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Abstract
Medulloepithelioma is an extremely rare highly malignant and rapidly growing tumor that occurs in the central nervous system. There are few reports of medulloepithelioma located in the ventricle. Medulloepithelioma is common in young children and adolescence. Herein, we described an unusual case of vomiting in a 4-year-old male patient with medulloepithelioma, presenting with enlarging head circumference. Because of computed tomography (CT) scan of the head showed signs of brain tumors and hydrocephalus, and enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence showed increased heterogeneity and honeycomb-like changes on the mass after the administration of a contrast agent, the patient was first diagnosed as choroid plexus papilloma. After undergoing a surgical craniotomy, the patient was diagnosed as medulloepithelioma through pathological examination. We hope that this work will provide more understanding and knowledge of intracranial medulloepithelioma. For medulloepithelioma that occurs in the central nervous system, radiological examination is not sufficient to make a definite diagnosis of the tumor. Pathological examination can confirm the diagnosis of medulloepithelioma and distinguish it from other central system tumors. Surgical resection is a safe and effective method that can prolong the life of patients. However, the prognosis of medulloepithelioma is still poor, and further research is needed to improve the diagnosis and treatment of this rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong You
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Jiangtao Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
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Piloni M, Gagliardi F, Bailo M, Barzaghi LR, Callea M, Terreni M, Falini A, Castellano A, Mortini P. Hemorrhagic Suprasellar Central Nervous System Embryonal Tumor in an Adult: Uncommon Features of an Extremely Rare Neoplasm. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2021; 83:89-98. [PMID: 33477185 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occurrences of suprasellar central nervous system (CNS) embryonal tumors in adults are extremely rare. Hemorrhagic onset is further uncommon, with only anecdotic cases reported in the literature. The authors describe the case of a 57-year-old man affected by a suprasellar CNS embryonal tumor, with hemorrhagic onset and a unique diffusion pattern along the optic pathways. MATERIAL AND METHODS A 57-year-old man presenting with acute visual acuity worsening and left homonymous hemianopia was referred to our hospital. Neuroradiologic studies demonstrated an infiltrating, high-grade lesion involving the optic chiasm and right retrochiasmatic pathways with a hemorrhagic area in the ipsilateral pulvinar. RESULTS The patient underwent microsurgical biopsy. Pathologic assessment confirmed the diagnosis of CNS embryonal tumor, not otherwise specified (NOS) according to the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of CNS tumors. The patient was referred to a multimodal adjuvant treatment; he eventually died 4 months after surgery. Competent literature has been systematically reviewed in the light of the relevant changes made in the last version of the WHO classification. CONCLUSION Embryonal tumors should be considered in the differential diagnosis for sellar and suprasellar space-occupying lesions, despite the rarity of the disease and the uncommon features at time of presentation. As per our knowledge, this is the first case ever described of hemorrhagic suprasellar embryonal tumor with a diffusion pattern along white matter fibers. Histogenesis, biomolecular and neuroradiologic features, and classification of embryonal tumors are an open field of research, with considerable implications for the definition of better diagnostic pitfalls and therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Piloni
- Department of Neurosurgery and Gamma Knife Radiosurgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Gagliardi
- Department of Neurosurgery and Gamma Knife Radiosurgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Bailo
- Department of Neurosurgery and Gamma Knife Radiosurgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lina Raffaella Barzaghi
- Department of Neurosurgery and Gamma Knife Radiosurgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Callea
- Department of Pathology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariarosa Terreni
- Department of Pathology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Falini
- Department of Neuroradiology and CERMAC, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, and IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Castellano
- Department of Neuroradiology and CERMAC, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, and IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Mortini
- Department of Neurosurgery and Gamma Knife Radiosurgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Abstract
RATIONALE Intracranial medulloepitheliomas are extremely rare and highly malignant. Intraventricular medulloepitheliomas are even rarely reported, and little is known about the clinical features. PATIENT CONCERNS In this article, we report two cases of intracranial medulloepitheliomas. In the first patient, a one-month old boy, the tumor was located in in right lateral ventricle, which was the first report of such location of this disease; in the second patient, an eleven-month old girl, the tumor was in right cerebellopontine angle. DIAGNOSES Both patients were diagnosed as medulloepithelioma by pathologists. INTERVENTIONS Both patients underwent craniotomy to resect the lesion totally. OUTCOMES The boy underwent chemotherapy after operation and was alive 3 months after operation. The girl died 6 months after operation, despite aggressive adjuvant chemotherapy. LESSONS Surgical resection is safe and effective to prolong patient survival. However, despite aggressive adjuvant therapy, prognosis of medulloepithelioma remains poor, and further study is needed to improve treatment of this rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ni Chen
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University
| | - Yan Ju
- Department of Neurosurgery
