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Reinthaler EM, Graf E, Zrzavy T, Wieland T, Hotzy C, Kopecky C, Pferschy S, Schmied C, Leutmezer F, Keilani M, Lill CM, Hoffjan S, Epplen JT, Zettl UK, Hecker M, Deutschländer A, Meuth SG, Ahram M, Mustafa B, El-Khateeb M, Vilariño-Güell C, Sadovnick AD, Zimprich F, Tomkinson B, Strom T, Kristoferitsch W, Lassmann H, Zimprich A. TPP2 mutation associated with sterile brain inflammation mimicking MS. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2018; 4:e285. [PMID: 30533531 PMCID: PMC6244017 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objective To ascertain the genetic cause of a consanguineous family from Syria suffering from a sterile brain inflammation mimicking a mild nonprogressive form of MS. Methods We used homozygosity mapping and next-generation sequencing to detect the disease-causing gene in the affected siblings. In addition, we performed RNA and protein expression studies, enzymatic activity assays, immunohistochemistry, and targeted sequencing of further MS cases from Austria, Germany, Canada and Jordan. Results In this study, we describe the identification of a homozygous missense mutation (c.82T>G, p.Cys28Gly) in the tripeptidyl peptidase II (TPP2) gene in all 3 affected siblings of the family. Sequencing of all TPP2-coding exons in 826 MS cases identified one further homozygous missense variant (c.2027C>T, p.Thr676Ile) in a Jordanian MS patient. TPP2 protein expression in whole blood was reduced in the affected siblings. In contrast, TPP2 protein expression in postmortem brain tissue from MS patients without TPP2 mutations was highly upregulated. Conclusions The homozygous TPP2 mutation (p.Cys28Gly) is likely responsible for the inflammation phenotype in this family. TPP2 is an ubiquitously expressed serine peptidase that removes tripeptides from the N-terminal end of longer peptides. TPP2 is involved in various biological processes including the destruction of major histocompatibility complex Class I epitopes. Recessive loss-of-function mutations in TPP2 were described in patients with Evans syndrome, a rare autoimmune disease affecting the hematopoietic system. Based on the gene expression results in our MS autopsy brain samples, we further suggest that TPP2 may play a broader role in the inflammatory process in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Reinthaler
- Department of Neurology (E.M.R., S.P., C.S., F.L., F.Z., A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institut für Humangenetik (E.G., T.W., T.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany; Center for Brain Research (T.Z., H.L.), Medical University of Vienna; Division of Nephrology and Dialysis (C.K.), Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna; Department of Physical Medicine (M.K.), Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (C.M.L.), Institutes of Neurogenetics and for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology and Neuroimaging Center (NIC) (C.M.L.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Department of Human Genetics (S.H., J.T.E.), Ruhr-University Bochum; Herdecke (J.T.E.), ZBAF, Faculty of Health, University Witten; Department of Neurology (U.K.Z., M.H.), Neuroimmunological Section, University of Rostock; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Department of Clinical Genomics (A.D.), Department of Neuroscience (A.D.), Jeweils Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (S.G.M.), University of Muenster, Germany; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry (M.A., B.M.), School of Medicine, the University of Jordan; The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes (M.E.-K.), Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), Amman, Jordan; Department of Medical Genetics (C.V.-G., A.D.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (B.T.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Karl Landsteiner Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Graf
- Department of Neurology (E.M.R., S.P., C.S., F.L., F.Z., A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institut für Humangenetik (E.G., T.W., T.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany; Center for Brain Research (T.Z., H.L.), Medical University of Vienna; Division of Nephrology and Dialysis (C.K.), Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna; Department of Physical Medicine (M.K.), Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (C.M.L.), Institutes of Neurogenetics and for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology and Neuroimaging Center (NIC) (C.M.L.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Department of Human Genetics (S.H., J.T.E.), Ruhr-University Bochum; Herdecke (J.T.E.), ZBAF, Faculty of Health, University Witten; Department of Neurology (U.K.Z., M.H.), Neuroimmunological Section, University of Rostock; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Department of Clinical Genomics (A.D.), Department of Neuroscience (A.D.), Jeweils Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (S.G.M.), University of Muenster, Germany; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry (M.A., B.M.), School of Medicine, the University of Jordan; The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes (M.E.-K.), Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), Amman, Jordan; Department of Medical Genetics (C.V.-G., A.D.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (B.T.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Karl Landsteiner Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Zrzavy
