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Qin Y, Gao W, Xu J, Ping L, Tong S, Liu B, Chu C. A simple and green offline-online capillary electrophoresis stacking strategy for the simultaneous determination of hydrophobic compounds in complicated samples using sodium dodecyl sulfate as the solubilizer and pseudophase. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1311:342736. [PMID: 38816165 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Capillary electrophoresis is a powerful analytical method featured with high separation efficiency, minimal sample requirements, and reduced organic solvents consumption. However, its low sensitivity hinders its wide application in determination of trace analytes especially for the weakly ionized hydrophobic compounds. Offline and Online capillary electrophoresis stacking methods are more favored to enhance detection sensitivity of analytes. The determination of two sesquiterpenes and an alkaloid from the dried root of Lindera aggregata merged as an example for developing a simple, sensitive and green method for the simultaneous determination of two hydrophobic compounds in complicated matrix samples. RESULTS An offline-online capillary electrophoresis stacking strategy by integrating micro matrix solid phase dispersion with field-amplified sample stacking and micelle to cyclodextrin stacking has been developed for the simultaneous determination of dehydrocostus lactone, linderane, norisoboldine in complex matrices. The optimized parameters were set at 65 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 35 % methanol, 180 s for sample injection and 210 s for cyclodextrin injection, 20 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate of sample matrix for online stacking; 1:1 sample to MCM-48, 180 s grinding time, and 1000 μL of 20 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate elution for offline procedure. Under the optimum conditions, the method showed good linearity with correlation coefficients (R2 ≥ 0.9927), low limits of detection within the range of 25-50 ng mL-1, satisfactory repeatability and reproducibility below 3.98 %, and acceptable recoveries between 94 % and 97 %. The developed method was successfully applied to two real samples, the root of L. aggregata and rat feces. SIGNIFICANCE Sodium dodecyl sulfate is firstly used as an eluent in micro matrix solid phase dispersion and plays a dual role throughout the analytical procedure, including extraction solvent in sample preparation and micelle pseudophase during online stacking. It brings great procedure convenience to the method. The sensitivity of this method can improve up to 1283-folds compared with the normal mode. Moreover, the overall strategy indicates satisfied green potential evaluated by greenness assessment tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Qin
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei Gao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jian Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Li Ping
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Shengqiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Biao Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Chu Chu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, PR China.
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Liu M, Lun J, Huang G, Zhu Y, Zhang W, Jin W, Ding Y, Liu S, Qu Q, Lv W, Guo S. Alpiniae oxyphyllae fructus improves production performance and egg quality of laying breeder hens by regulating reproductive hormones, antioxidant function, immunity and intestinal health. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103770. [PMID: 38652955 PMCID: PMC11063526 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alpiniae oxyphylla fructus was extensively utilized both as dietary supplements and traditional herbal medicines for healthcare functions and has exhibited a positive impact on animal health. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Alpiniae oxyphyllae fructus powder (AOP) on production performance, egg quality, egg yolk fatty acid composition, reproductive hormones, antioxidant capacity, immunity, anti-apoptosis ability, and intestinal health in hens. A total of 252 Hainan Wenchang laying hens (30-wk-old) were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates, a basic diet with 0 (CON), 1 g/kg AOP (AOP1), and 3 g/kg (AOP3) mixed AOP. The AOP supplementation was found to decrease the feed conversion ratio and embryo mortality but to increase the laying rate, average egg weight, and oviduct index linearly (p < 0.05). Furthermore, AOP treatment reduced the total saturated fatty acids and palmitic acid (C16:0) in the egg yolk while increasing eggshell strength, albumen height, and Haugh unit (p < 0.05). The serum levels of albumin and phosphorus were increased, whereas total cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose levels decreased as a result of AOP treatment (p < 0.05). The inclusion of 3 g/kg AOP had higher 17 β-estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone levels in serum, while it up-regulated follicle-stimulating hormone receptor and gonadotropin-releasing hormone expression in ovary (p < 0.05). Dietary AOP strengthened the expression of nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2 in ovary and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity, but had a lower malondialdehyde content in serum (p < 0.05). AOP at 3 g/kg up-regulated superoxide dismutase 1 and heme oxygenase 1 expression in jejunum and ovary (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, AOP supplementation down-regulated p53 expression in ovary and bcl-2-associated x expression in liver and jejunum, especially 3 g/kg of AOP had lower caspase-8 concentrations and down-regulated bcl-2-associated x and caspase-3 expression in ovary (p < 0.05). AOP treatment increased serum levels of immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin M and upregulated interleukin-4 expression in the liver, while decreasing interleukin-1β expression in liver and ovary and nod-like receptor protein 3 expression in jejunum (p < 0.05). Dietary AOP increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth but decreased crypt depth in jejunum, especially when 1 g/kg AOP increased expression levels of occludin, mucin-2, peptide-transporter 1, and sodium glucose cotransporter 1 in jejunum (p < 0.05). AOP treatment altered the composition of the cecal microbial community, as evidenced by increased abundance of Oscillospira and Phascolarctobacterium and reduced richness of Clostridiaceae_Clostridium. Dietary AOP supplementation enriched lipid, amino acid, and propanoate metabolism. