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Almaghamsi T, Attiyah WB, Bahasan M, Alotaibi BA, AlAhmadi SF, Hanbazazh M, Zakariyah A, Saleem RA, AlAnezi MK, Hawsawi Y. Identification of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR) variants: A retrospective study on the western and southern regions of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2023; 44:987-994. [PMID: 37777263 PMCID: PMC10541982 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2023.44.10.20230290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the geographic distribution of common cystic fibrosis (CF) variants in the western and southern regions of Saudi Arabia. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on 69 patients diagnosed with CF at King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Jeddah. Patient data were collected retrospectively between June 2000 and November 2021. Various parameters were considered, including patient demographic information, CFTR variants, and respiratory cultures. RESULTS We identified 26 CFTR variants in 69 patients with CF, including one novel variant that had not been reported or published before (1549del G) in 2 patients with CF. The 6 most prevalentvariants were as follows: c.1521_1523delCTT (19%), c.1418delG (10.2%), c.579+1G>T (8.8%), c.2988+1G>A (8.8%), c.3419 T>A (7.2%), and c.4124A>C (5.8%). In addition, respiratory cultures revealed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae were highly common among patients with CF. CONCLUSION This study highlighted features of patients with CF residing in the Western and Southern regions of Saudi Arabia. Six of the 26 CFTR variants were common in these patients. We also report, for the first time, a novel variant and other CFTR variants that are yet to be reported in Saudi Arabia. These findings could help establish a foundation for cystic fibrosis screening in Saudi Arabia and may assist in clinical diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talal Almaghamsi
- From the Department of Pediatrics (Almaghamsi, Ba Attiyah, Bahasan), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; from the Department of Pathology (Hanbazazh), Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah; from the Department of Medical Genetics (Zakariyah), Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah; from the Research Center (AlAnezi, Hawsawi), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research, Jeddah; from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alotaibi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences; from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alotaibi), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center; from the College of Medicine (Saleem, Hawsawi), Al-Faisal University, Riyadh; from the Pharmacy Department (AlAhmadi), Muhammed Saleh Basharhil Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Wejdan Ba Attiyah
- From the Department of Pediatrics (Almaghamsi, Ba Attiyah, Bahasan), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; from the Department of Pathology (Hanbazazh), Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah; from the Department of Medical Genetics (Zakariyah), Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah; from the Research Center (AlAnezi, Hawsawi), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research, Jeddah; from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alotaibi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences; from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alotaibi), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center; from the College of Medicine (Saleem, Hawsawi), Al-Faisal University, Riyadh; from the Pharmacy Department (AlAhmadi), Muhammed Saleh Basharhil Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mona Bahasan
- From the Department of Pediatrics (Almaghamsi, Ba Attiyah, Bahasan), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; from the Department of Pathology (Hanbazazh), Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah; from the Department of Medical Genetics (Zakariyah), Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah; from the Research Center (AlAnezi, Hawsawi), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research, Jeddah; from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alotaibi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences; from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alotaibi), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center; from the College of Medicine (Saleem, Hawsawi), Al-Faisal University, Riyadh; from the Pharmacy Department (AlAhmadi), Muhammed Saleh Basharhil Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Badi A. Alotaibi
- From the Department of Pediatrics (Almaghamsi, Ba Attiyah, Bahasan), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; from the Department of Pathology (Hanbazazh), Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah; from the Department of Medical Genetics (Zakariyah), Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah; from the Research Center (AlAnezi, Hawsawi), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research, Jeddah; from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alotaibi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences; from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alotaibi), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center; from the College of Medicine (Saleem, Hawsawi), Al-Faisal University, Riyadh; from the Pharmacy Department (AlAhmadi), Muhammed Saleh Basharhil Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shahad F. AlAhmadi
- From the Department of Pediatrics (Almaghamsi, Ba Attiyah, Bahasan), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; from the Department of Pathology (Hanbazazh), Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah; from the Department of Medical Genetics (Zakariyah), Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah; from the Research Center (AlAnezi, Hawsawi), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research, Jeddah; from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alotaibi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences; from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alotaibi), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center; from the College of Medicine (Saleem, Hawsawi), Al-Faisal University, Riyadh; from the Pharmacy Department (AlAhmadi), Muhammed Saleh Basharhil Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mehenaz Hanbazazh