- Department of Neurology (E.M.R., S.P., C.S., F.L., F.Z., A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institut für Humangenetik (E.G., T.W., T.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany; Center for Brain Research (T.Z., H.L.), Medical University of Vienna; Division of Nephrology and Dialysis (C.K.), Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna; Department of Physical Medicine (M.K.), Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (C.M.L.), Institutes of Neurogenetics and for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology and Neuroimaging Center (NIC) (C.M.L.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Department of Human Genetics (S.H., J.T.E.), Ruhr-University Bochum; Herdecke (J.T.E.), ZBAF, Faculty of Health, University Witten; Department of Neurology (U.K.Z., M.H.), Neuroimmunological Section, University of Rostock; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Department of Clinical Genomics (A.D.), Department of Neuroscience (A.D.), Jeweils Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (S.G.M.), University of Muenster, Germany; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry (M.A., B.M.), School of Medicine, the University of Jordan; The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes (M.E.-K.), Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), Amman, Jordan; Department of Medical Genetics (C.V.-G., A.D.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (B.T.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Karl Landsteiner Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Wieland
- Department of Neurology (E.M.R., S.P., C.S., F.L., F.Z., A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institut für Humangenetik (E.G., T.W., T.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany; Center for Brain Research (T.Z., H.L.), Medical University of Vienna; Division of Nephrology and Dialysis (C.K.), Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna; Department of Physical Medicine (M.K.), Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (C.M.L.), Institutes of Neurogenetics and for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology and Neuroimaging Center (NIC) (C.M.L.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Department of Human Genetics (S.H., J.T.E.), Ruhr-University Bochum; Herdecke (J.T.E.), ZBAF, Faculty of Health, University Witten; Department of Neurology (U.K.Z., M.H.), Neuroimmunological Section, University of Rostock; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Department of Clinical Genomics (A.D.), Department of Neuroscience (A.D.), Jeweils Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (S.G.M.), University of Muenster, Germany; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry (M.A., B.M.), School of Medicine, the University of Jordan; The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes (M.E.-K.), Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), Amman, Jordan; Department of Medical Genetics (C.V.-G., A.D.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (B.T.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Karl Landsteiner Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Hotzy
- Department of Neurology (E.M.R., S.P., C.S., F.L., F.Z., A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institut für Humangenetik (E.G., T.W., T.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany; Center for Brain Research (T.Z., H.L.), Medical University of Vienna; Division of Nephrology and Dialysis (C.K.), Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna; Department of Physical Medicine (M.K.), Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (C.M.L.), Institutes of Neurogenetics and for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology and Neuroimaging Center (NIC) (C.M.L.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Department of Human Genetics (S.H., J.T.E.), Ruhr-University Bochum; Herdecke (J.T.E.), ZBAF, Faculty of Health, University Witten; Department of Neurology (U.K.Z., M.H.), Neuroimmunological Section, University of Rostock; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Department of Clinical Genomics (A.D.), Department of Neuroscience (A.D.), Jeweils Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (S.G.M.), University of Muenster, Germany; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry (M.A., B.M.), School of Medicine, the University of Jordan; The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes (M.E.-K.), Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), Amman, Jordan; Department of Medical Genetics (C.V.-G., A.D.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (B.T.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Karl Landsteiner Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chantal Kopecky
- Department of Neurology (E.M.R., S.P., C.S., F.L., F.Z., A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institut für Humangenetik (E.G., T.W., T.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany; Center for Brain Research (T.Z., H.L.), Medical University of Vienna; Division of Nephrology and Dialysis (C.K.), Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna; Department of Physical Medicine (M.K.), Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (C.M.L.), Institutes of Neurogenetics and for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology and Neuroimaging Center (NIC) (C.M.L.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Department of Human Genetics (S.H., J.T.E.), Ruhr-University Bochum; Herdecke (J.T.E.), ZBAF, Faculty of Health, University Witten; Department of Neurology (U.K.Z., M.H.), Neuroimmunological Section, University of Rostock; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Department of Clinical Genomics (A.D.), Department of Neuroscience (A.D.), Jeweils Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (S.G.M.), University of Muenster, Germany; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry (M.A., B.M.), School of Medicine, the University of Jordan; The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes (M.E.-K.), Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), Amman, Jordan; Department of Medical Genetics (C.V.-G., A.D.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (B.T.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Karl Landsteiner Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Pferschy