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that the genera Oscillospira, Blautia, and Megasphaera were related to laying performance and intestinal integrity. In brief, supplementation of AOP, especially at 3 g/kg, could improve production performance and egg quality of hens via modulating reproductive hormones, antioxidant capacity, immunity, intestinal barrier, and cecal microbiota. Overall, the present work recommends the dietary inclusion of AOP as a beneficial additive for improving the performance of hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianchi Lun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Gengxiong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yongqi Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wenxin Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yiqing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shilong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qian Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Weijie Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Technology Research center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shining Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Technology Research center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China; International Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Zhou S, Liu L, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Li H, Fan F, He J, Kang J, Zuo L. Integrated untargeted and targeted metabolomics to reveal therapeutic effect and mechanism of Alpiniae oxyphyllae fructus on Alzheimer's disease in APP/PS1 mice. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1104954. [PMID: 36712678 PMCID: PMC9873993 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1104954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Alpiniae oxyphyllae Fructus (AOF) has been abundantly utilized for the treatment of diarrhea, dyspepsia, kidney asthenia, and abdominal pain in China. AOF is effective for treating AD in clinical trials, but its exact mode of action is yet unknown. Methods: In this study, metabolomics was combined to ascertain the alterations in plasma metabolism in APP/PS1 transgenic mice, the therapy of AOF on model mice, and the dynamic variations in 15 bile acids (BAs) concentration. Results: 31 differential biomarkers were finally identified in APP/PS1 group vs. the WT group. The levels of 16 metabolites like sphinganine (Sa), lyso PE (20:2), lysoPC (17:0), glycocholic acid (GCA), deoxycholicacid (DCA) were increased in APP/PS1 group, and those of 15 metabolites like phytosphingosine, cer (d18:0/14:0), and fumaric acid were reduced in APP/PS1 group. After AOF treatment, 29 of the 31 differential metabolites showed a tendency to be back-regulated, and 15 metabolites were significantly back-regulated, including sphinganine (Sa), lyso PE (20:2), glycocholic acid (GCA), deoxycholic acid (DCA). The relationship between BAs level and AD had been received increasing attention in recent years, and we also found notable differences between DCA and GCA in different groups. Therefore, a BAs-targeted metabonomic way was established to determine the level of 15 bile acids in different groups. The consequence demonstrated that primary BAs (CA, CDCA) declined in APP/PS1 model mice. After 3 months of AOF administration, CA and CDCA levels showed an upward trend. Conjugated primary bile acids (TCA, GCA, TCDCA, GCDCA), and secondary bile acids (DCA, LCA, GDCA, TDCA, TLCA GLCA) ascended in APP/PS1 group. After 3 months of AOF treatment, the levels of most BAs decreased to varying degrees. Notably, the metabolic performance of DCA and GCA in different groups was consistent with the predictions of untargeted metabolomics, validating the correctness of untargeted metabolomics. Discussion: According to metabolic pathways of regulated metabolites, it was prompted that AOF ameliorated the symptom of AD mice probably by regulating bile acids metabolism. This study offers a solid foundation for further research into the AOF mechanism for the therapy of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liwei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhibo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hanbing Li
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Feng Fan
- Department of Neurointerventional radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiuming He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lihua Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,*Correspondence: Lihua Zuo,
