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Lakomkin VL, Abramov AA, Prosvirnin AV, Kapelko VI. The Role of Arterial Elasticity in Determining the Degree of Chronic Heart Failure in Myocardial Infarction. KARDIOLOGIIA 2023; 63:54-59. [PMID: 38156490 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2023.12.n2494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Aim To study the left ventricular (LV) contractile and pumping function during the recovery phase following ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery (CA).Material and methods Cardiodynamic parameters were studied in Wistar rats 2-4 weeks after experimental myocardial infarction (MI). MI was induced by ligation of the anterior descending CA under zoletil anesthesia. LV catheterization was performed with a standard FTH-1912B-8018 PV catheter inserted into the LV through the right carotid artery.Results After the induction of MI, the mortality rate of animals was 50%. Survived animals developed significant LV dilatation and a decrease in ejection fraction (EF) by an average of 31%. However, major indexes of the pumping function, including minute volume, heart work, and maximum ejection velocity, were within a normal range whereas the maximum filling velocity was almost doubled. Approximately 50% of hearts with dilated LV had normal EF, delayed relaxation, and increased LV diastolic pressure, which qualified this group as a diastolic dysfunction group. The systolic dysfunction group with EF less than 50% of normal had similar values of myocardial contractility and relaxation but differed from the diastolic dysfunction group in more than 50% reduced maximum LV ejection velocity and 1.7 times increased elasticity of the arterial wall. A close inverse correlation was found between these values (r= -0.91).Conclusion The study results showed that, with a similar myocardial contractile function, the cardiac pumping function is determined by the elasticity of the aortic wall. Therefore, restriction of reactive fibrosis during MI is an important task of modern cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Lakomkin
- Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow
| | - A A Abramov
- Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow
| | - A V Prosvirnin
- Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow
| | - V I Kapelko
- Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow
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2
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Hindmarch CCT, Tian L, Xiong PY, Potus F, Bentley RET, Al-Qazazi R, Prins KW, Archer SL. An integrated proteomic and transcriptomic signature of the failing right ventricle in monocrotaline induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in male rats. Front Physiol 2022; 13:966454. [PMID: 36388115 PMCID: PMC9664166 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.966454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an obstructive pulmonary vasculopathy that results in death from right ventricular failure (RVF). There is limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms of RVF in PAH. Methods: In a PAH-RVF model induced by injection of adult male rats with monocrotaline (MCT; 60 mg/kg), we performed mass spectrometry to identify proteins that change in the RV as a consequence of PAH induced RVF. Bioinformatic analysis was used to integrate our previously published RNA sequencing data from an independent cohort of PAH rats. Results: We identified 1,277 differentially regulated proteins in the RV of MCT rats compared to controls. Integration of MCT RV transcriptome and proteome data sets identified 410 targets that are concordantly regulated at the mRNA and protein levels. Functional analysis of these data revealed enriched functions, including mitochondrial metabolism, cellular respiration, and purine metabolism. We also prioritized 15 highly enriched protein:transcript pairs and confirmed their biological plausibility as contributors to RVF. We demonstrated an overlap of these differentially expressed pairs with data published by independent investigators using multiple PAH models, including the male SU5416-hypoxia model and several male rat strains. Conclusion: Multiomic integration provides a novel view of the molecular phenotype of RVF in PAH which includes dysregulation of pathways involving purine metabolism, mitochondrial function, inflammation, and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Colin Thomas Hindmarch
- QCPU, Queen’s Cardiopulmonary Unit, Translational Institute of Medicine (TIME), Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Lian Tian
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Ping Yu Xiong
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Francois Potus
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Quebec, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | | | - Ruaa Al-Qazazi
- Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Kurt W. Prins
- Cardiovascular Division, Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Stephen L. Archer
- QCPU, Queen’s Cardiopulmonary Unit, Translational Institute of Medicine (TIME), Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada,Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Stephen L. Archer,
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3
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Filippenkov IB, Remizova JA, Denisova AE, Stavchansky VV, Golovina KD, Gubsky LV, Limborska SA, Dergunova LV. Comparative Use of Contralateral and Sham-Operated Controls Reveals Traces of a Bilateral Genetic Response in the Rat Brain after Focal Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137308. [PMID: 35806305 PMCID: PMC9266805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a multifactorial disease with a complex etiology and global consequences. Model animals are widely used in stroke studies. Various controls, either brain samples from sham-operated (SO) animals or symmetrically located brain samples from the opposite (contralateral) hemisphere (CH), are often used to analyze the processes in the damaged (ipsilateral) hemisphere (IH) after focal stroke. However, previously, it was shown that focal ischemia can lead to metabolic and transcriptomic changes not only in the IH but also in the CH. Here, using a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model and genome-wide RNA sequencing, we identified 1941 overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with a cutoff value >1.5 and Padj < 0.05 that reflected the general transcriptome response of IH subcortical cells at 24 h after tMCAO using both SO and CH controls. Concomitantly, 861 genes were differentially expressed in IH vs. SO, whereas they were not vs. the CH control. Furthermore, they were associated with apoptosis, the cell cycle, and neurotransmitter responses. In turn, we identified 221 DEGs in IH vs. CH, which were non-DEGs vs. the SO control. Moreover, they were predominantly associated with immune-related response. We believe that both sets of non-overlapping genes recorded transcriptome changes in IH cells associated with transhemispheric differences after focal cerebral ischemia. Thus, the specific response of the CH transcriptome should be considered when using it as a control in studies of target brain regions in diseases that induce a global bilateral genetic response, such as stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan B. Filippenkov
- Department of Molecular Bases of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (J.A.R.); (V.V.S.); (K.D.G.); (S.A.L.); (L.V.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-499-196-1858
| | - Julia A. Remizova
- Department of Molecular Bases of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (J.A.R.); (V.V.S.); (K.D.G.); (S.A.L.); (L.V.D.)
