateral imbrication as described for canine patellar luxation. The pig was managed post-operatively with meloxicam and a physical therapy regimen of seven weeks duration. At recheck examination the pig was sound, no complications were observed, and the owners were satisfied with the outcome. As miniature companion pigs, such as Vietnamese Potbellied Pigs are currently increasing in popularity as pets, this case demonstrated that comparative techniques from other veterinary species should be considered when considering a treatment plan for a pig with a medial patellar luxation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Høy-Petersen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Joe S Smith
- Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Paul T Merkatoris
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Kelley E Black
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Cosette M Faivre
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Kristina G Miles
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Dane M Tatarniuk
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Karl H Kraus
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sredenšek J, Bošnjak M, Lampreht Tratar U, Kosjek T, Cemazar M, Kržan M, Seliškar A. Case Report: Intoxication in a Pig ( Sus Scrofa Domesticus) After Transdermal Fentanyl Patch Ingestion. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:611097. [PMID: 33330726 PMCID: PMC7732491 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.611097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An experimental study on the effects of electroporation on pancreatic tissue was performed in pigs, and the fentanyl transdermal patch (FTP) was used postoperatively as part of multimodal pain management. Ingestion of an FTP, which resulted in fentanyl intoxication, was suspected 5 days after placement in one of the experimental pigs. The pig was first dysphoric, running in the stall, panting and vocalizing until it finally became depressed and it remained lying on the floor. Ingestion of an FTP was not observed but the fentanyl plasma concentration on the day of intoxication was 20.7 ng/ml, while at its peak after FTP administration it was only 0.492 ng/ml. The intoxication was successfully treated with a single intramuscular naloxone injection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerneja Sredenšek
- Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maša Bošnjak
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urša Lampreht Tratar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tina Kosjek
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Kržan
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alenka Seliškar
- Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Perkins SE, Hankenson FC. Nonexperimental Xenobiotics: Unintended Consequences of Intentionally Administered Substances in Terrestrial Animal Models. ILAR J 2020; 60:216-227. [PMID: 32574354 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Review of the use of nonexperimental xenobiotics in terrestrial animal models and the potential unintended consequences of these compounds, including drug-related side effects and adverse reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott E Perkins
- Tufts Comparative Medicine Services, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts; and Department of Environmental and Population Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts
| | - F Claire Hankenson
- Campus Animal Resources, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Animal Surgery and Care of Animals. Biomater Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816137-1.00060-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
7
|
Clutton RE. A review of factors affecting analgesic selection in large animals undergoing translational research. Vet J 2018; 236:12-22. [PMID: 29871744 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The widespread physiological effects of pain in experimental animals are likely to reduce the validity of data except when pain itself is studied. Appropriately prescribed analgesics will limit pain and improve the welfare of animals undergoing noxious experimental procedures. However, their injudicious use may also introduce variability in data and limit study reproducibility. Optimizing both animal welfare and the value of scientific data from experimental studies requires the ability to identify, quantify and treat animal pain by applying a knowledge of analgesic pharmacology that is sympathetic to study objectives. This review first examines the reasons for promoting analgesic use in translational animal research and, in focussing on pigs and small ruminants, then identifies factors that should be considered when devising analgesic plans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R E Clutton
- The Wellcome Trust Critical Care Laboratory for Large Animals, Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Osorio Lujan S, Habre W, Daali Y, Pan Z, Kronen PW. Plasma concentrations of transdermal fentanyl and buprenorphine in pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus). Vet Anaesth Analg 2017; 44:665-675. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
9
|
Zullian C, Lema P, Lavoie M, Dodelet-Devillers A, Beaudry F, Vachon P. Plasma concentrations of buprenorphine following a single subcutaneous administration of a sustained release formulation of buprenorphine in sheep. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE 2016; 80:250-253. [PMID: 27408341 PMCID: PMC4924562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to evaluate the potential use of slow release buprenorphine in sheep. Twelve adult female sheep (6 Dorset and 6 Suffolk, 12 months of age) were used for this project and were divided into 2 experimental groups (n = 6/group comprising 3 Dorset and 3 Suffolk sheep). Sustained release (SR) buprenorphine was administered subcutaneously in the scapular region at a concentration of 0.1 mg/kg body weight (BW) for group 1 and of 0.05 mg/kg BW for group 2. Following blood collections at selected time points, plasma concentrations of buprenorphine was performed by tandem liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry. Mean buprenorphine concentration was above 0.1 ng/mL at 48 h up to 192 h post-injection for group 1 and it was above 0.1 ng/mL at 48 h up to 72 h post-injection for group 2. In conclusion, a long lasting potential analgesic plasma level of buprenorphine is attained following a single subcutaneous injection of 0.1 mg/kg BW of SR buprenorphine in sheep. However the effective analgesic plasma threshold still needs to be determined in sheep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Pascal Vachon
- Address all correspondence to Dr. Pascal Vachon; telephone: 514-343-6111, ext. 8294; e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Carlson AM, Kelly R, Fetterer DP, Rico PJ, Bailey EJ. Pharmacokinetics of 2 Formulations of Transdermal Fentanyl in Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca fascicularis). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2016; 55:436-442. [PMID: 27423151 PMCID: PMC4943615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fentanyl is a μ-opioid agonist that often is used as the analgesic component for balanced anesthesia in both human and veterinary patients. Minimal information has been published regarding appropriate dosing, and the pharmacokinetics of fentanyl are unknown in NHP. The pharmacokinetic properties of 2 transdermal fentanyl delivery methods, a solution (2.6 and 1.95 mg/kg) and a patch (25 μg/h), were determined when applied topically to the dorsal scapular area of cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Serum fentanyl concentrations were analyzed by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Compared with the patch, the transdermal fentanyl solution generated higher drug concentrations over longer time. Adverse reactions occurred in the macaques that received the transdermal fentanyl solution at 2.6 mg/kg. Both preparations showed significant interanimal variability in the maximal serum drug levels, time to achieve maximal fentanyl levels, elimination half-life, and AUC values. Both the maximal concentration and the time at which this concentration occurred were increased in macaques compared with most other species after application of the transdermal fentanyl patch and compared with dogs after application of the transdermal fentanyl solution. The pharmacokinetic properties of transdermal fentanyl in macaques are markedly different from those in other veterinary species and preclude its use as a long-acting analgesic drug in NHP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Carlson
- Veterinary Medicine Division, The United States Army Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA.