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Hegazy MM, Afifi WM, Metwaly AM, Radwan MM, Abd-Elraouf M, Mehany ABM, Ahmed E, Enany S, Ezzeldin S, Ibrahim AE, El Deeb S, Mostafa AE. Antitrypanosomal, Antitopoisomerase-I, and Cytotoxic Biological Evaluation of Some African Plants Belonging to Crassulaceae; Chemical Profiling of Extract Using UHPLC/QTOF-MS/MS. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248809. [PMID: 36557948 PMCID: PMC9785725 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In our continuous study for some African plants as a source for antitrypanosomally and cytotoxic active drugs, nine different plants belonging to the Crassulaceae family have been selected for the present study. Sedum sieboldii leaves extract showed an antitrypanosomal activity against Trypanosoma brucei with an IC50 value of 8.5 µg/mL. In addition, they have cytotoxic activities against (HCT-116), (HEPG-2) and (MCF-7), with IC50 values of 28.18 ± 0.24, 22.05 ± 0.66, and 26.47 ± 0.85 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the extract displayed inhibition against Topoisomerase-1 with an IC50 value of 1.31 µg/mL. It showed the highest phenolics and flavonoids content among the other plants' extracts. In order to identify the secondary metabolites which may be responsible for such activities, profiling of the polar secondary metabolites of S. sieboldii extract via Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to High-Resolution QTOF-MS operated in negative and positive ionization modes, which revealed the presence of 46 metabolites, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, anthocyanidins, coumarin, and other metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M. Hegazy
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Wael M. Afifi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University—Kantara Branch, Ismailia 41636, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Metwaly
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Radwan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Muhamad Abd-Elraouf
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed B. M. Mehany
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Eman Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Research Program, Department of Basic Research, Children’s Cancer Hospital 57357, Cairo 11441, Egypt
| | - Shymaa Enany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Shahd Ezzeldin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Adel E. Ibrahim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa 616, Oman
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port-Said University, Port-Said 42511, Egypt
| | - Sami El Deeb
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa 616, Oman
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universitaet Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Ahmad E. Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
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Yeh HF, Li TF, Tsai CH, Wu PW, Huang YH, Huang WJ, Chen FJ, Hwang SJ, Chen FP, Wu TP. The effects of a Chinese herbal medicine (VGHBPH0) on patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: A pilot study. J Chin Med Assoc 2020; 83:967-971. [PMID: 32649417 PMCID: PMC7526580 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current Western medicine treatment options for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) have various degrees of documented effectiveness. However, the uses of these interventions are limited to specific patient populations or have certain side effects that interfere with patient quality of life. This study evaluated the clinical effects of a Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) on patients with BPH. METHODS This was a single-arm pilot study. Twenty BPH patients were enrolled, and they were required to take the investigated CHM three times a day for 8 weeks, along with their Western medicine. Patients returned to clinics as scheduled and completing international prostate symptoms scores (IPSS), aging male symptoms score, international index of erectile function, and body constitution questionnaire of traditional Chinese medicine. Uroflowmetry and sonography were also applied to evaluate the changes in urinary velocity and post-voiding residual urine volume from the baseline to the end of the study. RESULTS The mean IPSS total score was significantly decreased by 2.5 points after 8 weeks of treatment with the CHM (from 17.5 to 15.0, p = 0.03). The mean IPSS voiding subscore was decreased by 1.7 points (from 10.1 to 8.4, p = 0.02), and the mean incomplete emptying subscore was decreased by 0.8 points (from 2.9 to 2.1, p = 0.02), with both decreases being statistically significant. A descending trend in the post-voiding residual urine volume was also observed (from 52.9 to 30.8 mL, p = 0.07). CONCLUSION This trial indicated that the add-on CHM treatment (VGHBPH0) might be a potential treatment for improving the lower urinary tract symptoms of BPH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Fu Yeh
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Martin De Porres Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsai-Feng Li
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Hung Tsai
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Wen Wu
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Hsiu Huang
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - William J. Huang
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fun-Jou Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shinn-Jang Hwang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fang-Pey Chen
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Address correspondence. Dr. Fang-Pey Chen, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201, Section 2, Shi-Pai Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC. E-mail address: (F.-P. Chen)
| | - Ta-Peng Wu
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Address correspondence. Dr. Fang-Pey Chen, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201, Section 2, Shi-Pai Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC. E-mail address: (F.-P. Chen)
