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Huang J, Zhang D, Omedi JO, Lei Y, Su X, Wu M, Huang W. Improving the inhibitory resistance of xylanase FgXyn11C from Fusarium graminearum to SyXIP-I by site-directed mutagenesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132434. [PMID: 38788879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to improve the inhibitory resistance of xylanase FgXyn11C from Fusarium graminearum to XIP in cereal flour. Site saturation mutagenesis was performed using computer-aided redesign. Firstly, based on multiple primary structure alignments, the amino acid residues in the active site architecture were identified, and specific residue T144 in the thumb region of FgXyn11C was selected for site-saturation mutagenesis. After screening, FgXyn11CT144F was selected as the best mutant, as it displayed the highest enzymatic activity and resistance simultaneously compared to other mutants. The specific activity of FgXyn11CT144F was 208.8 U/mg and it exhibited complete resistance to SyXIP-I. Compared with the wild-type, FgXyn11CT144F displayed similar activity and the most resistant against SyXIP-I. The optimal temperature and pH of the wild-type and purified FgXyn11CT144F were similar at pH 5.0 and 30 °C. Our findings provided preliminary insight into how the specific residue at position 144 in the thumb region of FgXyn11C influenced the enzymatic properties and interacted with SyXIP-I. The inhibition sensitivity of FgXyn11C was reduced through directed evolution, leading to creation of the mutant enzyme FgXyn11CT144F. The FgXyn11CT144F resistance to SyXIP-I has potential application and can also provide references for engineering other resistant xylanases of the GHF11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, the Laboratory of Baking and Fermentation Science, Cereals/Sourdough and Ingredient Functionality Research, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jacob Ojobi Omedi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, the Laboratory of Baking and Fermentation Science, Cereals/Sourdough and Ingredient Functionality Research, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yuqing Lei
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaoya Su
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Minchen Wu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Weining Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, the Laboratory of Baking and Fermentation Science, Cereals/Sourdough and Ingredient Functionality Research, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Yang Y, Zhang C, Lu H, Wu Q, Wu Y, Li W, Li X. Improvement of thermostability and catalytic efficiency of xylanase from Myceliophthora thermophilar by N-terminal and C-terminal truncation. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1385329. [PMID: 38659990 PMCID: PMC11039872 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1385329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Extracting xylanase from thermophilic filamentous fungi is a feasible way to obtain xylanase with good thermal stability. Methods The transcriptomic data of Myceliophthora thermophilic destructive ATCC42464 were differentially expressed and enriched. By comparing the sequences of Mtxylan2 and more than 10 xylanases, the N-terminal and C-terminal of Mtxylan2 were truncated, and three mutants 28N, 28C and 28NC were constructed. Results and discussion GH11 xylan Mtxylan2 was identified by transcriptomic analysis, the specific enzyme activity of Mtxylan2 was 104.67 U/mg, and the optimal temperature was 65°C. Molecular modification of Mtxylan2 showed that the catalytic activity of the mutants was enhanced. Among them, the catalytic activity of 28C was increased by 9.3 times, the optimal temperature was increased by 5°C, and the residual enzyme activity remained above 80% after 30 min at 50-65°C, indicating that redundant C-terminal truncation can improve the thermal stability and catalytic performance of GH11 xylanase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| | - Chengnan Zhang
- Department of Exercise Biochemistry, Exercise Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| | - QiuHua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| | - Yanfang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| | - Xiuting Li
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
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Zhang D, Huang J, Liu Y, Chen X, Gao T, Li N, Huang W, Wu M. Directed Modification of a GHF11 Thermostable Xylanase AusM for Enhancing Inhibitory Resistance towards SyXIP-I and Application of AusM PKK in Bread Making. Foods 2023; 12:3574. [PMID: 37835228 PMCID: PMC10572589 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To reduce the inhibition sensitivity of a thermoresistant xylanase AusM to xylanase inhibitor protein (XIP)-type in wheat flour, the site-directed mutagenesis was conducted based on the computer-aided redesign. First, fourteen single-site variants and one three-amino acid replacement variant in the thumb region of an AusM-encoding gene (AusM) were constructed and expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3), respectively, as predicted theoretically. At a molar ratio of 100:1 between SyXIP-I/xylanase, the majority of mutants were nearly completely inactivated by the inhibitor SyXIP-I, whereas AusMN127A retained 62.7% of its initial activity and AusMPKK retained 100% of its initial activity. The optimal temperature of the best mutant AusMPKK was 60 °C, as opposed to 60-65 °C for AusM, while it exhibited improved thermostability, retaining approximately 60% of its residual activity after heating at 80 °C for 60 min. Furthermore, AusMPKK at a dosage of 1000 U/kg was more effective than AusM at 4000 U/kg in increasing specific bread loaf volume and reducing hardness during bread production and storage. Directed evolution of AusM significantly reduces inhibition sensitivity, and the mutant enzyme AusMPKK is conducive to improving bread quality and extending its shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, and the Laboratory of Baking and Fermentation Science, Cereals/Sourdough and Nutritional Functionality Research, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Youyi Liu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xingyi Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Tiecheng Gao
- Guangzhou Puratos Food Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Ning Li
- Guangzhou Puratos Food Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Weining Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, and the Laboratory of Baking and Fermentation Science, Cereals/Sourdough and Nutritional Functionality Research, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Minchen Wu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Li P, Wei X, Wang Y, Liu H, Xu Y, Zhang Z, Li J, Wang J, Guo C, Sui S, Wang J, Wang R. Improvement of optimum pH and specific activity of pectate lyase from Bacillus RN.1 using loop replacement. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1242123. [PMID: 37469444 PMCID: PMC10352616 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1242123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Alkaline pectate lyase plays an important role in papermaking, biological refining and wastewater treatment, but its industrial applications are largely limited owing to its low activity and poor alkali resistance. Methods: The alkaline pectate lyase BspPel from Bacillus RN.1 was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and its activity and alkali resistance were improved by loop replacement. Simultaneously, the effect of R260 on enzyme alkaline tolerance was also explored. Results: Recombinant pectate lyase (BspPel-th) showed the highest activity at 60°C and pH 11.0, and showed significant stability over a wide pH range (3.0-11.0). The specific enzyme activity after purification was 139.4 U/mg, which was 4.4 times higher than that of the wild-type enzyme. BspPel-th has good affinity for apple pectin, since the V max and K m were 29 μmol/min. mL and 0.46 mol/L, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulation results showed that the flexibility of the loop region of BspPel-th was improved. Conclusion: The modified BspPel-th has considerable potential for industrial applications with high pH processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piwu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Biological Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wei
- Department of Biological Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanpeng Xu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Junlin Li
- Zhucheng Dongxiao Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Zhucheng, Shandong, China
| | - Jianbin Wang