- Department of Neurology (E.M.R., S.P., C.S., F.L., F.Z., A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institut für Humangenetik (E.G., T.W., T.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany; Center for Brain Research (T.Z., H.L.), Medical University of Vienna; Division of Nephrology and Dialysis (C.K.), Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna; Department of Physical Medicine (M.K.), Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (C.M.L.), Institutes of Neurogenetics and for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology and Neuroimaging Center (NIC) (C.M.L.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Department of Human Genetics (S.H., J.T.E.), Ruhr-University Bochum; Herdecke (J.T.E.), ZBAF, Faculty of Health, University Witten; Department of Neurology (U.K.Z., M.H.), Neuroimmunological Section, University of Rostock; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Department of Clinical Genomics (A.D.), Department of Neuroscience (A.D.), Jeweils Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (S.G.M.), University of Muenster, Germany; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry (M.A., B.M.), School of Medicine, the University of Jordan; The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes (M.E.-K.), Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), Amman, Jordan; Department of Medical Genetics (C.V.-G., A.D.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (B.T.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Karl Landsteiner Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiane Schmied
- Department of Neurology (E.M.R., S.P., C.S., F.L., F.Z., A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institut für Humangenetik (E.G., T.W., T.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany; Center for Brain Research (T.Z., H.L.), Medical University of Vienna; Division of Nephrology and Dialysis (C.K.), Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna; Department of Physical Medicine (M.K.), Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (C.M.L.), Institutes of Neurogenetics and for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology and Neuroimaging Center (NIC) (C.M.L.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Department of Human Genetics (S.H., J.T.E.), Ruhr-University Bochum; Herdecke (J.T.E.), ZBAF, Faculty of Health, University Witten; Department of Neurology (U.K.Z., M.H.), Neuroimmunological Section, University of Rostock; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Department of Clinical Genomics (A.D.), Department of Neuroscience (A.D.), Jeweils Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (S.G.M.), University of Muenster, Germany; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry (M.A., B.M.), School of Medicine, the University of Jordan; The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes (M.E.-K.), Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), Amman, Jordan; Department of Medical Genetics (C.V.-G., A.D.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (B.T.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Karl Landsteiner Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fritz Leutmezer
- Department of Neurology (E.M.R., S.P., C.S., F.L., F.Z., A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institut für Humangenetik (E.G., T.W., T.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany; Center for Brain Research (T.Z., H.L.), Medical University of Vienna; Division of Nephrology and Dialysis (C.K.), Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna; Department of Physical Medicine (M.K.), Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (C.M.L.), Institutes of Neurogenetics and for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology and Neuroimaging Center (NIC) (C.M.L.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Department of Human Genetics (S.H., J.T.E.), Ruhr-University Bochum; Herdecke (J.T.E.), ZBAF, Faculty of Health, University Witten; Department of Neurology (U.K.Z., M.H.), Neuroimmunological Section, University of Rostock; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Department of Clinical Genomics (A.D.), Department of Neuroscience (A.D.), Jeweils Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (S.G.M.), University of Muenster, Germany; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry (M.A., B.M.), School of Medicine, the University of Jordan; The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes (M.E.-K.), Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), Amman, Jordan; Department of Medical Genetics (C.V.-G., A.D.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (B.T.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Karl Landsteiner Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mohammad Keilani
- Department of Neurology (E.M.R., S.P., C.S., F.L., F.Z., A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institut für Humangenetik (E.G., T.W., T.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany; Center for Brain Research (T.Z., H.L.), Medical University of Vienna; Division of Nephrology and Dialysis (C.K.), Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna; Department of Physical Medicine (M.K.), Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (C.M.L.), Institutes of Neurogenetics and for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology and Neuroimaging Center (NIC) (C.M.L.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Department of Human Genetics (S.H., J.T.E.), Ruhr-University Bochum; Herdecke (J.T.E.), ZBAF, Faculty of Health, University Witten; Department of Neurology (U.K.Z., M.H.), Neuroimmunological Section, University of Rostock; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Department of Clinical Genomics (A.D.), Department of Neuroscience (A.D.), Jeweils Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (S.G.M.), University of Muenster, Germany; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry (M.A., B.M.), School of Medicine, the University of Jordan; The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes (M.E.-K.), Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), Amman, Jordan; Department of Medical Genetics (C.V.-G., A.D.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (B.T.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Karl Landsteiner Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina M Lill