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Cassels BK, Fuentes-Barros G, Castro-Saavedra S. Boldo, Its Secondary Metabolites and their Derivatives. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083804666181113112928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Boldo leaves (Boldo folium, from Peumus boldus Mol.) are very frequently used as a medicinal herb in Chile and are exported to many countries to be used in teas or as extracts included in herbal remedies, primarily as an aid to digestion and as a mild sedative. Scientific support for these uses is scanty, and boldine, an alkaloid viewed as characteristic of the tree and present in high concentration in the bark, is extracted by specialized companies and sold as the supposed main active constituent. Consequently, boldine has been the subject of a considerable number of research papers, while some of the other alkaloids present to a greater extent in the leaves have been relatively neglected except when found in large amounts in other species. These studies range from assays of antioxidant activity to anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic and other medical applications. The essential oil, usually containing a large percentage of the toxic ascaridole, was once used as a vermifuge and is now regarded with caution, but is still of interest as a possible natural insecticide, fungicide, antiparasitic and herbicide. The last decade has seen an explosive increase in papers pointing to possible uses of boldo and its constituents. This review attempts to bring these publications together in a comprehensive way with the purpose of stimulating and orienting further research into the useful properties of this Chilean endemic tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce K. Cassels
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Wang J, Lian DW, Yang XF, Xu YF, Chen FJ, Lin WJ, Wang R, Tang LY, Ren WK, Fu LJ, Huang P, Cao HY. Suo Quan Wan Protects Mouse From Early Diabetic Bladder Dysfunction by Mediating Motor Protein Myosin Va and Transporter Protein SLC17A9. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:552. [PMID: 31178730 PMCID: PMC6543251 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effects of Suo Quan Wan (SQW), a traditional Chinese herbal formula, on the overactive bladder (OAB) of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mouse models, particularly on its function of mediating the gene and protein expression levels of myosin Va and SLC17A9. Materials and Methods: After 4 weeks high-fat diet (HFD) feeding, C57BL/6J mice were injected with streptozotocin (100 mg/kg) for four times. After 3 weeks, the diabetic mice were treated with SQW for another 3 weeks. Voided stain on paper assay, fasting blood glucose (FBG) test, and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were conducted. Urodynamic test, tension test [α,β-methylene ATP, electrical-field stimulation (EFS), KCl, and carbachol] and histomorphometry were also performed. Western blot analysis and qPCR assays were used to quantify the expression levels of myosin Va and SLC17A9. Results: The diabetic mice exhibited decreased weight but increased water intake, urine production, FBG, and OGTT. No significant changes were observed after 3 weeks SQW treatment. Urodynamic test indicated that the non-voiding contraction (NVC) frequency, maximum bladder capacity (MBC), residual volume (RV), and bladder compliance (BC) were remarkably increased in the diabetic mice, whereas the voided efficiency (VE) was decreased as a feature of overactivity. Compared with the model mice, SQW treatment significantly improved urodynamic urination with decreased NVC, MBC, RV, and BC, and increased VE. Histomorphometry results showed that the bladder wall of the diabetic mice thickened, and SQW effectively attenuated the pathological alterations. The contract responses of bladder strips to all stimulators were higher in the DSM strips of diabetic mice, whereas SQW treatment markedly decreased the contraction response for all stimuli. Moreover, the protein and gene expression levels of myosin Va and SLC17A9 were up-regulated in the bladders of diabetic mice, but SQW treatment restored such alterations. Conclusion: T2DM mice exhibited the early phase of diabetic bladder dysfunction (DBD) characterized by OAB and bladder dysfunction. SQW can improve the bladder storage and micturition of DBD mice by mediating the protein and gene expression levels of myosin Va and SLC17A9 in the bladder, instead of improving the blood glucose level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Da-Wei Lian
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Feng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Fei Xu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang-Jun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Jun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Yao Tang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Kang Ren
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Jun Fu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Dongguan and Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Cooperative Academy of Mathematical Engineering for Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, China
| | - Hong-Ying Cao
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Dongguan and Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Cooperative Academy of Mathematical Engineering for Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, China
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Wen Q, Li HL, Mai SY, Tan YF, Chen F. Tissue Distribution of Active Principles from Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus Extract: An Experimental Study in Rats. CURR PHARM ANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412914666180910102909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus (Yizhi in Chinese) have been widely used as an
herbal medicine for the treatment of diuresis, enuresis and diarrhea in China. Many studies have deciphered
some potential underlying mechanisms for its anti-diarrheal effects. However, tissue distribution
of Yizhi constituents is warranted because pharmacological receptors are frequently located in tissues.