- Zhucheng Dongxiao Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Zhucheng, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanzhuang Guo
- Zhucheng Dongxiao Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Zhucheng, Shandong, China
| | - Songsen Sui
- Zhucheng Dongxiao Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Zhucheng, Shandong, China
| | - Junqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Biological Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ruiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking (LBMP), Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Biological Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Zhao B, Jin Z, Yu Y, Li Y, Wang J, Wan W, Hu C, Li X, Li Y, Xin W, Kang L, Yang H, Wang J, Gao S. A Thermostable Dissolving Microneedle Vaccine with Recombinant Protein of Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype A. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14120881. [PMID: 36548778 PMCID: PMC9781108 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14120881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a Class A bioterrorism agent, botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) carries the risk of being used by terrorists to cause mass poisoning. The microneedle (MN) patch has a great potential for application as a novel vaccine delivery method. The aim of this study is to develop a thermally stable, dissolving microneedle patch for the delivery of a recombinant protein vaccine using a recombinant C-terminal heavy chain of BoNT/A (Hc of BoNT/A, AHc) to prevent botulism. METHODS Fish gelatin, a natural non-toxic and bacteriostatic material, was selected as the microneedle matrix for the preparation of the dissolving microneedle vaccine. Subsequently, the mechanical performance, bacteriostatic properties, vaccination effect, and stability of the microneedle patches were evaluated using instruments such as the displacement-force test station and optical coherence tomography (OCT) scanner. RESULTS Fish gelatin matrix at high concentrations has good bacteriostatic properties, and excellent mechanical performance and vaccination effect, meeting the necessities of a vaccine. In both in vivo and in vitro neutralization experiments, MN vaccines containing different antigen doses achieved the same protective efficacy as subcutaneous vaccinations, protecting mice against 106 LD50 of BoNT/A injected intraperitoneally. Thermal stability analysis of the MN vaccines revealed that the fish gelatin matrix protected the AHc vaccine from protein denaturation even after 7 days of storage at 37 °C and enabled the vaccine patches to maintain good immunogenicity and protective efficacy even after 6 months of storage at room temperature. CONCLUSION In this study, we successfully prepared a bacteriostatic MN patch using a fish gelatin matrix that not only has a good vaccination effect, but also obviates the need for a cold chain for the AHc vaccine, providing the possibility of rapid, painless, and large-scale vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Zhiying Jin
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yunzhou Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China
| | - Wei Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China
| | - Chenyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yanwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China
| | - Wenwen Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China
| | - Lin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China
| | - Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (J.W.); (S.G.); Tel./Fax: +86+010+66948643 (H.Y. & S.G.); +86+010+66948531 (J.W.)
| | - Jinglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (J.W.); (S.G.); Tel./Fax: +86+010+66948643 (H.Y. & S.G.); +86+010+66948531 (J.W.)
| | - Shan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (J.W.); (S.G.); Tel./Fax: +86+010+66948643 (H.Y. & S.G.); +86+010+66948531 (J.W.)
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Li Y, Song W, Yin X, Rao S, Zhang Q, Zhou J, Li J, Du G, Liu S. Enhanced catalytic performance of thermophilic GH11 xylanase by fusing carbohydrate-binding module 9-2 and linker for better synergistic degradation of wheat bran. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yao D, Yu Q, Xu L, Su T, Ma L, Wang X, Wu M, Li Z, Zhang D, Wang C. Wheat supplement with buckwheat affect gut microbiome composition and circulate short-chain fatty acids. Front Nutr 2022; 9:952738. [PMID: 36147303 PMCID: PMC9486400 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.952738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Buckwheat has beneficial effects on human intestinal health, which is often compounded with wheat to make food. Therefore, the effect of cereals mixture via in vitro fermentation on gut microbes and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were investigated in this study. The mixture of wheat and tartary buckwheat (WT) produced more lactate and acetate, and the mixture of wheat and sweet buckwheat (WE) produced more propionate and butyrate. Compared with wheat (WA), the relative abundance of some beneficial bacteria significantly increased, such as Sutterella in WT and Faecalibacterium in WE. Cereals mixture also affected the expression of functional genes, involved in metabolic pathways and carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) that modulated SCFAs generation. This study provides new insights into the effects of sweet and tartary buckwheat on intestinal function, which is beneficial to applying both types of buckwheat in practical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yao
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- *Correspondence: Di Yao,
| | - Qiaoru Yu
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Lei Xu
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Tingting Su
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Lixue Ma
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Mengna Wu
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Zhijiang Li
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Engineering Research Center for Coarse Cereals Processing and Quality Safety, Daqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing and Quality Safety of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing, China
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Dongjie Zhang
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Engineering Research Center for Coarse Cereals Processing and Quality Safety, Daqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing and Quality Safety of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing, China
| | - Changyuan Wang
- College of Food, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
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Li LP, Peng KL, Xue MY, Zhu SL, Liu JX, Sun HZ. An Age Effect of Rumen Microbiome in Dairy Buffaloes Revealed by Metagenomics. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081491. [PMID: 35893549 PMCID: PMC9332492 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Age is an important factor in shaping the gut microbiome. However, the age effect on the rumen microbial community for dairy buffaloes remains less explored. Using metagenomics, we examined the microbial composition and functions of rumen microbiota in dairy Murrah buffaloes of different ages: Y (1 year old), M (3−5 years old), E (6−8 years old), and O (>9 years old). We found that Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the predominant phyla, with Prevotella accounting for the highest abundance at the genus level. The proportion of Bacteroides and Methanobrevibacter significantly increased with age, while the abundance of genus Lactobacillus significantly decreased with age (LDA > 3, p < 0.05). Most differed COG and KEGG pathways were enriched in Y with carbohydrate metabolism, while older buffaloes enriched more functions of protein metabolism and the processing of replication and repair (LDA > 2, p < 0.05). Additionally, the functional contribution analysis revealed that the genera Prevotella and Lactobacillus of Y with more functions of CAZymes encoded genes of glycoside hydrolases and carbohydrate esterases for their roles of capable of metabolizing starch and sucrose-associated oligosaccharide enzyme, hemicellulase, and cellulase activities than the other three groups (LDA > 2, p < 0.05), thus affecting the 1-year-old dairy buffalo rumen carbohydrate metabolism. This study provides comprehensive dairy buffalo rumen metagenome data and assists in manipulating the rumen microbiome for improved dairy buffalo production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Ping Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.-P.L.); (K.-L.P.); (M.-Y.X.); (S.-L.Z.); (J.-X.L.)
- Shaanxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Cashmere Goats, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China
| | - Ke-Lan Peng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.-P.L.); (K.-L.P.); (M.-Y.X.); (S.-L.Z.); (J.-X.L.)
| | - Ming-Yuan Xue
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.-P.L.); (K.-L.P.); (M.-Y.X.); (S.-L.Z.); (J.-X.L.)
| | - Sen-Lin Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.-P.L.); (K.-L.P.); (M.-Y.X.); (S.-L.Z.); (J.-X.L.)
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.-P.L.); (K.-L.P.); (M.-Y.X.); (S.-L.Z.); (J.-X.L.)
| | - Hui-Zeng Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (L.-P.L.); (K.-L.P.); (M.-Y.X.); (S.-L.Z.); (J.-X.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0571-88981341
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Li Y, Li C, Huang H, Rao S, Zhang Q, Zhou J, Li J, Du G, Liu S. Significantly Enhanced Thermostability of Aspergillus niger Xylanase by Modifying Its Highly Flexible Regions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4620-4630. [PMID: 35404048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the thermostability of an acid-resistant GH11 xylanase (xynA) from Aspergillus niger AG11 was enhanced through systematic modification of its four highly flexible regions (HFRs) predicted using MD simulations. Among them, HFR I (residues 92-100) and HFR II (residues 121-130) were modified by iterative saturation mutagenesis (ISM), yielding mutants G92F/G97S/G100K and T121V/A124P/I126V/T129L/A130N, respectively. For HFR III, the N-(residues 1-37) and C-termini (residues 179-188) were, respectively, substituted with the corresponding sequences from thermophilic EvXyn11TS and Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis xylanase. N-Glycosylation was introduced into HFR IV (residues 50-70) through site-directed mutation (A55N/D57S/S61N) and the recombinant expression in A. niger AG11. Combining these positive mutations from each HFR yielded the variant xynAm1 with 137.6- and 1.3-fold increases in half-life at 50 °C and specific activity compared to the wild-type xynA, respectively. With the highest thermostability at 80 and 90 °C in reports, xynAm1 could be a robust candidate for industrial applications in functional foods, feed products, and bioethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cen Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hao Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shengqi Rao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 214122, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Dalian Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals, SINOPEC, Dalian 116000, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Song Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
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10
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Yang J, Ma T, Shang-Guan F, Han Z. Improving the catalytic activity of thermostable xylanase from Thermotoga maritima via mutagenesis of non-catalytic residues at glycone subsites. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 139:109579. [PMID: 32732029 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Endo-β-1,4-xylanase from Thermotoga maritima, TmxB, is an industrially attractive enzyme due to its extreme thermostability. To improve its application value, four variants were designed on the basis of multiple sequence and three-dimensional structure alignments. Wild-type TmxB (wt-TmxB) and its mutants were produced via a Pichia pastoris expression system. Among four single-site mutants, the tyrosine substitution of a threonine residue (T74Y) at putative -3/-4 subsite led to a 1.3-fold increase in specific activity at 40 °C - 100 °C and pH 5 for 5 min, with beechwood xylan as the substrate. T74Y had an improved catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km), being 1.6 times that of wt-TmxB. Variants DY (two amino acid insertions) and N68Q displayed a slight increase (1.2 fold) and dramatic decline (1.7 fold) in catalytic efficiency, respectively. Mutant E67Y was totally inactive under all test conditions. Structural modeling and docking simulation elucidated structural insights into the molecular mechanism of activity changes for these TmxB variants. This study helps in further understanding the roles of the non-catalytic amino acids at the glycone subsites of xylanases from glycoside hydrolase family 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangke Yang
- College of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Tengfei Ma
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Fang Shang-Guan
- College of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Zhenggang Han
- College of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
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11
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Characteristics and Functions of the Rumen Microbial Community of Cattle-Yak at Different Ages. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3482692. [PMID: 32190661 PMCID: PMC7073488 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3482692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A cattle-yak, which is a hybrid between a yak (Bos grunniens) and cattle (Bos taurus), is an important livestock animal, but basic questions regarding its physiology and environmental adaptation remain unanswered. To address this issue, the present study examined the species composition and functional characteristics of rumen microorganisms in the cattle-yak of different ages (2 and 3 years old) by metagenomic analysis. We found that rumen microbial community composition was similar at the two ages. Firmicutes, Fibrobacteres, Euryarchaeota, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were the predominant phyla, with Firmicutes accounting for the highest percentage of bacteria in 2-year-old (48%) and 3-year-old (46%) animals. Bacterial species involved in lignocellulose degradation were detected in the rumen of adult cattle-yaks including Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Ruminococcus albus, Fibrobacter succinogenes, and Prevotella ruminicola, with F. succinogenes being the most abundant. A total of 145,489 genes were annotated according to the Carbohydrate-active Enzyme database, which identified glycoside hydrolases as the most highly represented enzyme family. Further functional annotation revealed specific microflora and genes in the adult rumen that are potentially related to plateau adaptability. These results could explain the heterosis of the cattle-yak and provide insight into mechanisms of physiologic adaptation in plateau animals.