- Department of Neurology (E.M.R., S.P., C.S., F.L., F.Z., A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institut für Humangenetik (E.G., T.W., T.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany; Center for Brain Research (T.Z., H.L.), Medical University of Vienna; Division of Nephrology and Dialysis (C.K.), Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna; Department of Physical Medicine (M.K.), Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (C.M.L.), Institutes of Neurogenetics and for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology and Neuroimaging Center (NIC) (C.M.L.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Department of Human Genetics (S.H., J.T.E.), Ruhr-University Bochum; Herdecke (J.T.E.), ZBAF, Faculty of Health, University Witten; Department of Neurology (U.K.Z., M.H.), Neuroimmunological Section, University of Rostock; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Department of Clinical Genomics (A.D.), Department of Neuroscience (A.D.), Jeweils Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (S.G.M.), University of Muenster, Germany; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry (M.A., B.M.), School of Medicine, the University of Jordan; The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes (M.E.-K.), Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), Amman, Jordan; Department of Medical Genetics (C.V.-G., A.D.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (B.T.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Karl Landsteiner Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Hoffjan
- Department of Neurology (E.M.R., S.P., C.S., F.L., F.Z., A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institut für Humangenetik (E.G., T.W., T.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany; Center for Brain Research (T.Z., H.L.), Medical University of Vienna; Division of Nephrology and Dialysis (C.K.), Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna; Department of Physical Medicine (M.K.), Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (C.M.L.), Institutes of Neurogenetics and for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology and Neuroimaging Center (NIC) (C.M.L.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Department of Human Genetics (S.H., J.T.E.), Ruhr-University Bochum; Herdecke (J.T.E.), ZBAF, Faculty of Health, University Witten; Department of Neurology (U.K.Z., M.H.), Neuroimmunological Section, University of Rostock; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Department of Clinical Genomics (A.D.), Department of Neuroscience (A.D.), Jeweils Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (S.G.M.), University of Muenster, Germany; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry (M.A., B.M.), School of Medicine, the University of Jordan; The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes (M.E.-K.), Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), Amman, Jordan; Department of Medical Genetics (C.V.-G., A.D.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (B.T.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Karl Landsteiner Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jörg T Epplen
- Department of Neurology (E.M.R., S.P., C.S., F.L., F.Z., A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institut für Humangenetik (E.G., T.W., T.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany; Center for Brain Research (T.Z., H.L.), Medical University of Vienna; Division of Nephrology and Dialysis (C.K.), Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna; Department of Physical Medicine (M.K.), Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (C.M.L.), Institutes of Neurogenetics and for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology and Neuroimaging Center (NIC) (C.M.L.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Department of Human Genetics (S.H., J.T.E.), Ruhr-University Bochum; Herdecke (J.T.E.), ZBAF, Faculty of Health, University Witten; Department of Neurology (U.K.Z., M.H.), Neuroimmunological Section, University of Rostock; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Department of Clinical Genomics (A.D.), Department of Neuroscience (A.D.), Jeweils Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (S.G.M.), University of Muenster, Germany; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry (M.A., B.M.), School of Medicine, the University of Jordan; The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes (M.E.-K.), Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), Amman, Jordan; Department of Medical Genetics (C.V.-G., A.D.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (B.T.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Karl Landsteiner Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Uwe K Zettl