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Oumghar N, Hazmiri FE, El Omrani A, Rais H, Khouchani M. Posterior cerebral fossa medulloepithelioma: report of a case. BMC Clin Pathol 2017; 17:23. [PMID: 29200961 PMCID: PMC5697137 DOI: 10.1186/s12907-017-0064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Medulloepithelioma is a rare primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the central nervous system, usually developing in childhood. Due to its rarity, the optimal management is still unknown. The prognosis is poor, especially when resection is incomplete. Adjuvant radiochemotherapy is often indicated. Case presentation We report a rare case of infratentorial medulloepithelioma in a 3 year old girl. She presented symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. On examination, she had coordination problems, ptosis and exotropia of the right eye. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a large cerebellar vermix tumor. Immuno-histochemistry revealed a diffuse positivity for Vimentin and focal positivity for the epithelial membrane antigen, but Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Synaptophysin were negative, the MIB-1 antibody was very high. She received postoperative craniospinal irradiation and died 7 months later. Conclusion We describe the features (epidemiological, clinical, histological, immunohistochemical and therapeutic outcomes) of our case and confront it to literature data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nezha Oumghar
- Radiotherapy department - Oncology and hematology center, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Fatima Ezzahra Hazmiri
- Pathology department - Arrazi Hospital, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Abdelhamid El Omrani
- Radiotherapy department - Oncology and hematology center, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Hanane Rais
- Pathology department - Arrazi Hospital, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Mouna Khouchani
- Radiotherapy department - Oncology and hematology center, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco
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Causil LD, Ames R, Puac P, Castillo M. Adult Brain Tumors and Pseudotumors: Interesting (Bizarre) Cases. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2017; 26:667-689. [PMID: 27712799 DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Some brain tumors results are interesting due to their rarity at presentation and overwhelming imaging characteristics, posing a diagnostic challenge in the eyes of any experienced neuroradiologist. This article focuses on the most important features regarding epidemiology, location, clinical presentation, histopathology, and imaging findings of cases considered "bizarre." A review of the most recent literature dealing with these unusual tumors and pseudotumors is presented, highlighting key points related to the diagnosis, treatments, outcomes, and differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazaro D Causil
- Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Room 3326, Old Infirmary Building, Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7510, USA.
| | - Romy Ames
- Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Room 3326, Old Infirmary Building, Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7510, USA
| | - Paulo Puac
- Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Room 3326, Old Infirmary Building, Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7510, USA
| | - Mauricio Castillo
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Room 3326, Old Infirmary Building, Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7510, USA
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Wang X, Sun Y, Tan Z, Ji A, Sun X, Li X, Che N, Yang K, Liu Y, Luo X, Wang G, Luan L, Wei M, Yin J. Low grade astrocytoma transformating primitive neuroectodermal tumour in an adult? A case report and review of literature. Chin Neurosurg J 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s41016-016-0039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Kalidindi N, Torres CH, Michaud J, Zwicker JC. Primitive neuroectodermal tumor presenting with diffuse leptomeningeal involvement in a 55-year-old woman: a case report and brief summary of current diagnostic tests and treatment. Case Rep Oncol 2014; 7:471-7. [PMID: 25202261 PMCID: PMC4154191 DOI: 10.1159/000365414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) are typically present as masses in children and adolescents, but rarely in adults. Diagnoses, management strategies, and prognostication factors are not well established in adult cases of PNETs. We describe the case of a central nervous system PNET diagnosed in a 55-year-old woman presenting with a sudden onset of symptoms consisting of increased intracranial pressure and findings of diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement and a small medullary lesion seen on MRI. Amongst the small database of PNETs diagnosed in adults, our case report stands out as one of few cases describing a primarily leptomeningeal PNET diagnosed on biopsy. We also review the literature on PNETs presenting with diffuse leptomeningeal disease and the treatment of PNETs in the adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navya Kalidindi
- Department of Neurology, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, CHEO, Ottawa, Ont., Canada
| | - Carlos H Torres
- Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, CHEO, Ottawa, Ont., Canada
| | - Jean Michaud
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, CHEO, Ottawa, Ont., Canada
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Papadopoulos EK, Fountas KN, Brotis AG, Paterakis KN. A supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor presenting with intracranial hemorrhage in a 42-year-old man: a case report and review of the literature. J Med Case Rep 2013; 7:86. [PMID: 23537064 PMCID: PMC3623814 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-7-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction We report on a very rare case of a supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor in an adult, which presented with intracerebral hemorrhage, and review the relevant medical literature. Case presentation A 42-year-old Caucasian man complained of a sudden headache and nausea-vomiting. The patient rapidly deteriorated to coma. An emergency computed tomography scan showed an extensive intraparenchymal hemorrhage that caused significant mass effect and tonsilar herniation. During surgery, an increased intracranial pressure was recorded and extensive bilateral decompressive craniectomies were performed. A cherry-like intraparenchymal lesion was found in his right frontal lobe and resected. The patient died in the intensive care unit after approximately 48 hours. The resected lesion was identified as a central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Conclusion Supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors must be considered in the differential diagnosis of space-occupying lesions in adults. Spontaneous supratentorial hemorrhage due to primitive neuroectodermal tumors is an extremely rare but potentially lethal event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos K Papadopoulos
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Larissa, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Building A, 3rd Floor, Biopolis, Larisa, 41110, Greece.
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