Moreover, it is also interesting to know about the potential correlation between behavior in drug distribution
and the observed pharmacological response. The aim of this study is to investigate tissue distribution
behaviors of Yizhi constituents after oral administration of Yizhi extract to rats, focusing on 10
active principles.
Methods:
Twenty four male Sprague Dawley rats were given orally the Yizhi extract and fourteen tissue
samples were collected after being killed by bleeding from the abdominal aorta under ether anesthesia
at different time-points. The resulting tissues were excised and homogenized. Based on our previous
reports, liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to quantify
the target analytes, as well as phase II metabolites, in the various biosamples.
Results:
Almost all the targeted Yizhi active principles and some glucuronidated metabolites were
qualitatively measured in rat stomach, small intestine, large intestine, as well as liver. Nootkatone,
yakuchinone A and tectochrysin were observed in the rat brain. In other rat tissues, these analytes had
lower exposure or could not be detected. Consistently, quantitative analysis revealed that the Yizhi active
principles dominantly distributed into gastrointestinal tissues followed by liver, the overall exposure
levels ranking as follows: stomach > small intestine > large intestine > liver. Tissue concentrationtime
profiles of the test active principles in rat stomach, small intestine, and large intestine were bimodal
with two concentration peaks occurring at 0.5 and 4h after oral administration, respectively. The
exposure levels in rat kidney and bladder were quite low.
Conclusion:
The active principles of Yizhi were specially distributed into gastrointestinal tissues after
oral administration of its ethanol extract to rats. The tissue distribution behaviors partly supported its
anti-diarrheal effects from a pharmacokinetic opinion. This paper will be useful as the starting point for
studying the pharmacological activities of this traditional herb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Hai-Long Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Shi-Ying Mai
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Yin-Feng Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
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9
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Simultaneous assay of multiple antibiotics in human plasma by LC-MS/MS: importance of optimizing formic acid concentration. Bioanalysis 2017; 9:469-483. [PMID: 28176533 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Optimal dosing of antibiotics in critically ill patients is complicated by the development of resistant organisms requiring treatment with multiple antibiotics and alterations in systemic exposure due to diseases and extracorporeal drug removal. Developing guidelines for optimal antibiotic dosing is an important therapeutic goal requiring robust analytical methods to simultaneously measure multiple antibiotics. METHODS An LC-MS/MS assay using protein precipitation for cleanup followed by a 6-min gradient separation was developed to simultaneously determine five antibiotics in human plasma. RESULTS The precision and accuracy were within the 15% acceptance range. The formic acid concentration was an important determinant of signal intensity, peak shape and matrix effects. CONCLUSION The method was designed to be simple and successfully applied to a clinical pharmacokinetic study.