- Department of Neurology (E.M.R., S.P., C.S., F.L., F.Z., A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institut für Humangenetik (E.G., T.W., T.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany; Center for Brain Research (T.Z., H.L.), Medical University of Vienna; Division of Nephrology and Dialysis (C.K.), Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna; Department of Physical Medicine (M.K.), Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (C.M.L.), Institutes of Neurogenetics and for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology and Neuroimaging Center (NIC) (C.M.L.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Department of Human Genetics (S.H., J.T.E.), Ruhr-University Bochum; Herdecke (J.T.E.), ZBAF, Faculty of Health, University Witten; Department of Neurology (U.K.Z., M.H.), Neuroimmunological Section, University of Rostock; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Department of Clinical Genomics (A.D.), Department of Neuroscience (A.D.), Jeweils Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (S.G.M.), University of Muenster, Germany; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry (M.A., B.M.), School of Medicine, the University of Jordan; The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes (M.E.-K.), Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), Amman, Jordan; Department of Medical Genetics (C.V.-G., A.D.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (B.T.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Karl Landsteiner Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Hecker
- Department of Neurology (E.M.R., S.P., C.S., F.L., F.Z., A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institut für Humangenetik (E.G., T.W., T.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany; Center for Brain Research (T.Z., H.L.), Medical University of Vienna; Division of Nephrology and Dialysis (C.K.), Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna; Department of Physical Medicine (M.K.), Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (C.M.L.), Institutes of Neurogenetics and for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology and Neuroimaging Center (NIC) (C.M.L.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Department of Human Genetics (S.H., J.T.E.), Ruhr-University Bochum; Herdecke (J.T.E.), ZBAF, Faculty of Health, University Witten; Department of Neurology (U.K.Z., M.H.), Neuroimmunological Section, University of Rostock; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Department of Clinical Genomics (A.D.), Department of Neuroscience (A.D.), Jeweils Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (S.G.M.), University of Muenster, Germany; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry (M.A., B.M.), School of Medicine, the University of Jordan; The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes (M.E.-K.), Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), Amman, Jordan; Department of Medical Genetics (C.V.-G., A.D.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (B.T.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Karl Landsteiner Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angela Deutschländer
- Department of Neurology (E.M.R., S.P., C.S., F.L., F.Z., A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institut für Humangenetik (E.G., T.W., T.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany; Center for Brain Research (T.Z., H.L.), Medical University of Vienna; Division of Nephrology and Dialysis (C.K.), Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna; Department of Physical Medicine (M.K.), Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (C.M.L.), Institutes of Neurogenetics and for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology and Neuroimaging Center (NIC) (C.M.L.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Department of Human Genetics (S.H., J.T.E.), Ruhr-University Bochum; Herdecke (J.T.E.), ZBAF, Faculty of Health, University Witten; Department of Neurology (U.K.Z., M.H.), Neuroimmunological Section, University of Rostock; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Department of Clinical Genomics (A.D.), Department of Neuroscience (A.D.), Jeweils Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (S.G.M.), University of Muenster, Germany; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry (M.A., B.M.), School of Medicine, the University of Jordan; The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes (M.E.-K.), Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), Amman, Jordan; Department of Medical Genetics (C.V.-G., A.D.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (B.T.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Karl Landsteiner Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology (E.M.R., S.P., C.S., F.L., F.Z., A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institut für Humangenetik (E.G., T.W., T.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany; Center for Brain Research (T.Z., H.L.), Medical University of Vienna; Division of Nephrology and Dialysis (C.K.), Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna; Department of Physical Medicine (M.K.), Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (C.M.L.), Institutes of Neurogenetics and for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology and Neuroimaging Center (NIC) (C.M.L.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Department of Human Genetics (S.H., J.T.E.), Ruhr-University Bochum; Herdecke (J.T.E.), ZBAF, Faculty of Health, University Witten; Department of Neurology (U.K.Z., M.H.), Neuroimmunological Section, University of Rostock; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Department of Clinical Genomics (A.D.), Department of Neuroscience (A.D.), Jeweils Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (S.G.M.), University of Muenster, Germany; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry (M.A., B.M.), School of Medicine, the University of Jordan; The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes (M.E.-K.), Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), Amman, Jordan; Department of Medical Genetics (C.V.-G., A.D.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (B.T.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Karl Landsteiner Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mamoun Ahram
