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Patel T, Patel V. Thiazolidinediones: Recent Development in Analytical Methodologies. J Chromatogr Sci 2023:bmad058. [PMID: 37539627 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmad058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The instrumental analytical methods that have been developed and utilized for the determination of thiazolidinedione in bulk medications, formulations and biological fluids have been reviewed after an in-depth analysis of the literature published in a variety of analytical and pharmaceutical chemistry-related journals. The approaches covered by this research, which covers the years 2001-2022, include complex methods for analysis, chromatographic techniques and spectrometric analytical procedures. The mobile phase, flow rate, sample matrix, wavelength and other factors identified in the literature were just a few of the parameters used to evaluate thiazolidinediones. The present review focuses on the published analytical techniques for thiazolidinedione analysis that have been previously identified in the literature. The specified outcomes followed extensive learning, and the most recent advances in analytical methods for the identification of pioglitazone, pioglitazone HCl, rosiglitazone, rosiglitazone maleate and lobeglitazone were reviewed. Additionally, this article briefly discusses features of analytical discovery on thiazolidinediones, which will enable readers to access all discoveries in one place with precise outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarang Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Charusat Campus, Changa 388 421, Gujarat, India
| | - Vatsal Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Sardar Patel Education Campus, SPEC Campus, Vidyanagar-Vadtal Road Bakrol 388 315, Gujarat, India
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Ghoniem NS, Hussien EM, Atta MY, Hegazy MA. Spectrophotometric methods for determination of glimepiride and pioglitazone hydrochloride mixture and application in their pharmaceutical formulation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 270:120745. [PMID: 34972054 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Simple, accurate, and precise four spectrophotometric methods were developed and validated for simultaneous determination of glimepiride and pioglitazone hydrochloride in their pharmaceutical formulation. The first spectrophotometric method was the dual-wavelength which determined glimepiride at 219.0 and 228.0 nm and pioglitazone hydrochloride at 268.0 nm. The second one is the first derivative of ratio spectra (DD1) spectrophotometry in which the peak amplitudes were used at 238.0 nm and 268.0 nm for glimepiride and pioglitazone hydrochloride, respectively. The third method is ratio subtraction in which glimepiride was determined at 228.0 nm in the presence of pioglitazone hydrochloride which was determined by extended ratio subtraction at 268.0 nm. The fourth method was the ratio difference to determine glimepiride and pioglitazone hydrochloride. Beer's law was confirmed in the concentration range 2.50-15.00 µg mL-1, and 10.00-50.00 µg mL-1 for glimepiride and pioglitazone respectively for the four methods. The proposed methods were used to determine both drugs in their pure powdered form with mean percentage recoveries of 99.91 ± 1.117% for glimepiride and 99.76 ± 0.911% for pioglitazone hydrochloride in method (A). In method (B), the mean percentage recoveries were 100.12 ± 0.89% for glimepiride and 100.02 ± 1.06% for pioglitazone hydrochloride. In method (C) glimepiride was 100.01 ± 0.592% and 99.85 ± 0.845% for pioglitazone hydrochloride by extended ratio subtraction. And finally, in method (D) the mean percentage recoveries were 100.66 ± 0.670% for glimepiride and 99.92 ± 0.988% for pioglitazone hydrochloride. The developed methods were successfully applied for the determination of glimepiride and pioglitazone hydrochloride in pure powder and dosage form. The suggested methods were also used to determine both compounds in laboratory-prepared mixtures. The accuracy, precision, and linearity ranges of the developed methods were determined. The results obtained were compared statistically with the official method, and there was no significant difference between the proposed methods and the official method for accuracy and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermine S Ghoniem
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Emad M Hussien
- National Organization for Drug Control & Research (NODCAR), Egyptian Drug Authority, Giza 12311, Egypt
| | - Madonna Y Atta
- National Organization for Drug Control & Research (NODCAR), Egyptian Drug Authority, Giza 12311, Egypt
| | - Maha A Hegazy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini Street, 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
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Garikapati KK, Kiran AVVVR, Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy P, S T N, B B, Nagappan K. Quantification of rosiglitazone in rat plasma and tissues via LC-MS/MS - method development, validation, and its application in pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution studies. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5326. [PMID: 34993979 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A bioanalytical method for the quantification of rosiglitazone on rat plasma and tissues (adipose tissue, heart, brain, bone, and kidney) using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed and validated. Chromatographic separation was achieved on Gemini C18 column (50mm x 4.6mm, 3μm) using mobile phase consists of 10mM ammonium formate (pH 4.0) and acetonitrile (10:90, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min and injection volume of 10μL (Internal standard - Pioglitazone). LC-MS detection was performed with multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM) using target ions at m/z→358.0 and m/z → 357.67 for rosiglitazone and pioglitazone (IS) respectively. The calibration curve showed a good correlation coefficient (r2 ) over the concentration range of 1-10000 ng/mL. The mean percentage recoveries of rosiglitazone were found to be over the range of 92.54-96.64 % with detection and lower quantification limit of 0.6 ng/mL and 1.0 ng/mL, respectively. The developed method was validated as per USFDA guidelines and successfully utilized to measure rosiglitazone in plasma and tissue samples. Further, the developed method can be utilized for validating specific organ targeting delivery systems of rosiglitazone in addition to conventional dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusuma Kumari Garikapati