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10
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Liu YJ, Song GH, Liu G. Investigation of the effect of traditional Chinese medicine on pain and inflammation in chronic nonbacterial prostatitis in rats. Andrologia 2016; 48:714-22. [PMID: 26840892 DOI: 10.1111/and.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y.-J. Liu
- Department of Pathology; The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University; Urumuqi China
| | - G.-H. Song
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University; Urumuqi China
| | - G.T. Liu
- Department of Occupational Disease; The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University; Urumuqi China
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11
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Dihydro-5,6-dehydrokavain (DDK) from Alpinia zerumbet: Its Isolation, Synthesis, and Characterization. Molecules 2015; 20:16306-19. [PMID: 26370954 PMCID: PMC6332081 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200916306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dihydro-5,6-dehydrokavain (DDK) is the major and most promising component of the tropical plant Alpinia zerumbet (shell ginger), a species of the ginger family Zingiberaceae. Alpinia zerumbet is known for its human use as a traditional herbal medicine, food, and dietary supplement. With its α-lactone ring, DDK belongs to the large chemical group of kavalactones, which are also found in kava (Piper methysticum), another herbal medicine; DDK is characterized by a double-bond linkage at positions 5,6 and the absence of a double-bond linkage at positions 7,8. This dissociates DDK from other kavalactones with their linkages at positions 7,8 and 5,6 that are both either completely saturated or unsaturated, or may have an unsaturated bond at the position 7,8 as well as a saturated bond at the position 5,6. DDK is easily identified and quantified by HPLC and GC. DDK contents in fresh leaves, stems and rhizomes range from 80 to 410 mg/g, requiring solvent extraction procedures to ensure high DDK yield. This is best achieved by hexane extraction from fresh rhizomes that were previously boiled in water, allowing DDK yields of up to 424 mg/g. Successful synthesis of DDK can be achieved by asymmetric pathways, whereas its simple chemical structure facilitates the synthesis of DDK derivatives by HCl hydrolysis. Thus, all synthesized products may be used for various commercial purposes, including the potential development of promising antiobesity pharmaceutical drugs, preparation of specific and safe dietary supplements, and use as effective natural herbicides or fungicides.
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12
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Chen F, Tan YF, Li HL, Qin ZM, Cai HD, Lai WY, Zhang XP, Li YH, Guan WW, Li YB, Zhang JQ. Differential systemic exposure to galangin after oral and intravenous administration to rats. Chem Cent J 2015; 9:14. [PMID: 25873994 PMCID: PMC4395966 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-015-0092-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Galangin (3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone) is present in high concentrations in herbal medicine such as Alpinia officinarum Hance. Galangin shows multifaceted in vitro and in vivo biological activities. The number and position of hydroxyl groups in this molecule play an important role in these biological activities. However, these hydroxyl groups undergo glucuronidation and sulfation in in vitro assay system. However, the systemic exposure to galangin after dosing in animals and/or humans remains largely unknown. Thus it is not clear whether the galangin exists in the body at concentrations high enough for the biological effects. Furthermore, the metabolite identification and the corresponding plasma pharmacokinetics need to be characterized. Results Two LC-MS/MS methods were developed and validated and successfully applied to analyze the parent drug molecules and aglycones liberated from plasma samples via β-glucuronidase hydrolysis. Our major findings were as follows: (1) The routes of administration showed significant influences on the systemic exposure of galangin and its metabolites. (2) Galangin was preferentially glucuronidated after p.o. dosing but sulfated after i.v. medication. (3) Kaempferol conjugates were detected demonstrating that oxidation reaction occurred; however, both glucuronidation and sulfation were more efficient. (4) Oral bioavailability of free parent galangin was very low. Conclusions Systemic exposure to galangin and its metabolites was different in rat plasma between oral and intravenous administration. Further research is needed to characterize the structures of galangin conjugates and to evaluate the biological activities of these metabolites. Galangin was preferentially glucuronidated after p.o. dosing but sulfated after i.v. medication. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 China
| | - Yin-Feng Tan
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 China
| | - Hai-Long Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 China
| | - Zhen-Miao Qin
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 China
| | - Hong-Die Cai
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 China.,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046 China
| | - Wei-Yong Lai
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 China
| | - Xiao-Po Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 China