- Department of Neurology (E.M.R., S.P., C.S., F.L., F.Z., A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institut für Humangenetik (E.G., T.W., T.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany; Center for Brain Research (T.Z., H.L.), Medical University of Vienna; Division of Nephrology and Dialysis (C.K.), Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna; Department of Physical Medicine (M.K.), Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (C.M.L.), Institutes of Neurogenetics and for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology and Neuroimaging Center (NIC) (C.M.L.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Department of Human Genetics (S.H., J.T.E.), Ruhr-University Bochum; Herdecke (J.T.E.), ZBAF, Faculty of Health, University Witten; Department of Neurology (U.K.Z., M.H.), Neuroimmunological Section, University of Rostock; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Department of Clinical Genomics (A.D.), Department of Neuroscience (A.D.), Jeweils Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (S.G.M.), University of Muenster, Germany; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry (M.A., B.M.), School of Medicine, the University of Jordan; The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes (M.E.-K.), Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), Amman, Jordan; Department of Medical Genetics (C.V.-G., A.D.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (B.T.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Karl Landsteiner Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Baha Mustafa
- Department of Neurology (E.M.R., S.P., C.S., F.L., F.Z., A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institut für Humangenetik (E.G., T.W., T.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany; Center for Brain Research (T.Z., H.L.), Medical University of Vienna; Division of Nephrology and Dialysis (C.K.), Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna; Department of Physical Medicine (M.K.), Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (C.M.L.), Institutes of Neurogenetics and for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology and Neuroimaging Center (NIC) (C.M.L.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Department of Human Genetics (S.H., J.T.E.), Ruhr-University Bochum; Herdecke (J.T.E.), ZBAF, Faculty of Health, University Witten; Department of Neurology (U.K.Z., M.H.), Neuroimmunological Section, University of Rostock; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Department of Clinical Genomics (A.D.), Department of Neuroscience (A.D.), Jeweils Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (S.G.M.), University of Muenster, Germany; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry (M.A., B.M.), School of Medicine, the University of Jordan; The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes (M.E.-K.), Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), Amman, Jordan; Department of Medical Genetics (C.V.-G., A.D.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (B.T.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Karl Landsteiner Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mohammed El-Khateeb
- Department of Neurology (E.M.R., S.P., C.S., F.L., F.Z., A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institut für Humangenetik (E.G., T.W., T.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany; Center for Brain Research (T.Z., H.L.), Medical University of Vienna; Division of Nephrology and Dialysis (C.K.), Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna; Department of Physical Medicine (M.K.), Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (C.M.L.), Institutes of Neurogenetics and for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology and Neuroimaging Center (NIC) (C.M.L.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Department of Human Genetics (S.H., J.T.E.), Ruhr-University Bochum; Herdecke (J.T.E.), ZBAF, Faculty of Health, University Witten; Department of Neurology (U.K.Z., M.H.), Neuroimmunological Section, University of Rostock; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Department of Clinical Genomics (A.D.), Department of Neuroscience (A.D.), Jeweils Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (S.G.M.), University of Muenster, Germany; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry (M.A., B.M.), School of Medicine, the University of Jordan; The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes (M.E.-K.), Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), Amman, Jordan; Department of Medical Genetics (C.V.-G., A.D.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (B.T.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Karl Landsteiner Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carles Vilariño-Güell
- Department of Neurology (E.M.R., S.P., C.S., F.L., F.Z., A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institut für Humangenetik (E.G., T.W., T.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany; Center for Brain Research (T.Z., H.L.), Medical University of Vienna; Division of Nephrology and Dialysis (C.K.), Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna; Department of Physical Medicine (M.K.), Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (C.M.L.), Institutes of Neurogenetics and for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology and Neuroimaging Center (NIC) (C.M.L.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Department of Human Genetics (S.H., J.T.E.), Ruhr-University Bochum; Herdecke (J.T.E.), ZBAF, Faculty of Health, University Witten; Department of Neurology (U.K.Z., M.H.), Neuroimmunological Section, University of Rostock; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Department of Clinical Genomics (A.D.), Department of Neuroscience (A.D.), Jeweils Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (S.G.M.), University of Muenster, Germany; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry (M.A., B.M.), School of Medicine, the University of Jordan; The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes (M.E.-K.), Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), Amman, Jordan; Department of Medical Genetics (C.V.-G., A.D.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (B.T.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Karl Landsteiner Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Dessa Sadovnick
