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Jose CC, Jagannathan L, Tanwar VS, Zhang X, Zang C, Cuddapah S. Nickel exposure induces persistent mesenchymal phenotype in human lung epithelial cells through epigenetic activation of ZEB1. Mol Carcinog 2018. [PMID: 29528143 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) is an environmental and occupational carcinogen, and exposure to Ni is associated with lung and nasal cancers in humans. Furthermore, Ni exposure is implicated in several lung diseases including chronic inflammatory airway diseases, asthma, and fibrosis. However, the mutagenic potential of Ni is low and does not correlate with its potent toxicity and carcinogenicity. Therefore, mechanisms underlying Ni exposure-associated diseases remain poorly understood. Since the health risks of environmental exposures often continue post exposure, understanding the exposure effects that persist after the termination of exposure could provide mechanistic insights into diseases. By examining the persistent effects of Ni exposure, we report that Ni induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and that the mesenchymal phenotype remains irreversible even after the termination of exposure. Ni-induced EMT was dependent on the irreversible upregulation of ZEB1, an EMT master regulator, via resolution of its promoter bivalency. ZEB1, upon activation, downregulated its repressors as well as the cell-cell adhesion molecule, E-cadherin, resulting in the cells undergoing EMT and switching to persistent mesenchymal status. ZEB1 depletion in cells exposed to Ni attenuated Ni-induced EMT. Moreover, Ni exposure did not induce EMT in ZEB1-depleted cells. Activation of EMT, during which the epithelial cells lose cell-cell adhesion and become migratory and invasive, plays a major role in asthma, fibrosis, and cancer and metastasis, lung diseases associated with Ni exposure. Therefore, our finding of irreversible epigenetic activation of ZEB1 by Ni exposure and the acquisition of persistent mesenchymal phenotype would have important implications in understanding Ni-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia C Jose
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York
| | - Lakshmanan Jagannathan
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York
| | - Vinay S Tanwar
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York
| | - Xiaoru Zhang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York
| | - Chongzhi Zang
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Suresh Cuddapah
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York
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Haider M, Zhang X, Coleman I, Ericson N, True LD, Lam HM, Brown LG, Ketchanji M, Nghiem B, Lakely B, Coleman R, Montgomery B, Lange PH, Roudier M, Higano CS, Bielas JH, Nelson PS, Vessella RL, Morrissey C. Epithelial mesenchymal-like transition occurs in a subset of cells in castration resistant prostate cancer bone metastases. Clin Exp Metastasis 2015; 33:239-48. [PMID: 26667932 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-015-9773-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
TGFβ is a known driver of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) which is associated with tumor aggressiveness and metastasis. However, EMT has not been fully explored in clinical specimens of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) metastases. To assess EMT in CRPC, gene expression analysis was performed on 149 visceral and bone metastases from 62 CRPC patients and immunohistochemical analysis was performed on 185 CRPC bone and visceral metastases from 42 CRPC patients. In addition, to assess the potential of metastases to seed further metastases the mitochondrial genome was sequenced at different metastatic sites in one patient. TGFβ was increased in bone versus visceral metastases. While primarily cytoplasmic; nuclear and cytoplasmic Twist were significantly higher in bone than in visceral metastases. Slug and Zeb1 were unchanged, with the exception of nuclear Zeb1 being significantly higher in visceral metastases. Importantly, nuclear Twist, Slug, and Zeb1 were only present in a subset of epithelial cells that had an EMT-like phenotype. Underscoring the relevance of EMT-like cells, mitochondrial sequencing revealed that metastases could seed additional metastases in the same patient. In conclusion, while TGFβ expression and EMT-associated protein expression is present in a considerable number of CRPC visceral and bone metastases, nuclear Twist, Slug, and Zeb1 localization and an EMT-like phenotype (elongated nuclei and cytoplasmic compartment) was only present in a small subset of CRPC bone metastases. Mitochondrial sequencing from different metastases in a CRPC patient provided evidence for the seeding of metastases from previously established metastases, highlighting the biological relevance of EMT-like behavior in CRPC metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maahum Haider
- Genitourinary Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Urology, University of Washington, Box 356510, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Xiaotun Zhang
- Genitourinary Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Urology, University of Washington, Box 356510, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Ilsa Coleman
- Divison of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nolan Ericson
- Divison of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lawrence D True
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hung-Ming Lam
- Genitourinary Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Urology, University of Washington, Box 356510, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Lisha G Brown
- Genitourinary Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Urology, University of Washington, Box 356510, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Melanie Ketchanji
- Genitourinary Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Urology, University of Washington, Box 356510, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Belinda Nghiem
- Genitourinary Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Urology, University of Washington, Box 356510, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Bryce Lakely
- Genitourinary Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Urology, University of Washington, Box 356510, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Roger Coleman
- Divison of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bruce Montgomery
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul H Lange
- Genitourinary Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Urology, University of Washington, Box 356510, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Martine Roudier
- Genitourinary Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Urology, University of Washington, Box 356510, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Celestia S Higano
- Genitourinary Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Urology, University of Washington, Box 356510, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jason H Bielas
- Divison of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Divison of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Divison of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert L Vessella
