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Safizadeh Shabestari SA, Ho SB, Chaudhary P, Nathwani RA. Drug-induced acute pancreatitis in a bodybuilder: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2022; 16:114. [PMID: 35313971 PMCID: PMC8939103 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-022-03329-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Unregulated use of a variety of drugs and supplements by bodybuilders and athletes is common and can lead to severe adverse complications. Only a small proportion of acute pancreatitis cases are drug induced, and case reports are essential for identifying potential drug-related risks for pancreatitis. Here we present the first case report published of acute pancreatitis linked to recreational use of anabolic–androgenic steroids, subcutaneous growth hormone, and clenbuterol in a previously healthy male after excluding all other causes of pancreatitis. Case presentation A 31-year-old Arab male bodybuilder presented with acute abdominal pain associated with nausea and sharp pain radiating to the back. The patient was not using tobacco or alcohol but was using multiple drugs related to bodybuilding, including anabolic–androgenic steroids, subcutaneous growth hormone, clenbuterol, and multiple vitamin supplements. Laboratory studies revealed a normal white blood cell count, elevated C-reactive protein, minimally elevated aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin with normal remaining liver tests, and elevated amylase and lipase. The patient had no hypertriglyceridemia or hypercalcemia, and had had no recent infections, abdominal procedures, trauma, or scorpion exposure. Imaging and laboratory investigations were negative for biliary disease and IgG4 disease. Abdominal computed tomography revealed hepatomegaly and diffuse thickening and edema of the body and tail of the pancreas with peripancreatic fat stranding. An abdominal ultrasound showed slight hepatomegaly with no evidence of cholelithiasis. Genetic testing for hereditary pancreatitis-related mutations was negative. A diagnosis of drug-induced acute pancreatitis was made, and he was treated with aggressive intravenous hydration and pain management. The patient has avoided further use of these drugs and supplements and had no further episodes of pancreatitis during 1 year of follow-up. Conclusions This case describes a patient with drug-induced acute pancreatitis after the intake of anabolic–androgenic steroids, subcutaneous growth hormone, and clenbuterol, where all other common causes of acute pancreatitis were excluded. Clinicians should be alert to the possibility of drug-induced acute pancreatitis occurring in bodybuilders and athletes using similar drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Safizadeh Shabestari
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Healthcare City, Building 14, 505055, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samuel B Ho
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Healthcare City, Building 14, 505055, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Gastroenterology, Mediclinic City Hospital, North Wing Clinic, Dubai Healthcare City, Building 35, 505004, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Priyadarshini Chaudhary
- Department of Radiology, Mediclinic City Hospital, Dubai Healthcare City, Building 31, 505004, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rahul A Nathwani
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Healthcare City, Building 14, 505055, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Mediclinic City Hospital, North Wing Clinic, Dubai Healthcare City, Building 35, 505004, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
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Abdi M, Lotfolahi Z, Zareie M, Saeidi M, Amini K, Torkmandi H, Ghodrati S. ARDS, Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage and Pericardial Effusion due to Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids Consumption: Legal and Ethical Policy in Medical Education. TANAFFOS 2022; 21:239-248. [PMID: 36879726 PMCID: PMC9985117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are one of the ingredients of herbal and dietary supplements that are popular among sports trainers. AAS abuse predisposes everyone to several complications. Reviews of the literature on AAS users have shown mainly skin, renal, and hepatic complications. In this case report, we presented a case with simultaneous complications, including diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pericardial effusion, gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB), and acute kidney injury (AKI). Given the potential for lethal complications and the consequences of ethical, civil, and criminal law, it seems that specific policies will be considered for the use of bodybuilding drugs. It is also suggested that this approach be added as a new part of the medical curriculum. Also, ARDS and DAH are unreported side effects in other studies, which is suggested to be considered by specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abdi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.,Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Lotfolahi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Zareie
- Department of Nursing, School of Rehabilitation, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeidi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Kourosh Amini
- Zanjan Social Determinations of Health Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hojjat Torkmandi
- Department of Operating Room, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Samad Ghodrati
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Given governmental policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic include various foci on establishing preventive measures to increase the health and constitution of populations (i.e. through renewed efforts to tackle obesity), the use of androgens in a recreational manner requires attention because of existing medical evidence related to their role in immunosuppression. RECENT FINDINGS Whilst a broad body of work exists that outlines the mechanisms that underpin COVID-19 and public health responses, as well as the use of androgens in both recreational and medicinal contexts, the recent nature of the disease has left an area requiring greater investigation and clarification. There is emerging literature that highlights the potential complications that existing androgens use may bring to those infected with COVID-19, as well as the start of empirical evidence detailing this. SUMMARY In this article, we outline the latest viewpoints and literature related to how the use of androgens may contribute to less robust immunoresponses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Crisp
- Institute of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester, West Sussex, UK