- From the Department of Pediatrics (Almaghamsi, Ba Attiyah, Bahasan), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; from the Department of Pathology (Hanbazazh), Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah; from the Department of Medical Genetics (Zakariyah), Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah; from the Research Center (AlAnezi, Hawsawi), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research, Jeddah; from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alotaibi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences; from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alotaibi), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center; from the College of Medicine (Saleem, Hawsawi), Al-Faisal University, Riyadh; from the Pharmacy Department (AlAhmadi), Muhammed Saleh Basharhil Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abeer Zakariyah
- From the Department of Pediatrics (Almaghamsi, Ba Attiyah, Bahasan), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; from the Department of Pathology (Hanbazazh), Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah; from the Department of Medical Genetics (Zakariyah), Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah; from the Research Center (AlAnezi, Hawsawi), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research, Jeddah; from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alotaibi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences; from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alotaibi), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center; from the College of Medicine (Saleem, Hawsawi), Al-Faisal University, Riyadh; from the Pharmacy Department (AlAhmadi), Muhammed Saleh Basharhil Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rimah A. Saleem
- From the Department of Pediatrics (Almaghamsi, Ba Attiyah, Bahasan), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; from the Department of Pathology (Hanbazazh), Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah; from the Department of Medical Genetics (Zakariyah), Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah; from the Research Center (AlAnezi, Hawsawi), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research, Jeddah; from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alotaibi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences; from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alotaibi), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center; from the College of Medicine (Saleem, Hawsawi), Al-Faisal University, Riyadh; from the Pharmacy Department (AlAhmadi), Muhammed Saleh Basharhil Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Munaifah K. AlAnezi
- From the Department of Pediatrics (Almaghamsi, Ba Attiyah, Bahasan), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; from the Department of Pathology (Hanbazazh), Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah; from the Department of Medical Genetics (Zakariyah), Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah; from the Research Center (AlAnezi, Hawsawi), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research, Jeddah; from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alotaibi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences; from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alotaibi), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center; from the College of Medicine (Saleem, Hawsawi), Al-Faisal University, Riyadh; from the Pharmacy Department (AlAhmadi), Muhammed Saleh Basharhil Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yousef Hawsawi
- From the Department of Pediatrics (Almaghamsi, Ba Attiyah, Bahasan), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center; from the Department of Pathology (Hanbazazh), Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah; from the Department of Medical Genetics (Zakariyah), Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah; from the Research Center (AlAnezi, Hawsawi), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research, Jeddah; from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alotaibi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences; from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alotaibi), King Abdullah International Medical Research Center; from the College of Medicine (Saleem, Hawsawi), Al-Faisal University, Riyadh; from the Pharmacy Department (AlAhmadi), Muhammed Saleh Basharhil Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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McLean A, Wright F, deJong N, Skinner S, Loughlin CE, Levenson A, Carden MA. Hemoglobin A 1c and fructosamine correlate in a patient with sickle cell disease and diabetes on chronic transfusion therapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020; 67:e28499. [PMID: 32618413 PMCID: PMC7674195 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and diabetes mellitus (DM), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c ) is unreliable and the American Diabetes Association recommends monitoring long-term glycemia by measuring serum glucose, but use of serum fructosamine (SF), a measurement independent of red cell lifespan, has been reported. SF as a screen for DM in SCD, however, is not standardized and its relationship to serum glucose has not been validated. Further, screening for DM was not adequately addressed in the 2014 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) guidelines for SCD management. Blood transfusions, an important treatment for some patients with SCD, can also impact HbA1c . We present a case of a patient with SCD and cystic fibrosis-related diabetes on monthly chronic transfusions therapy (CTT) who had well-correlated "steady state" HbA1c and SF levels over time, suggesting for the first time these markers may actually be useful when following long-term glycemic control in patients with SCD on CTT programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley McLean
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina
| | - Frances Wright
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric
Hematology/Oncology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill,
North Carolina
| | - Neal deJong
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina,Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics
and Adolescent Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina
| | - Sarah Skinner
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University
of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,University of North Carolina Blood Research Center, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ceila E. Loughlin
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric
Pulmonology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North
Carolina
| | - Amy Levenson
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric
Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina
| | - Marcus A. Carden
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric
Hematology/Oncology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill,
North Carolina,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University
of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,University of North Carolina Blood Research Center, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina
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