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Mundbjerg K, Tolver A, Sebbelov I, Clausen T, Lundfold J, Hammer AS. Familial disease history and fur color type are associated with urinary tract disease in farmed mink (Neovison vison). Res Vet Sci 2020; 133:326-331. [PMID: 33172618 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mink urinary tract disease (MUTD) and mink fatty liver disease (MFLD) constitute two important disease entities in the mink production associated with sudden mortality and economic loss. Genetic factors or heritability of the diseases have not previously been investigated. Since mortality associated with MUTD and MFLD mainly occurs in the young immature mink, a potential genetic predisposition would rarely be passed on by the mink itself but potentially by relatives. This study aimed to investigate familial aggregation of MUTD and MFLD based on data from four generations of mink on a research farm. The study included a total of 27,511 mink of brown and black color type with a post mortem prevalence of 0.8% for MUTD (n = 221) and 0.5% for MFLD (n = 138) within a year from birth. The prevalence in the color types brown and black were 0.6% and 1.6% for MUTD and 0.5% and 0.7% for MFLD. Family history of MUTD in breeding animals was found to be associated with a significantly higher probability of MUTD leading to mortality in offspring (p = 0.012, RR = 1.7; CI [1.1-2.4]), however this association was not significant for MFLD (p = 0.163, RR = 1.5; CI [0.9-2.7]). Mink of the color type black showed significantly higher risk of MUTD (RR = 2.6; CI [2.0-3.3]) and MFLD (R = 1.6; CI [1.1-2.2]) compared to brown mink. The results indicate that genetic factors may play a role in understanding MUTD and that selective breeding may contribute to reduce mortalities associated with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Mundbjerg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 3, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; LVK Dyrlægerne A/S, Fynsvej 8, 9500 Hobro, Denmark.
| | - Anders Tolver
- Data Science Lab, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Ida Sebbelov
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 3, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Tove Clausen
- Danish Fur Breeders Research Centre, Herningvej 112, 7500 Holstebro, Denmark
| | - Jesper Lundfold
- Kopenhagen Fur a.m.b.a., Langagervej 60, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Anne Sofie Hammer
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 3, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Zhao Y, Guo L, Li J, Fang B, Huang X. Molecular epidemiology, antimicrobial susceptibility, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis genotyping of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from mink. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE 2018; 82:256-263. [PMID: 30363376 PMCID: PMC6168023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important animal pathogen and contributes to hemorrhagic pneumonia in mink. Between April 2011 and December 2016, samples of lung, liver, and spleen were collected from mink with this disease on 11 mink farms in 5 Chinese provinces. From these samples, we obtained 98 isolates of P. aeruginosa that belonged to 5 serotypes: G (n = 58), I (n = 15), C (n = 8), M (n = 5), and B (n = 2); 10 isolates were not typeable (10/98). More than 90% of the isolates formed biofilms, and 85% produced slime. All 98 isolates were resistant to 10 antibiotics (oxacillin, ampicillin, penicillin G, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, cefazolin, cefaclor, tilmicosin, tildipirosin, and sulfonamide). However, almost all were susceptible to gentamicin, polymyxin B, and amikacin. We identified 56 unique genotypes by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. These findings have revealed genetic diversity and high antimicrobial resistance in P. aeruginosa isolated from mink with hemorrhagic pneumonia and will facilitate the prevention and control of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongda Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Microorganisms in Animals, South China Agricultural University, 483 WuShan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China (Zhao, Li, Fang, Huang); Qingdao Yebio Biological Engineering Company Ltd., Qingdao, China (Guo)
| | - Lili Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Microorganisms in Animals, South China Agricultural University, 483 WuShan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China (Zhao, Li, Fang, Huang); Qingdao Yebio Biological Engineering Company Ltd., Qingdao, China (Guo)
| | - Jie Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Microorganisms in Animals, South China Agricultural University, 483 WuShan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China (Zhao, Li, Fang, Huang); Qingdao Yebio Biological Engineering Company Ltd., Qingdao, China (Guo)
| | - Binghu Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Microorganisms in Animals, South China Agricultural University, 483 WuShan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China (Zhao, Li, Fang, Huang); Qingdao Yebio Biological Engineering Company Ltd., Qingdao, China (Guo)
| | - Xianhui Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Microorganisms in Animals, South China Agricultural University, 483 WuShan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China (Zhao, Li, Fang, Huang); Qingdao Yebio Biological Engineering Company Ltd., Qingdao, China (Guo)
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Abstract
Feline hepatic lipidosis (FHL) is a common and potentially fatal liver disorder. Although the pathophysiologic mechanisms of FHL remain elusive, there is an imbalance between the influx of fatty acids from peripheral fat stores into the liver, de novo liposynthesis, and the rate of hepatic oxidation and dispersal of hepatic TAG via excretion of very-low density lipoproteins. The diagnosis of FHL is based on anamnestic, clinical, and clinicopathologic findings, associated with diagnostic imaging of the liver, and cytology, or histological examination of liver biopsies. Fluid therapy, electrolyte correction and adequate early nutrition are essential components of the therapy for FHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Valtolina
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Robert P Favier