- Department of Neurology (E.M.R., S.P., C.S., F.L., F.Z., A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institut für Humangenetik (E.G., T.W., T.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany; Center for Brain Research (T.Z., H.L.), Medical University of Vienna; Division of Nephrology and Dialysis (C.K.), Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna; Department of Physical Medicine (M.K.), Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (C.M.L.), Institutes of Neurogenetics and for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology and Neuroimaging Center (NIC) (C.M.L.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Department of Human Genetics (S.H., J.T.E.), Ruhr-University Bochum; Herdecke (J.T.E.), ZBAF, Faculty of Health, University Witten; Department of Neurology (U.K.Z., M.H.), Neuroimmunological Section, University of Rostock; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Department of Clinical Genomics (A.D.), Department of Neuroscience (A.D.), Jeweils Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (S.G.M.), University of Muenster, Germany; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry (M.A., B.M.), School of Medicine, the University of Jordan; The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes (M.E.-K.), Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), Amman, Jordan; Department of Medical Genetics (C.V.-G., A.D.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (B.T.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Karl Landsteiner Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fritz Zimprich
- Department of Neurology (E.M.R., S.P., C.S., F.L., F.Z., A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institut für Humangenetik (E.G., T.W., T.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany; Center for Brain Research (T.Z., H.L.), Medical University of Vienna; Division of Nephrology and Dialysis (C.K.), Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna; Department of Physical Medicine (M.K.), Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (C.M.L.), Institutes of Neurogenetics and for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology and Neuroimaging Center (NIC) (C.M.L.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Department of Human Genetics (S.H., J.T.E.), Ruhr-University Bochum; Herdecke (J.T.E.), ZBAF, Faculty of Health, University Witten; Department of Neurology (U.K.Z., M.H.), Neuroimmunological Section, University of Rostock; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Department of Clinical Genomics (A.D.), Department of Neuroscience (A.D.), Jeweils Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (S.G.M.), University of Muenster, Germany; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry (M.A., B.M.), School of Medicine, the University of Jordan; The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes (M.E.-K.), Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), Amman, Jordan; Department of Medical Genetics (C.V.-G., A.D.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (B.T.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Karl Landsteiner Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgitta Tomkinson
- Department of Neurology (E.M.R., S.P., C.S., F.L., F.Z., A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institut für Humangenetik (E.G., T.W., T.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany; Center for Brain Research (T.Z., H.L.), Medical University of Vienna; Division of Nephrology and Dialysis (C.K.), Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna; Department of Physical Medicine (M.K.), Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (C.M.L.), Institutes of Neurogenetics and for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology and Neuroimaging Center (NIC) (C.M.L.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Department of Human Genetics (S.H., J.T.E.), Ruhr-University Bochum; Herdecke (J.T.E.), ZBAF, Faculty of Health, University Witten; Department of Neurology (U.K.Z., M.H.), Neuroimmunological Section, University of Rostock; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Department of Clinical Genomics (A.D.), Department of Neuroscience (A.D.), Jeweils Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (S.G.M.), University of Muenster, Germany; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry (M.A., B.M.), School of Medicine, the University of Jordan; The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes (M.E.-K.), Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), Amman, Jordan; Department of Medical Genetics (C.V.-G., A.D.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (B.T.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Karl Landsteiner Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tim Strom
