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Kumar S, Pauline G, Vindal V. NetVA: an R package for network vulnerability and influence analysis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38234040 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2303607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
In biological network analysis, identifying key molecules plays a decisive role in the development of potential diagnostic and therapeutic candidates. Among various approaches of network analysis, network vulnerability analysis is quite important, as it assesses significant associations between topological properties and the functional essentiality of a network. Similarly, some node centralities are also used to screen out key molecules. Among these node centralities, escape velocity centrality (EVC), and its extended version (EVC+) outperform others, viz., Degree, Betweenness, and Clustering coefficient. Keeping this in mind, we aimed to develop a first-of-its-kind R package named NetVA, which analyzes networks to identify key molecular players (individual proteins and protein pairs/triplets) through network vulnerability and EVC+-based approaches. To demonstrate the application and relevance of our package in network analysis, previously published and publicly available protein-protein interactions (PPIs) data of human breast cancer were analyzed. This resulted in identifying some most important proteins. These included essential proteins, non-essential proteins, hubs, and bottlenecks, which play vital roles in breast cancer development. Thus, the NetVA package, available at https://github.com/kr-swapnil/NetVA with a detailed tutorial to download and use, assists in predicting potential candidates for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes by exploring various topological features of a disease-specific PPIs network.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Grace Pauline
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vaibhav Vindal
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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Cuevas-Zuviría B, Fer E, Adam ZR, Kaçar B. The modular biochemical reaction network structure of cellular translation. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2023; 9:52. [PMID: 37884541 PMCID: PMC10603163 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-023-00315-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Translation is an essential attribute of all living cells. At the heart of cellular operation, it is a chemical information decoding process that begins with an input string of nucleotides and ends with the synthesis of a specific output string of peptides. The translation process is interconnected with gene expression, physiological regulation, transcription, and responses to signaling molecules, among other cellular functions. Foundational efforts have uncovered a wealth of knowledge about the mechanistic functions of the components of translation and their many interactions between them, but the broader biochemical connections between translation, metabolism and polymer biosynthesis that enable translation to occur have not been comprehensively mapped. Here we present a multilayer graph of biochemical reactions describing the translation, polymer biosynthesis and metabolism networks of an Escherichia coli cell. Intriguingly, the compounds that compose these three layers are distinctly aggregated into three modes regardless of their layer categorization. Multimodal mass distributions are well-known in ecosystems, but this is the first such distribution reported at the biochemical level. The degree distributions of the translation and metabolic networks are each likely to be heavy-tailed, but the polymer biosynthesis network is not. A multimodal mass-degree distribution indicates that the translation and metabolism networks are each distinct, adaptive biochemical modules, and that the gaps between the modes reflect evolved responses to the functional use of metabolite, polypeptide and polynucleotide compounds. The chemical reaction network of cellular translation opens new avenues for exploring complex adaptive phenomena such as percolation and phase changes in biochemical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Cuevas-Zuviría
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Evrim Fer
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Zachary R Adam
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Geosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Betül Kaçar
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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Kumar S, Vindal V. Architecture and topologies of gene regulatory networks associated with breast cancer, adjacent normal, and normal tissues. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:324. [PMID: 37878223 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Most cancer studies employ adjacent normal tissues to tumors (ANTs) as controls, which are not completely normal and represent a pre-cancerous state. However, the regulatory landscape of ANTs compared to tumor and non-tumor-bearing normal tissues is largely unexplored. Among cancers, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and a leading cause of death in women worldwide, with a lack of sufficient treatment regimens for various reasons. Hence, we aimed to gain deeper insights into normal, pre-cancerous, and cancerous regulatory systems of breast tissues towards identifying ANT and subtype-specific candidate genes. For this, we constructed and analyzed eight gene regulatory networks (GRNs), including five subtypes (viz., Basal, Her2, Luminal A, Luminal B, and Normal-Like), one ANT, and two normal tissue networks. Whereas several topological properties of these GRNs enabled us to identify tumor-related features of ANT, escape velocity centrality (EVC+) identified 24 functionally significant common genes, including well-known genes such as E2F1, FOXA1, JUN, BRCA1, GATA3, ERBB2, and ERBB3 across all six tissues including subtypes and ANT. Similarly, the EVC+ also helped us to identify tissue-specific key genes (Basal: 18, Her2: 6, Luminal A: 5, Luminal B: 5, Normal-Like: 2, and ANT: 7). Additionally, differentially correlated switching gene pairs along with functional, pathway, and disease annotations highlighted the cancer-associated role of these genes. In a nutshell, the present study revealed ANT and subtype-specific regulatory features and key candidate genes, which can be explored further using in vitro and in vivo experiments for better and effective disease management at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Vaibhav Vindal
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
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Bhat M, Pasini E, Pastrello C, Rahmati S, Angeli M, Kotlyar M, Ghanekar A, Jurisica I. Integrative analysis of layers of data in hepatocellular carcinoma reveals pathway dependencies. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:94-108. [PMID: 33584989 PMCID: PMC7856865 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i1.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The broader use of high-throughput technologies has led to improved molecular characterization of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
AIM To comprehensively analyze and characterize all publicly available genomic, gene expression, methylation, miRNA and proteomic data in HCC, covering 85 studies and 3355 patient sample profiles, to identify the key dysregulated genes and pathways they affect.