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research) Ooty, Nilgiris, India
| | - Ammu V V V Ravi Kiran
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research) Ooty, Nilgiris, India
| | | | - Narenderan S T
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research) Ooty, Nilgiris, India
| | - Babu B
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research) Ooty, Nilgiris, India
| | - Krishnaveni Nagappan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research) Ooty, Nilgiris, India
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Hanif M, Khan HU, Maheen S, Shafqat SS, Shah S, Masood SA, Abbas G, Rizwan M, Rasheed T, Bilal M. Formulation, characterization, and pharmacokinetic evaluation of Ivabradine-Nebivolol co-encapsulated lipospheres. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Basahih TS, Alamoudi AA, El-Say KM, Alhakamy NA, Ahmed OAA. Improved Transmucosal Delivery of Glimepiride via Unidirectional Release Buccal Film Loaded With Vitamin E TPGS-Based Nanocarrier. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820945164. [PMID: 32782450 PMCID: PMC7401050 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820945164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Glimepiride (GMD) is a hypoglycemic agent that has variation in bioavailability for its unexpected absorption. Glimepiride was formulated in a buccal film loaded with a nanobased formulation to enhance its absorption via buccal mucosa. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and d-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate-based micelles enhance GMD solubility and improve its permeation through the buccal mucosa. The formulation variables were optimized using a Box-Behnken design. These factors, such as the percent of micelles relative to NLC (X1), the percent of Carbopol (X2), and the percent of permeation enhancer (X3), were investigated for their effect on the initial release (Y1) and the cumulative release after 6 hours (Y2). The optimum levels for X1, X2, and X3 were 100%, 0.05%, and 1.8%, respectively. The optimized formulation revealed that the permeation of GMD from the film was in favor of micelles. This optimized film was then coated with ethyl cellulose to direct the release only through the buccal mucosa. The optimized unidirectional GMD transmucosal film showed a release of 93.9% of GMD content at 6 hours compared to 60.41% of GMD release from the raw GMD film. This finding confirmed the suitability of transmucosal delivery of GMD via the buccal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani S. Basahih
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A. Alamoudi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M. El-Say
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A. A. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Osama A. A. Ahmed, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Abstract
Recently, high demand of high-throughput analyses with high sensitivity and selectivity to molecules and drugs in different classes with different physical-chemical properties—and a reduction in analysis time—is a principal milestone for novel methodologies that researchers are trying to achieve—especially when analytical procedures are applied to clinical purposes. In addition, to avoid high doses of a single drug that could cause serious side effects, multi-drug therapies are often used to treat numerous diseases. For these reasons, the demand for methods that allow the rapid analysis of mixed compounds has increased in recent years. In order to respond to these needs, new methods and instruments have been developed. However, often the complexity of a matrix can require a long time for the preparation and processing of the samples. Different problems in terms of components, types of matrices, compounds and physical-chemical complexity are encountered when considering drugs association profiles for quantitative analyses. This review addresses not only recently optimized procedures such as chromatographic separation, but also methods that have allowed us to obtain accuracy (precision and trueness), sensitivity and selectivity in quantitative analyses for cases of drug associations.
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Pogrmic-Majkic K, Kosanin G, Samardzija Nenadov D, Fa S, Stanic B, Trninic Pjevic A, Andric N. Rosiglitazone increases expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and progesterone production through PPARγ–EGFR–ERK1/2 in human cumulus granulosa cells. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019; 31:1647-1656. [DOI: 10.1071/rd19108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which rosiglitazone (ROSI: a thiazolidinedione (TZD)) affects steroid production in undifferentiated human granulosa cells is not known. In this study, cultured human cumulus granulosa cells were exposed to ROSI and pharmacological inhibitors of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) signalling pathways. Expression of progesterone biosynthetic enzymes, PPARγ and PPARα, progesterone production and ERK1/2 activation were analysed. After 48h, 30μM ROSI increased STAR, 3βHSD and PPARγ mRNA and elevated progesterone production in human cumulus granulosa cells. Addition of ERK1/2 (U0126), EGFR (AG1478) and PPARγ (GW9662) inhibitors prevented the ROSI-induced STAR mRNA expression and progesterone production after 48h. Inhibition of PPARγ, but not EGFR or ERK1/2, decreased the PPARγ mRNA levels induced by ROSI in human cumulus granulosa cells after 48h. On the other hand, U0126 and GW9662 prevented the ROSI-induced increase in PPARγ transcripts after 6h. Western blot analysis showed that ROSI induced a rapid ERK1/2 activation, which was prevented by inhibition of ERK1/2, EGFR and PPARγ in human cumulus granulosa cells. Overall, these data suggested that PPARγ, EGFR and ERK1/2 were involved in the stimulatory effect of ROSI on STAR expression and progesterone production in undifferentiated human cumulus granulosa cells.