| | - Richard Kelly
- Veterinary Medicine Division, The United States Army Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | - David P Fetterer
- Statistics, The United States Army Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | - Pedro J Rico
- Veterinary Medicine Division, The United States Army Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily J Bailey
- Veterinary Medicine Division, The United States Army Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Thiede AJ, Garcia KD, Stolarik DF, Ma J, Jenkins GJ, Nunamaker EA. Pharmacokinetics of sustained-release and transdermal buprenorphine in Göttingen minipigs (Sus scrofa domestica). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2014; 53:692-699. [PMID: 25650977 PMCID: PMC4253584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The opioid buprenorphine has been shown to provide adequate postoperative analgesia in both companion and laboratory animals. However, its use is still hindered by the need for multiple parenteral injections to achieve continuous analgesia. The purpose of the current study was to conduct a pharmacokinetic analysis of 2 new long-acting formulations of buprenorphine-an injectable sustained-release buprenorphine (SRB) and a transdermal buprenorphine (TDB) patch-in healthy Göttingen minipigs by using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Administration of 0.18 mg/kg SC SRB and 30 μ g/h TDB achieved AUC(0-Tlast) of 221.6 ± 26.8 and 25.2 ± 3.9 ng × h/mL, respectively, compared with 9.7 ± 1.4 ng*h/mL for 0.02 mg/kg IV buprenorphine. By using a hypothesized therapeutic plasma buprenorphine concentration threshold of 0.1 ng/mL, therapeutic concentrations were achieved at the first study time point (5 to 30 min) and lasted an average of 8.0 ± 1.3 h for intravenous buprenorphine and 264.0 ± 32.2 h for SRB. TDB achieved therapeutic concentrations in 12 to 24 h after patch application, which lasted until the patch was removed at 72 h. The results of this study suggest that SRB and TDB are long-acting alternatives for pain management, and their use could decrease animal handling and stress, thereby simplifying pain management and improving welfare in laboratory swine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison J Thiede
- Biologic Resources Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| | - Kelly D Garcia
- Biologic Resources Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - DeAnne F Stolarik
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, AbbVie, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Junli Ma
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, AbbVie, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gary J Jenkins
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, AbbVie, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Nunamaker
- Biologic Resources Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Comparative Medicine, AbbVie, North Chicago, Illinois, Animal Care Services, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Current options for providing sustained analgesia to laboratory animals. Lab Anim (NY) 2014; 43:364-71. [DOI: 10.1038/laban.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
13
|
Royal JM, Settle TL, Bodo M, Lombardini E, Kent ML, Upp J, Rothwell SW. Assessment of postoperative analgesia after application of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia for surgery in a swine femoral fracture model. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2013; 52:265-276. [PMID: 23849409 PMCID: PMC3690448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Management of pain in research swine used for studies involving painful procedures is a considerable challenge. Here we assessed whether a regional anesthesia method is effective for pain control of hindlimb injuries in pigs used for research in bone fracture healing. For this randomized controlled study, we administered regional anesthesia before an experimental femoral injury was produced. Using ultrasound guidance, we placed sterile infusion catheters near the sciatic and femoral nerves and administered local anesthetic (bupivacaine) for the first 24 h after surgery. We evaluated various behavioral and physiologic parameters to test the hypothesis that this regional anesthesia would provide superior analgesia compared with systemic analgesia alone. We also collected blood samples to evaluate serum levels of cortisol and fentanyl postoperatively. At the end of the study period, we collected sciatic and femoral nerves and surrounding soft tissues for histopathologic evaluation. Treatment pigs had lower subjective pain scores than did control animals. Control pigs had a longer time to first feed consumption and required additional analgesia earlier in the postoperative period than did treatment pigs. Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia is a viable and effective adjunct to systemic analgesics for providing pain control in swine with experimental femoral fractures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Royal