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Bahl MI, Hammer AS, Clausen T, Jakobsen A, Skov S, Andresen L. The gastrointestinal tract of farmed mink (Neovison vison) maintains a diverse mucosa-associated microbiota following a 3-day fasting period. Microbiologyopen 2017; 6. [PMID: 28093882 PMCID: PMC5458460 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is well documented that the gut microbiota plays an important role in health and disease in mammalian species, this area has been poorly studied among carnivorous animals, especially within the mustelidae family. The gastrointestinal tract of carnivores is characterized by its short length and fast transit time, as compared to omnivores and herbivores, which is due to the low level of inherent fermentation. Mink represents an example of this, which have a GI tract only four times the length of the body and a transit time of approximately 4-5 hr. In this study, we used high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing to explore the resident gut microbiota of the mink in terms of intra-and interindividual diversity. We report, for the first time, that the mucosa-associated bacterial community within the colon is diverse and dissimilar from the community found in the feed. We found large interindividual differences in bacterial composition between individual animals being dominated generally by the phylum Firmicutes, but in some cases also Proteobacteria or Fusobacteria. The bacterial load and community structure within the mucus was not severely impacted by 3 days of fasting, which implies that a resident and stable microbiota is hosted by these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin I Bahl
- Division of Diet, Disease prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Anne S Hammer
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Tove Clausen
- Danish Fur Breeders Research Centre, Holstebro, Denmark
| | - Anabelle Jakobsen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Søren Skov
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lars Andresen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Wilson DJ, Baldwin TJ, Whitehouse CH, Hullinger G. Causes of mortality in farmed mink in the Intermountain West, North America. J Vet Diagn Invest 2015; 27:470-5. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638715586438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary causes of mortality were identified in postmortem examination of 339 (90.9%) of 373 farmed mink ( Neovison vison; syn. Mustela vison) from January 2009 through June 2014 at the Utah Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Logan, Utah). Mink were raised under farm conditions in the Intermountain West in North America, except for 1 submission of mink from Wisconsin. In the 339 mink where cause(s) of death were established, 311 (91.7%) died from a single disease or condition, whereas 28 (8.3%) had 2 diseases or conditions contributing to death. Where cause(s) of death were evident, 11 diseases accounted for 321 (94.7%) of the diagnoses: bacterial pneumonia (67, 18.8%), Aleutian mink disease (61, 17.7%), mink viral enteritis (56, 16.2%), hepatic lipidosis (28, 8.1%), nutritional myopathy (24, 7%), bacterial enterocolitis (17, 4.9%), bacterial septicemia (16, 4.6%), starvation (15, 4.3%), epizootic catarrhal gastroenteritis of mink (14, 4.1%), pancreatitis (13, 3.8%), and bacterial metritis (10, 2.9%). In 34 (9.1%) animals, a cause of death was not evident. In an additional 16 (4.3%) of the mink, botulism was suspected from clinical history but could not be confirmed by laboratory testing. Control measures for the most common causes of death in farmed mink include testing and removal of positive animals (Aleutian mink disease), vaccination ( Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia, mink viral enteritis), avoidance of obesity in mink (hepatic lipidosis), and environmental management, including maintaining clean water cups, floors, feed troughs, cages, feed silos, feed truck tires, workers’ shoes, dining areas for farm personnel, leather mink handling gloves, street clothes, and coveralls.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Wilson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT (Wilson, Baldwin, Whitehouse)
- Utah Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Logan, UT (Hullinger)
| | - Thomas J. Baldwin
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT (Wilson, Baldwin, Whitehouse)
- Utah Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Logan, UT (Hullinger)
| | - Chelsea H. Whitehouse
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT (Wilson, Baldwin, Whitehouse)
- Utah Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Logan, UT (Hullinger)
| | - Gordon Hullinger
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT (Wilson, Baldwin, Whitehouse)
- Utah Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Logan, UT (Hullinger)
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Evidence of endoplasmic reticulum stress and liver inflammation in the American mink Neovison vison with benign hepatic steatosis. J Comp Physiol B 2014; 184:913-27. [PMID: 25079677 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-014-0845-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the presence of inflammatory signs in the progression of fatty liver disease induced by fasting. Sixty standard black American mink (Neovison vison) were fasted for 0, 1, 3, 5, or 7 days and one group for 7 days followed by re-feeding for 28 days. Liver sections were evaluated histologically and liver mRNA levels indicating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, adipogenic transformation, and inflammation were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. After 3 days of fasting, the mink had developed moderate liver steatosis. Increased hyaluronan reactivity in lymphocytic foci but no Mallory-Denk bodies were seen in livers of the mink fasted for 5-7 days. Up-regulation of glucose-regulated protein, 78 kDa was observed on day 7 indicating ER stress, especially in the females. Liver lipoprotein lipase and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 mRNA levels increased in response to 5-7 days of food deprivation, while tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) was the highest in the mink fasted for 5 days. The expression of the genes of interest, except for TNF-α, correlated with each other and with the liver fat content. The mRNA levels were found to change more rapidly below n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio threshold of 0.15. Following re-feeding, hepatocyte morphology and mRNA abundance returned to pre-fasting levels. Within the studied timeframe, evidence for ER stress, adipogenic transformation, and liver inflammation suggested incipient transition from steatosis to steatohepatitis with potential for development of more severe liver disease. This may present a possibility to influence disease progression before histologically observable steatohepatitis.
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