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Ahmed TA, Suhail MAA, Hosny KM, Abd-Allah FI. Clinical pharmacokinetic study for the effect of glimepiride matrix tablets developed by quality by design concept. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 44:66-81. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1371740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tarek A. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad A. A. Suhail
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled M. Hosny
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Fathy I. Abd-Allah
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Fachi MM, Leonart LP, Cerqueira LB, Pontes FLD, de Campos ML, Pontarolo R. A systematic and critical review on bioanalytical method validation using the example of simultaneous quantitation of antidiabetic agents in blood. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1055-1056:61-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Kurakula M, Ahmed OAA, Fahmy UA, Ahmed TA. Solid lipid nanoparticles for transdermal delivery of avanafil: optimization, formulation, in-vitro and ex-vivo studies. J Liposome Res 2016; 26:288-96. [PMID: 26784833 DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2015.1117490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Avanafil (AVA) is used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction, but is reported for its poor aqueous solubility. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are lipid carriers that can greatly enhance drug solubility and bioavailability. OBJECTIVE This work was aimed to formulate and optimize AVA SLNs with subsequent loading into hydrogel films for AVA transdermal delivery. MATERIALS AND METHODS AVA SLNs were prepared utilizing homogenization followed by ultra-sonication technique. The prepared SLNs were characterized for particle size, charge, surface morphology and drug content. The optimized SLNs formulation was incorporated into transdermal films prepared using HPMC and chitosan. Hydrogel films were evaluated for ex-vivo rat skin permeation using automated Franz diffusion cells. The permeation parameters and the release mechanism were evaluated. The transdermal permeation of the prepared AVA SLNs through the skin layers was studied using confocal laser scanning microscope. RESULTS Lipid concentration and % of oil in lipid had a pronounced effect on particle size while, entrapment efficiency was significantly affected by lipid concentration and % of cholesterol. The optimized AVA SLNs showed particle size and entrapment efficiency of 86 nm and 85.01%, respectively. TEM images revealed spherecity of the particles. High permeation parameters were observed from HPMC films loaded with AVA SLNs. The release data were in favor of Higuchi diffusion model. The prepared AVA SLNs were able to penetrate deeper in skin layers. CONCLUSION HPMC transdermal film-loaded AVA SLNs is an effective and alternative to per-oral drug administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallesh Kurakula
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy , Faculty of Pharmacy, Advanced Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology Lab, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia .,b Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science, Polymer Research Lab, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A A Ahmed
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy , Faculty of Pharmacy, Advanced Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology Lab, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia .,c Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy , Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University , Minia , Egypt , and
| | - Usama A Fahmy
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy , Faculty of Pharmacy, Advanced Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology Lab, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek A Ahmed
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy , Faculty of Pharmacy, Advanced Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology Lab, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia .,d Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy , Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
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Dash RN, Mohammed H, Humaira T. An integrated Taguchi and response surface methodological approach for the optimization of an HPLC method to determine glimepiride in a supersaturatable self-nanoemulsifying formulation. Saudi Pharm J 2016; 24:92-103. [PMID: 26903773 PMCID: PMC4720010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the application of Taguchi orthogonal array (TOA) design during the development of an isocratic stability indicating HPLC method for glimepiride as per TOA design; twenty-seven experiments were conducted by varying six chromatographic factors. Percentage of organic phase was the most significant (p < 0.001) on retention time, while buffer pH had the most significant (p < 0.001) effect on tailing factor and theoretical plates. TOA design has shortcoming, which identifies the only linear effect, while ignoring the quadratic and interaction effects. Hence, a response surface model for each response was created including the linear, quadratic and interaction terms. The developed models for each response found to be well predictive bearing an acceptable adjusted correlation coefficient (0.9152 for retention time, 0.8985 for tailing factor and 0.8679 for theoretical plates). The models were found to be significant (p < 0.001) having a high F value for each response (15.76 for retention time, 13.12 for tailing factor and 9.99 for theoretical plates). The optimal chromatographic condition uses acetonitrile - potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 4.0; 30 mM) (50:50, v/v) as the mobile phase. The temperature, flow rate and injection volume were selected as 35 ± 2 °C, 1.0 mL min(-1) and 20 μL respectively. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines and was found to be specific for analyzing glimepiride from a novel supersaturatable self-nanoemulsifying formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Narayan Dash