- Center for Laboratory Animal Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Trim CM, Braun C. Anesthetic agents and complications in Vietnamese potbellied pigs: 27 cases (1999-2006). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2011; 239:114-21. [PMID: 21718204 DOI: 10.2460/javma.239.1.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To document complications associated with preanesthetic and anesthetic agents used in Vietnamese potbellied pigs and identify predictors of complications. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 27 potbellied pigs (14 female and 13 male) ranging in age from 0.25 to 15 years old and ranging in body weight from 5.9 to 169 kg (13.0 to 371.8 lb) that were anesthetized on 32 occasions between 1999 and 2006. PROCEDURES Data, including perianesthetic management, anesthetic agents and dosages, complications, and outcome, were retrieved from medical records. Patient information, anesthetic agents, and duration of anesthesia were evaluated as predictors for development of complications. RESULTS Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane or sevoflurane during 30 anesthetic episodes. Commonly used premedicants were butorphanol, atropine, and midazolam administered in combination with xylazine or medetomidine and a combination of tiletamine-zolazepam and butorphanol. Anesthesia was induced with an inhalation agent on 15 occasions, via injection of ketamine on 10 occasions, and via injection of propofol on 3 occasions. Complications included hypoventilation (16/24 [67%]), hypotension (16/25 [64%]), hypothermia (15/31 [48%]), bradycardia (9/32 [28%]), and prolonged recovery time (7/32 [22%]). None of the factors evaluated were associated with development of these complications. All pigs survived anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that a variety of anesthetic agent combinations can be used to provide anesthesia in potbellied pigs with satisfactory outcomes. Although there were high incidences of hypoventilation, hypotension, and hypothermia, no specific anesthetic agent was associated with development of these complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M Trim
- Department of Large Animal Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Murison PJ, Jones A, Mitchard L, Burt R, Birchall MA. Development of perioperative care for pigs undergoing laryngeal transplantation: a case series. Lab Anim 2009; 43:338-43. [PMID: 19535394 DOI: 10.1258/la.2009.008101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pigs are ideal animal models for airway surgical research, facilitating the successful translation of science into clinical practice. Despite their ubiquitous use, there is a paucity of information on the perioperative care of pigs, especially for major procedures. In a series of experiments to investigate laryngeal transplantation, we combined veterinary and medical experience to develop protocols for perioperative management of pigs, including high dependency care. Novel airway management methods were developed. A pain scoring system was used to direct analgesia use. Fluid balance and electrolytes were monitored closely. Recent animals received a central venous line via the femoral vein two days prior to transplantation to facilitate blood sampling and drug delivery. Intensive monitoring and airway management were required to ensure a successful outcome. Methods for optimal perioperative care are proposed. These results will help future groups wishing to use pigs in airway research, will reduce numbers of animals used and improve animal welfare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P J Murison
- University of Bristol, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, Langford House, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Branski LK, Mittermayr R, Herndon DN, Norbury WB, Masters OE, Hofmann M, Traber DL, Redl H, Jeschke MG. A porcine model of full-thickness burn, excision and skin autografting. Burns 2008; 34:1119-27. [PMID: 18617332 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2008.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2007] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute burn wounds often require early excision and adequate coverage to prevent further hypothermia, protein and fluid losses, and the risk of infection. Meshed autologous skin grafts are generally regarded as the standard treatment for extensive full-thickness burns. Graft take and rate of wound healing, however, depend on several endogenous factors. This paper describes a standardized reproducible porcine model of burn and skin grafting which can be used to study the effects of topical treatments on graft take and re-epithelialization. Procedures provide a protocol for successful porcine burn wound experiments with special focus on pre-operative care, anesthesia, burn allocation, excision and grafting, postoperative treatment, dressing application, and specimen collection. Selected outcome measurements include percent area of wound closure by planimetry, wound assessment using a clinical assessment scale, and histological scoring. The use of this standardized model provides burn researchers with a valuable tool for the comparison of different topical drug treatments and dressing materials in a setting that closely mimics clinical reality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludwik K Branski
- Shriners Hospital for Children and University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bestard Vallejo JE, Raventós Busquets CX, Celma Doménech A, Rosal Fontana M, Esteve M, Morote Robles J. [Pig model in experimental renal transplant surgery]. Actas Urol Esp 2008; 32:91-101. [PMID: 18411628 DOI: 10.1016/s0210-4806(08)73800-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Living donor laparoscopic renal procurement is becoming a first-line technique unless a show-learning curve. January 2006 we implement an experimental pig-kidney transplant model with the objective of evaluating differences between open and laparosopic surgical techniques as well as giving a training-oportunity to the Residents in these alternatives. MATERIAL AND METHODS We have completed 25 experiments 7 out of which were performed laparoscopically (28%), 18 with conventional surgerY (72%). Only 44% of the animals have survived until the end of the process. RESULTS This work evaluates different aspects on the implementation of this activity. Complications of the prothocol are analyzed. We review the literature on this topic. CONCLUSIONS Experimental Surgery in a porcine model has become in our Hospital a key-issue for Residents Training Program, and easily could be adapted to other Centers.
Collapse
|