- Department of Neurology (E.M.R., S.P., C.S., F.L., F.Z., A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institut für Humangenetik (E.G., T.W., T.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany; Center for Brain Research (T.Z., H.L.), Medical University of Vienna; Division of Nephrology and Dialysis (C.K.), Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna; Department of Physical Medicine (M.K.), Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (C.M.L.), Institutes of Neurogenetics and for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology and Neuroimaging Center (NIC) (C.M.L.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Department of Human Genetics (S.H., J.T.E.), Ruhr-University Bochum; Herdecke (J.T.E.), ZBAF, Faculty of Health, University Witten; Department of Neurology (U.K.Z., M.H.), Neuroimmunological Section, University of Rostock; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Department of Clinical Genomics (A.D.), Department of Neuroscience (A.D.), Jeweils Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (S.G.M.), University of Muenster, Germany; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry (M.A., B.M.), School of Medicine, the University of Jordan; The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes (M.E.-K.), Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), Amman, Jordan; Department of Medical Genetics (C.V.-G., A.D.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (B.T.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Karl Landsteiner Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kristoferitsch
- Department of Neurology (E.M.R., S.P., C.S., F.L., F.Z., A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institut für Humangenetik (E.G., T.W., T.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany; Center for Brain Research (T.Z., H.L.), Medical University of Vienna; Division of Nephrology and Dialysis (C.K.), Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna; Department of Physical Medicine (M.K.), Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (C.M.L.), Institutes of Neurogenetics and for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology and Neuroimaging Center (NIC) (C.M.L.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Department of Human Genetics (S.H., J.T.E.), Ruhr-University Bochum; Herdecke (J.T.E.), ZBAF, Faculty of Health, University Witten; Department of Neurology (U.K.Z., M.H.), Neuroimmunological Section, University of Rostock; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Department of Clinical Genomics (A.D.), Department of Neuroscience (A.D.), Jeweils Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (S.G.M.), University of Muenster, Germany; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry (M.A., B.M.), School of Medicine, the University of Jordan; The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes (M.E.-K.), Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), Amman, Jordan; Department of Medical Genetics (C.V.-G., A.D.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (B.T.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Karl Landsteiner Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans Lassmann
- Department of Neurology (E.M.R., S.P., C.S., F.L., F.Z., A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institut für Humangenetik (E.G., T.W., T.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany; Center for Brain Research (T.Z., H.L.), Medical University of Vienna; Division of Nephrology and Dialysis (C.K.), Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna; Department of Physical Medicine (M.K.), Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (C.M.L.), Institutes of Neurogenetics and for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology and Neuroimaging Center (NIC) (C.M.L.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Department of Human Genetics (S.H., J.T.E.), Ruhr-University Bochum; Herdecke (J.T.E.), ZBAF, Faculty of Health, University Witten; Department of Neurology (U.K.Z., M.H.), Neuroimmunological Section, University of Rostock; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Department of Clinical Genomics (A.D.), Department of Neuroscience (A.D.), Jeweils Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (S.G.M.), University of Muenster, Germany; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry (M.A., B.M.), School of Medicine, the University of Jordan; The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes (M.E.-K.), Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), Amman, Jordan; Department of Medical Genetics (C.V.-G., A.D.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (B.T.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Karl Landsteiner Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Zimprich
- Department of Neurology (E.M.R., S.P., C.S., F.L., F.Z., A.Z.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institut für Humangenetik (E.G., T.W., T.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany; Center for Brain Research (T.Z., H.L.), Medical University of Vienna; Division of Nephrology and Dialysis (C.K.), Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna; Department of Physical Medicine (M.K.), Rehabilitation and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics (C.M.L.), Institutes of Neurogenetics and for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck; Department of Neurology and Neuroimaging Center (NIC) (C.M.L.), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Department of Human Genetics (S.H., J.T.E.), Ruhr-University Bochum; Herdecke (J.T.E.), ZBAF, Faculty of Health, University Witten; Department of Neurology (U.K.Z., M.H.), Neuroimmunological Section, University of Rostock; Department of Neurology (A.D.), Department of Clinical Genomics (A.D.), Department of Neuroscience (A.D.), Jeweils Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (S.G.M.), University of Muenster, Germany; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry (M.A., B.M.), School of Medicine, the University of Jordan; The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes (M.E.-K.), Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), Amman, Jordan; Department of Medical Genetics (C.V.-G., A.D.S.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (B.T.), Uppsala University, Sweden; Karl Landsteiner Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria; and Institute for Neuroimmunological and Neurodegenerative Disorders (W.K.), SMZ-Ost-Donauspital, Vienna, Austria
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