- Alliance Institute of Advanced Pharmaceutical & Health Sciences, Plot No. 64, Survey No. 145, Sardar Patel Nagar, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500 072, Telangana, India
| | - Habibuddin Mohammed
- Adept Pharma and Bioscience Excellence Private Limited, Corporate Office: 10-3-561/3/A/102, Vijayanagar Colony, Hyderabad 500057, Telangana, India
| | - Touseef Humaira
- Adept Pharma and Bioscience Excellence Private Limited, Corporate Office: 10-3-561/3/A/102, Vijayanagar Colony, Hyderabad 500057, Telangana, India
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An UPLC–MS/MS method for the analysis of glimepiride and fluoxetine in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 980:16-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Simultaneous determination of oral antidiabetic drugs in human plasma using microextraction by packed sorbent and high-performance liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 96:241-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Ahmed OAA, Afouna MI, El-Say KM, Abdel-Naim AB, Khedr A, Banjar ZM. Optimization of self-nanoemulsifying systems for the enhancement of in vivo hypoglycemic efficacy of glimepiride transdermal patches. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:1005-13. [PMID: 24702435 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.906402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To optimize and use of glimepiride (GMD)-loaded self-nanoemulsifying delivery systems (SNEDs) for the preparation of transdermal patches. METHODS Mixture design was utilized to optimize GMD-loaded SNEDs in acidic and aqueous pH media. Optimized GMD-loaded SNEDs were used in the preparation of chitosan (acidic) and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) (aqueous) films. The prepared optimized formulations were investigated for ex vivo skin permeation, for in vivo hypoglycemic activity and for their pharmacokinetic parameters using animal model. RESULTS The optimized formulations showed flux value of (2.88 and 4.428 μg/cm(2)/h) through rat skin for chitosan and HPMC films, respectively. The pattern of GMD release from both formulations was in favor of Higuchi and approaching zero order models. The n values for Korsmeyer-Peppas equation were characteristic of anomalous (non-Fickian) release mechanism. Moreover, HPMC patches have shown significant reductions (p < 0.05) in blood glucose levels; (213.33 ± 15.19) mg/100 ml from the base-line measurement after 12 h of application. CONCLUSIONS Optimized GMD SNEDs patches were found to improve GMD skin permeability and the essential pharmacokinetic parameters. Further extensive pre/clinical studies are necessary prior to use transdermal GMD as a valuable alternative to peroral dosage forms with improved bioavailability, longer duration of action and more patient convenience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A A Ahmed
- King Abdulaziz University, Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Jeddah-21589 , Saudi Arabia +966 599120686 ; +966 26951696 ; ,
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Wang Z, Wang L, Xia M, Ji Y, Xu RA. WITHDRAWN: Simultaneous determination of glimepiride and fluoxetine in human plasma by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Haq N, Alanazi FK, Alsarra IA, Shakeel F. Rapid Analysis of Glibenclamide Using an Environmentally Benign Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2014; 13:863-72. [PMID: 25276186 PMCID: PMC4177646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
An environmentally benign RP-HPLC approach for rapid analysis of glibenclamide in pure form, developed nanoemulsion and commercial tablets was developed and validated in present investigation. The green chromatographic identification was performed on Lichrosphere 250 X 4.0 mm RP C8 column having a 5 μm packing as a stationary phase using a combination of ethanol: methanol (50:50 % v/v) as a mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with UV detection at 245 nm. The proposed method was validated for linearity, selectivity, accuracy, precision, robustness, sensitivity and specificity as per international conference on harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The utility of proposed method was verified by assay of glibenclamide in developed nanoemulsion and commercial tablets. The proposed method was found to be satisfactory in terms of selectivity, precision, accuracy, robustness, sensitivity and specificity. The content of glibenclamide in developed nanoemulsion and commercial tablets was found to be 100.50 % and 99.15 % respectively. The proposed method successfully resoled glibenclamide peak in the presence of its all type of degradation products which indicated stability-indicating property of the proposed method. These results indicated that the green chromatographic method could be successfully employed for routine analysis of glibenclamide in pure drug and various commercial formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazrul Haq
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research (CEBR), King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fars Kaed Alanazi
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research (CEBR), King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industry, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ibrahim Abdullah Alsarra
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research (CEBR), King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Faiyaz Shakeel
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research (CEBR), King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia.
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