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12
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Significant improvement in catalytic activity and enantioselectivity of a Phaseolus vulgaris epoxide hydrolase, PvEH3, towards ortho-cresyl glycidyl ether based on the semi-rational design. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1680. [PMID: 32015448 PMCID: PMC6997370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58693-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The investigation of substrate spectrum towards five racemic (rac-) aryl glycidyl ethers (1a-5a) indicated that E. coli/pveh3, an E. coli BL21(DE3) transformant harboring a PvEH3-encoding gene pveh3, showed the highest EH activity and enantiomeric ratio (E) towards rac-3a. For efficiently catalyzing the kinetic resolution of rac-3a, the activity and E value of PvEH3 were further improved by site-directed mutagenesis of selected residues. Based on the semi-rational design of an NC-loop in PvEH3, four single-site variants of pveh3 were amplified by PCR, and intracellularly expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3), respectively. E. coli/pveh3E134K and /pveh3T137P had the enhanced EH activities of 15.3 ± 0.4 and 16.1 ± 0.5 U/g wet cell as well as E values of 21.7 ± 1.0 and 21.2 ± 1.1 towards rac-3a. Subsequently, E. coli/pveh3E134K/T137P harboring a double-site variant gene was also constructed, having the highest EH activity of 22.4 ± 0.6 U/g wet cell and E value of 24.1 ± 1.2. The specific activity of the purified PvEH3E134K/T137P (14.5 ± 0.5 U/mg protein) towards rac-3a and its catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km of 5.67 mM-1 s-1) for (S)-3a were 1.7- and 3.54-fold those (8.4 ± 0.3 U/mg and 1.60 mM-1 s-1) of PvEH3. The gram-scale kinetic resolution of rac-3a using whole wet cells of E. coli/pveh3E134K/T137P was performed at 20 °C for 7.0 h, producing (R)-3a with 99.4% ees and 38.5 ± 1.2% yield. Additionally, the mechanism of PvEH3E134K/T137P with remarkably improved E value was analyzed by molecular docking simulation.
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13
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Han N, Ma Y, Mu Y, Tang X, Li J, Huang Z. Enhancing thermal tolerance of a fungal GH11 xylanase guided by B-factor analysis and multiple sequence alignment. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 131:109422. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.109422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Synergistic effects between the additions of a disulphide bridge and an N-terminal hydrophobic sidechain on the binding pocket tilting and enhanced Xyn11A activity. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 672:108068. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Xiong K, Hou J, Jiang Y, Li X, Teng C, Li Q, Fan G, Yang R, Zhang C. Mutagenesis of N-terminal residues confer thermostability on a Penicillium janthinellum MA21601 xylanase. BMC Biotechnol 2019; 19:51. [PMID: 31345213 PMCID: PMC6659274 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-019-0541-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A mesophilic xylanase PjxA from Penicillium janthinellum MA21601 has high specific activity under acidic condition and holds great potential for applications in the animal feed industry. To enhance the thermostability of xylanase PjxA, two mutation strategies in the N-terminal region were examined and then integrated into the xylanase to further improvement. The recombinant xylanase PTxA-DB (The meaning of DB is disulfide-bridge.) was constructed by replacement of five residues in the mutated region in TfxA (T10Y, N11H, N12D, Y15F, N30 L), combined with an additional disulfide bridge in the N-terminal region. RESULTS The Tm value of mutant PTxA-DB was improved from 21.3 °C to 76.6 °C, and its half-life was found to be 53.6 min at 60 °C, 107-fold higher than the wild type strain. The location of the disulfide bridge (T2C-T29C) was between the irregular loop and the β-strand A2, accounting for most of the improvement in thermostability of PjxA. Further analysis indicated T2C, T29C, N30 L and Y15F lead to increase N-terminal hydrophobicity. Moreover, the specific activity and substrate affinity of PTxA-DB were also enhanced under the acidic pH values. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated PTxA-DB could be a prospective additive to industrial animal feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xiong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, No 11 Fucheng Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, No 11 Fucheng Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, No 11 Fucheng Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jie Hou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, No 11 Fucheng Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, No 11 Fucheng Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuefeng Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, No 11 Fucheng Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, No 11 Fucheng Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiuting Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, No 11 Fucheng Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, No 11 Fucheng Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, No 11 Fucheng Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Chao Teng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, No 11 Fucheng Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, No 11 Fucheng Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qin Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, No 11 Fucheng Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, No 11 Fucheng Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guangsen Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, No 11 Fucheng Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China.,School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Ran Yang
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, No 11 Fucheng Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, No 11 Fucheng Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China.,School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Chengnan Zhang
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, No 11 Fucheng Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University, No 11 Fucheng Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China.,School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
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16