- Genitourinary Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Urology, University of Washington, Box 356510, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Genitourinary Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Urology, University of Washington, Box 356510, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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Latella G, Rogler G, Bamias G, Breynaert C, Florholmen J, Pellino G, Reif S, Speca S, Lawrance IC. Results of the 4th scientific workshop of the ECCO (I): pathophysiology of intestinal fibrosis in IBD. J Crohns Colitis 2014; 8:1147-65. [PMID: 24731838 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The fourth scientific workshop of the European Crohn's and Colitis Organization (ECCO) focused on the relevance of intestinal fibrosis in the disease course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The objective was to better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of intestinal fibrosis, to identify useful markers and imaging modalities of fibrosis in order to assess its presence and progression, and, finally, to point out possible approaches for the prevention and the treatment of fibrosis. The results of this workshop are presented in three separate manuscripts. This first section describes the most important mechanisms that contribute to the initiation and progression of intestinal fibrosis in IBD including the cellular and molecular mediators, the extracellular matrix molecules and matrix metalloproteinases/tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-system, the microbiota products, the role of fat, genetic and epigenetic factors, as well as the currently available experimental models. Furthermore, it identifies unanswered questions in the field of intestinal fibrosis and provides a framework for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Latella
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hopsital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giorgos Bamias
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, Ethnikon and Kapodistriakon University of Athens, Laikon Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christine Breynaert
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jon Florholmen
- Research Group of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Artic University of Norway and University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gianluca Pellino
- General Surgery Unit, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Shimon Reif
- Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Silvia Speca
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research-INSERM, Unit U995, Lille, France
| | - Ian C Lawrance
- Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Fremantle Hospital, WA, Australia; University Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Fremantle Hospital, WA, Australia
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Kim YS, Yi BR, Kim NH, Choi KC. Role of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and its effects on embryonic stem cells. Exp Mol Med 2014; 46:e108. [PMID: 25081188 PMCID: PMC4150931 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2014.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is important for embryonic development and the formation of various tissues or organs. However, EMT dysfunction in normal cells leads to diseases, such as cancer or fibrosis. During the EMT, epithelial cells are converted into more invasive and active mesenchymal cells. E-box-binding proteins, including Snail, ZEB and helix–loop–helix family members, serve as EMT-activating transcription factors. These transcription factors repress the expression of epithelial markers, for example, E-cadherin, rearrange the cytoskeleton and promote the expression of mesenchymal markers, such as vimentin, fibronectin and other EMT-activating transcription factors. Signaling pathways that induce EMT, including transforming growth factor-β, Wnt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β, Notch and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathways, interact with each other for the regulation of this process. Although the mechanism(s) underlying EMT in cancer or embryonic development have been identified, the mechanism(s) in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) remain unclear. In this review, we describe the underlying mechanisms of important EMT factors, indicating a precise role for EMT in ESCs, and characterize the relationship between EMT and ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Seul Kim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Rim Yi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyung Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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Meng H, Zhang L, E X, Ye F, Li H, Han C, Yamakawa M, Jin X. Application of Oxford classification, and overexpression of transforming growth factor-β1 and immunoglobulins in immunoglobulin A nephropathy: correlation with World Health Organization classification of immunoglobulin A nephropathy in a Chinese patient cohort. Transl Res 2014; 163:8-18. [PMID: 23891568 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is characterized by the qualitative abnormality of immunoglobulin A (IgA) in circulation and deposits of IgA in the renal mesangium. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) plays a key role in fibrogenesis and the progression of renal damage. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathologic data on IgAN in northeastern China and the presence of TGF-β1, total IgA, and secretory IgA in the glomeruli and sera, as well as changes in galactose-deficient IgA1 in the serum. We investigated the clinicopathologic data of 1050 cases of IgAN diagnosed in a single center over 13 years. We then assessed the concentrations of TGF-β1 and immunoglobulins in the serum of 100 patients with IgAN and 56 healthy control subjects by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and investigated their presence in the glomeruli by immunofluorescence and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. From our data, 76.17% of the IgAN cases belonged to classes I and II according to the World Health Organization classification, representing the early stage. Compared with other studies, we found significantly lower frequencies of segmental glomerulosclerosis (27.71%) but higher frequencies of endocapillary proliferation (50.67%), and a similar proportion of mesangial hypercellularity (68.48%) and tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis (moderate, 17.81%; severe, 1.52%) in the northeastern Chinese cohort. There was an increased presence of TGF-β1 and immunoglobulins in the serum and glomeruli of IgAN, which correlates with the progression of pathologic classification. The pathologic variables of the Oxford classification correlated significantly with the WHO classifications. TGF-β1 and immunoglobulins could be used as biomarkers of IgAN pathogenic mechanisms, acting as important adjuncts to the original Oxford Classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxue Meng
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan; Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiang E
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affliated hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Huining Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hei Longjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Changsong Han
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Mitsunori Yamakawa
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Xiaoming Jin
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Infection and Immunity, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
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