METHODS We collected and curated all well-annotated and publicly available high-throughput datasets from PubMed and Gene Expression Omnibus derived from human HCC tissue. Comprehensive pathway enrichment analysis was performed using pathDIP for each data type (genomic, gene expression, methylation, miRNA and proteomic), and the overlap of pathways was assessed to elucidate pathway dependencies in HCC.
RESULTS We identified a total of 8733 abstracts retrieved by the search on PubMed on HCC for the different layers of data on human HCC samples, published until December 2016. The common key dysregulated pathways in HCC tissue across different layers of data included epidermal growth factor (EGFR) and β1-integrin pathways. Genes along these pathways were significantly and consistently dysregulated across the different types of high-throughput data and had prognostic value with respect to overall survival. Using CTD database, estradiol would best modulate and revert these genes appropriately.
CONCLUSION By analyzing and integrating all available high-throughput genomic, transcriptomic, miRNA, methylation and proteomic data from human HCC tissue, we identified EGFR, β1-integrin and axon guidance as pathway dependencies in HCC. These are master regulators of key pathways in HCC, such as the mTOR, Ras/Raf/MAPK and p53 pathways. The genes implicated in these pathways had prognostic value in HCC, with Netrin and Slit3 being novel proteins of prognostic importance to HCC. Based on this integrative analysis, EGFR, and β1-integrin are master regulators that could serve as potential therapeutic targets in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamatha Bhat
- Multi Organ transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto M5G2N2, Canada
| | - Elisa Pasini
- Multi Organ transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto M5G2N2, Canada
| | - Chiara Pastrello
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health NetworkandKrembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Sara Rahmati
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health NetworkandKrembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Marc Angeli
- Multi Organ transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto M5G2N2, Canada
| | - Max Kotlyar
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health NetworkandKrembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Anand Ghanekar
- Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health NetworkandKrembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto M5T 0S8, Canada
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto M5T 0S8, Canada
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An O, Dall'Olio GM, Mourikis TP, Ciccarelli FD. NCG 5.0: updates of a manually curated repository of cancer genes and associated properties from cancer mutational screenings. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 44:D992-9. [PMID: 26516186 PMCID: PMC4702816 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Network of Cancer Genes (NCG, http://ncg.kcl.ac.uk/) is a manually curated repository of cancer genes derived from the scientific literature. Due to the increasing amount of cancer genomic data, we have introduced a more robust procedure to extract cancer genes from published cancer mutational screenings and two curators independently reviewed each publication. NCG release 5.0 (August 2015) collects 1571 cancer genes from 175 published studies that describe 188 mutational screenings of 13 315 cancer samples from 49 cancer types and 24 primary sites. In addition to collecting cancer genes, NCG also provides information on the experimental validation that supports the role of these genes in cancer and annotates their properties (duplicability, evolutionary origin, expression profile, function and interactions with proteins and miRNAs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer An
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE11UL, UK
| | | | - Thanos P Mourikis
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE11UL, UK
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