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Gao DY, Sun XB, Liu MQ, Liu YN, Zhang HE, Shi XL, Li YN, Wang JK, Yin SJ, Wang Q. Characterization of Thermostable and Chimeric Enzymes via Isopeptide Bond-Mediated Molecular Cyclization. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:6837-6846. [PMID: 31180217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Mannooligosaccharides are released by mannan-degrading endo-β-1,4-mannanase and are known as functional additives in human and animal diets. To satisfy demands for biocatalysis and bioprocessing in crowed environments, in this study, we employed a recently developed enzyme-engineering system, isopeptide bond-mediated molecular cyclization, to modify a mesophilic mannanase from Bacillus subtilis. The results revealed that the cyclized enzymes showed enhanced thermostability and ion stability and resilience to aggregation and freeze-thaw treatment by maintaining their conformational structures. Additionally, by using the SpyTag/SpyCatcher system, we generated a mannanase-xylanase bifunctional enzyme that exhibited a synergistic activity in substrate deconstruction without compromising substrate affinity. Interestingly, the dual-enzyme ring conformation was observed to be more robust than the linear enzyme but inferior to the single-enzyme ring conformation. Taken together, these findings provided new insights into the mechanisms of molecular cyclization on stability improvement and will be useful in the production of new functional oligosaccharides and feed additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Ying Gao
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences , Zhejiang Wanli University , Ningbo 315100 , Zhejiang , China
| | - Xiao-Bao Sun
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences , Zhejiang Wanli University , Ningbo 315100 , Zhejiang , China
| | - Ming-Qi Liu
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Quality Controlling Technology and Instrumentation for Marine Food, College of Life Science , China Jiliang University , Hangzhou 310018 , Zhejiang , China
| | - Yan-Ni Liu
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences , Zhejiang Wanli University , Ningbo 315100 , Zhejiang , China
| | - Hui-En Zhang
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences , Zhejiang Wanli University , Ningbo 315100 , Zhejiang , China
| | - Xin-Lei Shi
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences , Zhejiang Wanli University , Ningbo 315100 , Zhejiang , China
| | - Yang-Nan Li
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences , Zhejiang Wanli University , Ningbo 315100 , Zhejiang , China
| | - Jia-Kun Wang
- College of Animal Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , Zhejiang , China
| | - Shang-Jun Yin
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences , Zhejiang Wanli University , Ningbo 315100 , Zhejiang , China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences , Zhejiang Wanli University , Ningbo 315100 , Zhejiang , China
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17
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Li Q, Wu T, Duan Y, Pei J, Zhao L. Improving the Thermostability and pH Stability of Aspergillus niger Xylanase by Site-directed Mutagenesis. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683819020108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Ren W, Liu L, Gu L, Yan W, Feng YL, Dong D, Wang S, Lyu M, Wang C. Crystal Structure of GH49 Dextranase from Arthrobacter oxidans KQ11: Identification of Catalytic Base and Improvement of Thermostability Using Semirational Design Based on B-Factors. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4355-4366. [PMID: 30919632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structure of Dextranase from the marine bacterium Arthrobacter oxidans KQ11 (Aodex) was determined at a resolution of 1.4 Å. The crystal structure of the conserved Aodex fragment (Ala52-Thr638) consisted of an N-terminal domain N and a C-terminal domain C. The N-terminal domain N was identified as a β-sandwich, connected to a right-handed parallel β-helix at the C-terminus. Sequence comparisons, cavity regions, and key residues of the catalytic domain analysis all suggested that the Aodex was an inverting enzyme, and the catalytic acid and base were Asp439 and Asp420, respectively. Asp440 was not a general base in the Aodex catalytic domain, and Asp396 in Dex49A may not be a general base in the catalytic domain. The thermostability of the S357F mutant using semirational design based on B-factors was clearly better than that of wild-type Aodex. This process may promote the aromatic-aromatic interactions that increase the thermostability of mutant Phe357.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ren
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Changhai Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , People's Republic of China
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19
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He J, Tang F, Chen D, Yu B, Luo Y, Zheng P, Mao X, Yu J, Yu F. Design, expression and functional characterization of a thermostable xylanase from Trichoderma reesei. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210548. [PMID: 30650138 PMCID: PMC6334952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylanases isolated from microorganisms such as the Trichoderma reesei have attracted considerable research interest because of their potential in various industrial applications. However, naturally isolated xylanases cannot withstand harsh conditions such as high temperature and basic pH. In this study, we performed structural analysis of the major T. reesei xylanase (Xyn2), and novel flexible regions of the enzyme were identified based on B-factor, a molecular dynamics (MD) parameter. To improve thermostability of the Xyn2, disulfide bonds were introduced into the unstable flexible region by using site-directed mutagenesis and two recombinant xylanases, XM1 (Xyn2Cys12-52) and XM2 (Xyn2Cys59-149) were successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris. Secreted recombinant Xyn2 was estimated by SDS-PAGE to be 24 kDa. Interestingly, the half-lives of XM1 and XM2 at 60°C were 2.5- and 1.8- fold higher, respectively than those of native Xyn2. The XM1 also exhibited improved pH stability and maintained more than 60% activity over pH values ranging from 2.0 to 10.0. However, the specific activity and catalytic efficiency of XM1 was decreased as compared to those of XM2 and native Xyn2. Our results will assist not only in elucidating of the interactions between protein structure and function, but also in rational target selection for improving the thermostability of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Feng Tang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
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20
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Disulfide bonds elimination of endoglucanase II from Trichoderma reesei by site-directed mutagenesis to improve enzyme activity and thermal stability: An experimental and theoretical approach. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:1572-1580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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21