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Bates G, Van Hout MC, Teck JTW, McVeigh J. Treatments for people who use anabolic androgenic steroids: a scoping review. Harm Reduct J 2019; 16:75. [PMID: 31888665 PMCID: PMC6937954 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-019-0343-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of evidence suggests that anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are used globally by a diverse population with varying motivations. Evidence has increased greatly in recent years to support understanding of this form of substance use and the associated health harms, but there remains little evidence regarding interventions to support cessation and treat the consequences of use. In this scoping review, we identify and describe what is known about interventions that aim to support and achieve cessation of AAS, and treat and prevent associated health problems. METHODS A comprehensive search strategy was developed in four bibliographic databases, supported by an iterative citation searching process to identify eligible studies. Studies of any psychological or medical treatment interventions delivered in response to non-prescribed use of AAS or an associated harm in any setting were eligible. RESULTS In total, 109 eligible studies were identified, which included case reports representing a diverse range of disciplines and sources. Studies predominantly focussed on treatments for harms associated with AAS use, with scant evidence on interventions to support cessation of AAS use or responding to dependence. The types of conditions requiring treatment included psychiatric, neuroendocrine, hepatic, kidney, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal and infectious. There was limited evidence of engagement with users or delivery of psychosocial interventions as part of treatment for any condition, and of harm reduction interventions initiated alongside, or following, treatment. Findings were limited throughout by the case report study designs and limited information was provided. CONCLUSION This scoping review indicates that while a range of case reports describe treatments provided to AAS users, there is scarce evidence on treating dependence, managing withdrawal, or initiating behaviour change in users in any settings. Evidence is urgently required to support the development of effective services for users and of evidence-based guidance and interventions to respond to users in a range of healthcare settings. More consistent reporting in articles of whether engagement or assessment relating to AAS was initiated, and publication within broader health- or drug-related journals, will support development of the evidence base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoff Bates
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, England
| | | | | | - Jim McVeigh
- Department of Sociology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, England
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Parente Filho SLA, Gomes PEADC, Forte GA, Lima LLL, Silva Júnior GBD, Meneses GC, Martins AMC, Daher EDF. Kidney disease associated with androgenic-anabolic steroids and vitamin supplements abuse: Be aware! Nefrologia 2019; 40:26-31. [PMID: 31585781 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The excessive chase for beauty standards and the rise of muscle dysmorphia have ultimately led to an increase in androgenic-anabolic steroids (AAS) and intramuscular injections of vitamins A, D and E (ADE) abuse, which is associated with several adverse effects and has become a public health issue. This review of literature discusses kidney injury associated with the use of AAS and ADE, highlighting the mechanisms of acute and chronic renal lesion, such as direct renal toxicity, glomerular hyperfiltration and hypercalcemia. Future perspectives regarding evaluation and early diagnosis of kidney injury in these patients are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Luiz Arruda Parente Filho
- Medical Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Aguiar Forte
- Medical Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Laio Ladislau Lopes Lima
- Medical Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Gdayllon Cavalcante Meneses
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Alice Maria Costa Martins
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth De Francesco Daher
- Medical Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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Histoprotective Effect of Essential Oil from Citrus aurantifolia in Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Rat. Adv Urol 2019; 2019:3031609. [PMID: 31662741 PMCID: PMC6778952 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3031609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common urological disorder reported among ageing men. Objective The study assessed histoprotective effect of lime essential oil (LEO) in a rat model of testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and evaluated its ability to reverse testosterone-mediated changes in the testis, kidney, and liver. Materials and Methods Adult Sprague Dawley (aged 12 weeks, 240–390 g) male rats were intramuscularly injected with testosterone enanthate (TE) (10 mg/kg) reconstituted in olive oil for ten days to establish benign prostatic hyperplasia (serum PSA level ≥ 1.24 ng/ml) in. After confirmation of BPH (sustained serum PSA level ≥ 1.24 ng/ml), rats in all groups (LEO: 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg, po, n = 6; finasteride: 15 mg/kg, po, n = 6) except model (BPH without treatment) and sham (no BPH and no treatment) groups were treated for 21 days. At the end of treatment, rats were anesthetised and blood was collected via cardiac puncture to determine serum PSA and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels. The prostate gland, testis, kidney, and liver were harvested, weighed, histologically processed and stained with H&E. Results LEO- and finasteride-treated groups recorded lesser mean prostatic weights relative to their model group. Baseline mean serum PSA level of LEO- and finasteride-treated groups reduced significantly (p < 0.05) relative to model group. Serum TAC levels were also higher in LEO- and finasteride-treated groups relative to model group. LEO-treated groups had less thickened glandular epithelium, smaller acini, fewer prostatic secretions and more fibromuscular stroma relative to model group. LEO and finasteride treatment produced improved histomorphological characteristics of testis, kidney, and liver compared to model group. Conclusion By the current results, Citrus aurantifolia LEO may possess active agents that can be explored for translational medicine against BPH.
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Lots of steroids and vitamins, tons of complications. Hypercalcemia and nephrocalcinosis as important complications of performance-enhancing drugs. Nefrologia 2015; 35:598-600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Garg SK. Evolving paradigm of illnesses presented to medical Intensive Care Unit in body builders: Cases from tertiary care center. Indian J Crit Care Med 2015; 19:227-9. [PMID: 25878431 PMCID: PMC4397630 DOI: 10.4103/0972-5229.154559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bodybuilding is the use of progressive resistance exercise to control and develop one's musculature. With the rise in number of persons adopting this activity, there is evolving paradigm of illnesses presented to intensive care in this population subset. Strict adherence to details of bodybuilding and avoidance of unsupervised medications are essential to prevent untoward effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Garg
- Department of Critical Care, Sarvodaya Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India
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