| | - Yong-Hui Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 China
| | - Wei-Wei Guan
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 China
| | - You-Bin Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 China
| | - Jun-Qing Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 China
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13
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Chen F, Li HL, Tan YF, Li YH, Lai WY, Guan WW, Zhang JQ, Zhao YS, Qin ZM. Identification of known chemicals and their metabolites from Alpinia oxyphylla fruit extract in rat plasma using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) with selected reaction monitoring. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 97:166-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Different accumulation profiles of multiple components between pericarp and seed of Alpinia oxyphylla capsular fruit as determined by UFLC-MS/MS. Molecules 2014; 19:4510-23. [PMID: 24727421 PMCID: PMC6271690 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19044510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites are known to not only play a key role in the adaptation of plants to their environment, but also represent an important source of active pharmaceuticals. Alpinia oxyphylla capsular fruits, made up of seeds and pericarps, are commonly used in traditional East Asian medicines. In clinical utilization of these capsular fruits, inconsistent processing approaches (i.e., hulling pericarps or not) are employed, with the potential of leading to differential pharmacological effects. Therefore, an important question arises whether the content levels of pharmacologically active chemicals between the seeds and pericarps of A. oxyphylla are comparable. Nine secondary metabolites present in A. oxyphylla capsular fruits, including flavonoids (e.g., tectochrysin, izalpinin, chrysin, apigenin-4',7-dimethylether and kaempferide), diarylheptanoids (e.g., yakuchinone A and B and oxyphyllacinol) and sesquiterpenes (e.g., nootkatone), were regarded as representative constituents with putative pharmacological activities. This work aimed to investigate the abundance of the nine constituents in the seeds and pericarps of A. oxyphylla. Thirteen batches of A. oxyphylla capsular fruits were gathered from different production regions. Accordingly, an ultra-fast high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated. We found that: (1) the nine secondary metabolites were differentially concentrated in seeds and fruit capsules; (2) nootkatone is predominantly distributed in the seeds; in contrast, the flavonoids and diarylheptanoids are mainly deposited in the capsules; and (3) the content levels of the nine secondary metabolites occurring in the capsules varied greatly among different production regions, although the nootkatone levels in the seeds were comparable among production regions. These results are helpful to evaluating and elucidating pharmacological activities of A. oxyphylla capsular fruits. Additionally, it may be of interest to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the distinct accumulation profiles of these secondary metabolites between seeds and pericarps.
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15
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Chen F, Li HL, Tan YF, Guan WW, Li YH, Zhang JQ. Validated method to measure yakuchinone A in plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study in rats. Chem Cent J 2014; 8:2. [PMID: 24422995 PMCID: PMC3896807 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-8-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Yakuchinone A has a plethora of beneficial biological effects. However, the pharmacokinetic (PK) data of yakuchinone A still remain unknown so far. Furthermore, the quantification of yakuchinone A in biological samples has not been reported in the literature. Therefore, in the present study we aimed to develop a new method for the fast, efficient and accurate assessment of yakuchinone A concentration in plasma, as a means for facilitating the PK evaluation of yakuchinone A. Results A liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of yakuchinone A in rat plasma. Mass spectrometric and chromatographic conditions were optimized. Plasma samples were pretreated by protein precipitation with methanol. LC separation was performed on a Phenomenex Luna C18 column with gradient elution using a mobile phase consisting of methanol–water containing 0.5 mM formic acid (HCOOH) at a flow rate of 0.28 mL/min. ESI-MS spectra were acquired in positive ion multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM). The precursor-to-product ion pairs used for MRM of yakuchinone A and yakuchinone B were m/z 313.1 → 137.0 and 311.2 → 117.1, respectively. Low concentration of HCOOH reduced the ion suppression caused by matrix components and clearly improved the analytical sensitivity. Yakuchinone A showed good linearity over a wide concentration range (r > 0.99). The accuracy, precision, stability and linearity were found to be within the acceptable criteria. This new method was successfully applied to analyze the rat plasma concentration of parent yakuchinone A after a single oral administration of SuoQuan capsules. Low systemic exposure to parent yakuchinone A was observed. Conclusion The proposed method is sensitive and reliable. It is hoped that this new method will prove useful for the future PK studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D of Tropical Herbs, Haikou 571101, China.
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