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Yang A, Cheng J, Liu M, Shangguan Y, Liu L. Sandwich fusion of CBM9_2 to enhance xylanase thermostability and activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:586-591. [PMID: 29852224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Used as model for sandwich fusion, a mesophilic Aspergillus niger GH11 xylanase (Xyn) was fused into C2-Xyn-C2 with a thermophilic Thermotaga maritima GH10 xylanase carbohydrate-binding module CBM9_2 (C2). Linearized plasmids C2-pET20b-C2-Xyn were amplified from template pET20b-Xyn-C2 with a 4.3 kb C2-pET20b megaprimer, ligated into circular plasmids in blunt-end ligation, and transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells. The C2-Xyn-C2 had optimum activity at 45 °C and pH 4.2, a 2.85 h thermal inactivation half-life at 80 °C and a 8.69 h at 50 °C, with the 8.69 h value 24.8-, 7.5-, and 7.1-fold longer than the Xyn and single terminal fusion enzymes Xyn-C2, and C2-Xyn. Thermodynamics showed that the enzyme had a 1.8 °C higher melting temperature, lower values ΔS, ΔΔG, and a denser structure than the Xyn. Kinetics showed that the C2-Xyn-C2 catalytic efficiency was 1.2-~6-fold and 2.7-~7.9-fold higher on beechwood and oat-spelt xylan than those of the enzymes Xyn, Xyn-C2, and C2-Xyn. The sandwich fusion evolved the xylanase with "armor-hands" to enhance simultaneously thermostability and activity in quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Yang
- the Life Science College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jinsheng Cheng
- the Life Science College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Meng Liu
- the Life Science College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yunjie Shangguan
- the Life Science College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Liangwei Liu
- the Life Science College, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; The Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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22
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Li C, Li J, Wang R, Li X, Li J, Deng C, Wu M. Substituting Both the N-Terminal and “Cord” Regions of a Xylanase from Aspergillus oryzae to Improve Its Temperature Characteristics. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 185:1044-1059. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2681-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Li XQ, Wu Q, Hu D, Wang R, Liu Y, Wu MC, Li JF. Improving the temperature characteristics and catalytic efficiency of a mesophilic xylanase from Aspergillus oryzae, AoXyn11A, by iterative mutagenesis based on in silico design. AMB Express 2017; 7:97. [PMID: 28508385 PMCID: PMC5432455 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0399-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the temperature characteristics and catalytic efficiency of a glycoside hydrolase family (GHF) 11 xylanase from Aspergillus oryzae (AoXyn11A), its variants were predicted based on in silico design. Firstly, Gly21 with the maximum B-factor value, which was confirmed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation on the three-dimensional structure of AoXyn11A, was subjected to site-saturation mutagenesis. Thus, one variant with the highest thermostability, AoXyn11AG21I, was selected from the mutagenesis library, E. coli/Aoxyn11AG21X (X: any one of 20 amino acids). Secondly, based on the primary structure multiple alignment of AoXyn11A with seven thermophilic GHF11 xylanases, AoXyn11AY13F or AoXyn11AG21I–Y13F, was designed by replacing Tyr13 in AoXyn11A or AoXyn11AG21I with Phe. Finally, three variant-encoding genes, Aoxyn11AG21I, Aoxyn11AY13F and Aoxyn11AG21I–Y13F, were constructed by two-stage whole-plasmid PCR method, and expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115, respectively. The temperature optimum (Topt) of recombinant (re) AoXyn11AG21I–Y13F was 60 °C, being 5 °C higher than that of reAoXyn11AG21I or reAoXyn11AY13F, and 10 °C higher than that of reAoXyn11A. The thermal inactivation half-life (t1/2) of reAoXyn11AG21I–Y13F at 50 °C was 240 min, being 40-, 3.4- and 2.5-fold longer than those of reAoXyn11A, reAoXyn11AG21I and reAoXyn11AY13F. The melting temperature (Tm) values of reAoXyn11A, reAoXyn11AG21I, reAoXyn11AY13F and reAoXyn11AG21I–Y13F were 52.3, 56.5, 58.6 and 61.3 °C, respectively. These findings indicated that the iterative mutagenesis of both Gly21Ile and Tyr13Phe improved the temperature characteristics of AoXyn11A in a synergistic mode. Besides those, the catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of reAoXyn11AG21I–Y13F was 473.1 mL mg−1 s−1, which was 1.65-fold higher than that of reAoXyn11A.
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Hu D, Tang C, Li C, Kan T, Shi X, Feng L, Wu M. Stereoselective Hydrolysis of Epoxides by reVrEH3, a Novel Vigna radiata Epoxide Hydrolase with High Enantioselectivity or High and Complementary Regioselectivity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:9861-9870. [PMID: 29058432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To provide more options for the stereoselective hydrolysis of epoxides, an epoxide hydrolase (VrEH3) gene from Vigna radiata was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Recombinant VrEH3 displayed the maximum activity at pH 7.0 and 45 °C and high stability at pH 4.5-7.5 and 55 °C. Notably, reVrEH3 exhibited high and complementary regioselectivity toward styrene oxides 1a-3a and high enantioselectivity (E = 48.7) toward o-cresyl glycidyl ether 9a. To elucidate these interesting phenomena, the interactions of the three-dimensional structure between VrEH3 and enantiomers of 1a and 9a were analyzed by molecular docking simulation. Using E. coli/vreh3 whole cells, gram-scale preparations of (R)-1b and (R)-9a were performed by enantioconvergent hydrolysis of 100 mM rac-1a and kinetic resolution of 200 mM rac-9a in the buffer-free water system at 25 °C. These afforded (R)-1b with >99% eep and 78.7% overall yield after recrystallization and (R)-9a with >99% ees, 38.7% overall yield, and 12.7 g/L/h space-time yield.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cunduo Tang
- Nanyang Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bio-reactor, Nanyang Normal University , Henan 473061, China
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Thermostability improvement of a Talaromyces leycettanus xylanase by rational protein engineering. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15287. [PMID: 29127292 PMCID: PMC5681632 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12659-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermophilic xylanases with high catalytic efficiency are of great interest in the biofuel, food and feed industries. This study identified a GH11 xylanase gene, Tlxyn11B, in Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802. Recombinant TlXyn11B produced in Pichia pastoris is distinguished by high specific activity (8259 ± 32 U/mg with beechwood xylan as substrate) and excellent pH stability (from 1.0 to 10.5). The beechwood xylan hydrolysates consisted mainly of xylobiose, xylotriose and xylotetraose, thus TlXyn11B could be used for the production of prebiotic xylooligosaccharide. By using the structure-based rational approach, the N-terminal sequence of TlXyn11B was modified for thermostability improvement. Mutants S3F and S3F/D35V/I/Q/M had elevated Tm values of 60.01 to 67.84 °C, with S3F/D35I the greatest. Homology modeling and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analysis revealed that the substituted F3 and I35 formed a sandwich structure with S45 and T47, which may enhance the overall structure rigidity with lowered RMSD values. This study verifies the efficiency of rational approach in thermostability improvement and provides a xylanase candidate of GH11 with great commercialization potential.
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Wu X, Tian Z, Jiang X, Zhang Q, Wang L. Enhancement in catalytic activity of Aspergillus niger XynB by selective site-directed mutagenesis of active site amino acids. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 102:249-260. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8607-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Site-directed mutagenesis of GH10 xylanase A from Penicillium canescens for determining factors affecting the enzyme thermostability. Int J Biol Macromol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Han N, Miao H, Ding J, Li J, Mu Y, Zhou J, Huang Z. Improving the thermostability of a fungal GH11 xylanase via site-directed mutagenesis guided by sequence and structural analysis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:133. [PMID: 28546828 PMCID: PMC5442702 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0824-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xylanases have been widely employed in many industrial processes, and thermophilic xylanases are in great demand for meeting the high-temperature requirements of biotechnological treatments. In this work, we aim to improve the thermostability of XynCDBFV, a glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 11 xylanase from the ruminal fungus Neocallimastix patriciarum, by site-directed mutagenesis. We report favorable mutations at the C-terminus from B-factor comparison and multiple sequence alignment. RESULTS C-terminal residues 207-NGGA-210 in XynCDBFV were discovered to exhibit pronounced flexibility based on comparison of normalized B-factors. Multiple sequence alignment revealed that beneficial residues 207-SSGS-210 are highly conserved in GH11 xylanases. Thus, a recombinant xylanase, Xyn-MUT, was constructed by substituting three residues (N207S, G208S, A210S) at the C-terminus of XynCDBFV. Xyn-MUT exhibited higher thermostability than XynCDBFV at ≥70 °C. Xyn-MUT showed promising improvement in residual activity with a thermal retention of 14% compared to that of XynCDBFV after 1 h incubation at 80 °C; Xyn-MUT maintained around 50% of the maximal activity after incubation at 95 °C for 1 h. Kinetic measurements showed that the recombinant Xyn-MUT had greater kinetic efficiency than XynCDBFV (Km, 0.22 and 0.59 µM, respectively). Catalytic efficiency values (kcat/Km) of Xyn-MUT also increased (1.64-fold) compared to that of XynCDBFV. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to explore the improved catalytic efficiency and thermostability: (1) the substrate-binding cleft of Xyn-MUT prefers to open to a larger extent to allow substrate access to the active site residues, and (2) hydrogen bond pairs S208-N205 and S210-A55 in Xyn-MUT contribute significantly to the improved thermostability. In addition, three xylanases with single point mutations were tested, and temperature assays verified that the substituted residues S208 and S210 give rise to the improved thermostability. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report for GH11 recombinant with improved thermostability based on C-terminus replacement. The resulting Xyn-MUT will be an attractive candidate for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanyu Han
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500 China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500 China
| | - Huabiao Miao
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500 China
| | - Junmei Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500 China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500 China
| | - Junjun Li
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500 China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500 China
| | - Yuelin Mu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500 China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500 China
| | - Junpei Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500 China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500 China
| | - Zunxi Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500 China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500 China
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Tang F, Chen D, Yu B, Luo Y, Zheng P, Mao X, Yu J, He J. Improving the thermostability of Trichoderma reesei xylanase 2 by introducing disulfide bonds. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Hu D, Li J, Wu Q, Zang J, Cheng J, Wu M. Improved temperature characteristics of an Aspergillus oryzae GHF11 xylanase, by in silico design and site-directed mutagenesis. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-016-0339-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ergün BG, Çalık P. Lignocellulose degrading extremozymes produced by Pichia pastoris: current status and future prospects. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 39:1-36. [PMID: 26497303 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this review article, extremophilic lignocellulosic enzymes with special interest on xylanases, β-mannanases, laccases and finally cellulases, namely, endoglucanases, exoglucanases and β-glucosidases produced by Pichia pastoris are reviewed for the first time. Recombinant lignocellulosic extremozymes are discussed from the perspectives of their potential application areas; characteristics of recombinant and native enzymes; the effects of P. pastoris expression system on recombinant extremozymes; and their expression levels and applied strategies to increase the enzyme expression yield. Further, effects of enzyme domains on activity and stability, protein engineering via molecular dynamics simulation and computational prediction, and site-directed mutagenesis and amino acid modifications done are also focused. Superior enzyme characteristics and improved stability due to the proper post-translational modifications and better protein folding performed by P. pastoris make this host favourable for extremozyme production. Especially, glycosylation contributes to the structure, function and stability of enzymes, as generally glycosylated enzymes produced by P. pastoris exhibit better thermostability than non-glycosylated enzymes. However, there has been limited study on enzyme engineering to improve catalytic efficiency and stability of lignocellulosic enzymes. Thus, in the future, studies should focus on protein engineering to improve stability and catalytic efficiency via computational modelling, mutations, domain replacements and fusion enzyme technology. Also metagenomic data need to be used more extensively to produce novel enzymes with extreme characteristics and stability.
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Zhou CY, Li TB, Wang YT, Zhu XS, Kang J. Exploration of a N-terminal disulfide bridge to improve the thermostability of a GH11 xylanase from Aspergillus niger. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2016; 62:83-9. [DOI: 10.2323/jgam.62.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yan Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Tong-Biao Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Yong-Tao Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Xin-Shu Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Jing Kang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University
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Classification, mode of action and production strategy of xylanase and its application for biofuel production from water hyacinth. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 82:1041-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Hu D, Ye HH, Wu MC, Feng F, Zhu LJ, Yin X, Li JF. Chemoenzymatic preparation of (S)-p-nitrostyrene oxide from p-nitrophenacyl bromide by recombinant Escherichia coli cells expressing a novel halohydrin dehalogenase. CATAL COMMUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2015.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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35
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Enhancement of the thermostability of Streptomyces kathirae SC-1 tyrosinase by rational design and empirical mutation. Enzyme Microb Technol 2015; 77:54-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Improvement in the thermostability of a type A feruloyl esterase, AuFaeA, from Aspergillus usamii by iterative saturation mutagenesis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:10047-56. [PMID: 26266754 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6889-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Feruloyl or ferulic acid esterase (Fae, EC 3.1.1.73) catalyzes the hydrolysis of ester bonds between polysaccharides and phenolic acid compounds in xylan side chain. In this study, the thermostability of a type A feruloyl esterase (AuFaeA) from Aspergillus usamii was increased by iterative saturation mutagenesis (ISM). Two amino acids, Ser33 and Asn92, were selected for saturation mutagenesis according to the B-factors analyzed by B-FITTER software and ΔΔG values predicted by PoPMuSiC algorithm. After screening the saturation mutagenesis libraries constructed in Pichia pastoris, 15 promising variants were obtained. The best variant S33E/N92-4 (S33E/N92R) produced a T m value of 44.5 °C, the half-lives (t1/2) of 35 and 198 min at 55 and 50 °C, respectively, corresponding to a 4.7 °C, 2.33- and 3.96-fold improvement compared to the wild type. Additionally, the best S33 variant S33-6 (S33E) was thermostable at 50 °C with a t1/2 of 82 min, which was 32 min longer than that of the wild type. All the screened S33E/N92 variants were more thermostable than the best S33 variant S33-6 (S33E). This work would contribute to the further studies on higher thermostability modification of type A feruloyl esterases, especially those from fungi. The thermostable feruloyl esterase variants were expected to be potential candidates for industrial application in prompting the enzymic degradation of plant biomass materials at elevated temperatures.
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Yin X, Hu D, Li JF, He Y, Zhu TD, Wu MC. Contribution of Disulfide Bridges to the Thermostability of a Type A Feruloyl Esterase from Aspergillus usamii. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126864. [PMID: 25969986 PMCID: PMC4429965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of disulfide bridges to the thermostability of a type A feruloyl esterase (AuFaeA) from Aspergillus usamii E001 was studied by introducing an extra disulfide bridge or eliminating a native one from the enzyme. MODIP and DbD, two computational tools that can predict the possible disulfide bridges in proteins for thermostability improvement, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to design the extra disulfide bridge. One residue pair A126-N152 was chosen, and the respective amino acid residues were mutated to cysteine. The wild-type AuFaeA and its variants were expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115. The temperature optimum of the recombinant (re-) AuFaeAA126C-N152C was increased by 6°C compared to that of re-AuFaeA. The thermal inactivation half-lives of re-AuFaeAA126C-N152C at 55 and 60°C were 188 and 40 min, which were 12.5- and 10-folds longer than those of re-AuFaeA. The catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of re-AuFaeAA126C-N152C was similar to that of re-AuFaeA. Additionally, after elimination of each native disulfide bridge in AuFaeA, a great decrease in expression level and at least 10°C decrease in thermal stability of recombinant AuEaeA variants were also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Die Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jian-Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yao He
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tian-Di Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Min-Chen Wu
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Chen CC, Ko TP, Huang JW, Guo RT. Heat- and Alkaline-Stable Xylanases: Application, Protein Structure and Engineering. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.201400035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Improving the thermostability of a mesophilic family 10 xylanase, AuXyn10A, from Aspergillus usamii by in silico design. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 41:1217-25. [PMID: 24879480 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To improve the thermostability of a mesophilic GH family 10 xylanase, AuXyn10A, from Aspergillus usamii E001, its modification was performed by in silico design. Based on the comparison of B-factor values, a mutant xylanase ATXyn10 was predicted by substituting a segment YP from Tyr(25) to Pro(34) of AuXyn10A with the corresponding one from Asn(24) to Ala(32) of TaXyn10, a thermophilic GH family 10 xylanase from Thermoascus aurantiacus. Analysis of a TaXyn10 crystal structure indicated that there is a close interaction between segments YP and FP. For that reason, another mutant xylanase ATXyn10(M) was designed by mutating Ser(286) and His(288) of ATXyn10 into the corresponding Gly(285) and Phe(287) in the FP of TaXyn10. Then, two ATXyn10- and ATXyn10(M)-encoding genes, ATxyn10 and ATxyn10 (M), were expressed in Pichia pas toris GS115. The temperature optimum of recombinant (re) ATXyn10(M) was 60 °C, 10 °C higher than that of reAuXyn10A. Its thermal inactivation half-life (t(1/2)) at 55 °C was 10.4-fold longer than that of reAuXyn10A. As compared with reAuXyn10A, reATXyn10(M) displayed a slight decrease in K(m) value and a significant increase in V(max) value from 6,267 to 8,870 U/mg.
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