| | - Alina E. Denisova
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov Str. 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.D.); (L.V.G.)
| | - Vasily V. Stavchansky
- Department of Molecular Bases of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (J.A.R.); (V.V.S.); (K.D.G.); (S.A.L.); (L.V.D.)
| | - Ksenia D. Golovina
- Department of Molecular Bases of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (J.A.R.); (V.V.S.); (K.D.G.); (S.A.L.); (L.V.D.)
| | - Leonid V. Gubsky
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov Str. 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.D.); (L.V.G.)
- Federal Center for the Brain and Neurotechnologies, Federal Biomedical Agency, Ostrovitianov Str. 1, Building 10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana A. Limborska
- Department of Molecular Bases of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (J.A.R.); (V.V.S.); (K.D.G.); (S.A.L.); (L.V.D.)
| | - Lyudmila V. Dergunova
- Department of Molecular Bases of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Sq. 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (J.A.R.); (V.V.S.); (K.D.G.); (S.A.L.); (L.V.D.)
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Liu X, Xu H, Xu H, Geng Q, Mak WH, Ling F, Su Z, Yang F, Zhang T, Chen J, Yang H, Wang J, Zhang X, Xu X, Jia H, Zhang Z, Liu X, Zhong S. New genetic variants associated with major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndromes and treated with clopidogrel and aspirin. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2021; 21:664-672. [PMID: 34158603 PMCID: PMC8602039 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-021-00245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although a few studies have reported the effects of several polymorphisms on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and those undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), these genotypes account for only a small fraction of the variation and evidence is insufficient. This study aims to identify new genetic variants associated with MACE end point during the 18-month follow-up period by a two-stage large-scale sequencing data, including high-depth whole exome sequencing of 168 patients in the discovery cohort and high-depth targeted sequencing of 1793 patients in the replication cohort. We discovered eight new genotypes and their genes associated with MACE in patients with ACS, including MYOM2 (rs17064642), WDR24 (rs11640115), NECAB1 (rs74569896), EFR3A (rs4736529), AGAP3 (rs75750968), ZDHHC3 (rs3749187), ECHS1 (rs140410716), and KRTAP10-4 (rs201441480). Notably, the expressions of MYOM2 and ECHS1 are downregulated in both animal models and patients with phenotypes related to MACE. Importantly, we developed the first superior classifier for predicting 18-month MACE and achieved high predictive performance (AUC ranged between 0.92 and 0.94 for three machine-learning methods). Our findings shed light on the pathogenesis of cardiovascular outcomes and may help the clinician to make a decision on the therapeutic intervention for ACS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.,School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hanshi Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Huaiqian Xu
- BGI-tech, BGI-Wuhan, Wuhan, 430075, Hubei, China
| | - Qingshan Geng
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wai-Ho Mak
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Fei Ling
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zheng Su
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Fang Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Jiyan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, P.R. China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.,James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.,James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiuqing Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Huijue Jia
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. .,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. .,Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Shilong Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, P.R. China. .,Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, P.R. China.
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Saadati S, Eskandari V, Rahmani F, Mahmoudi MJ, Rahnemoon Z, Rahmati Z, Gorzin F, Hedayat M, Amirzargar AA, Rezaei N. Gene Expression and Levels of TGF-B in PBMC Is Associated with Severity of Symptoms in Chronic Heart Failure. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2020; 12:132-134. [PMID: 32431798 PMCID: PMC7229453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TGF-β1 is known to promote cardiac remodeling and fibrosis during Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). In this study, an attempt was made to investigate expression of Transforming Growth Factor beta1 (TGF-β1) and relative expansion or contraction of regulatory T-cell (Tregs) population in peripheral blood of patients with Chronic Heart Failure (CHF). METHODS Real-time PCR assay was used to investigate expression and post-stimulation levels of TGF-β1 in cell culture supernatant of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) of 42 patients with CHF and 42 controls. Flow cytometry was used to identify relative counts of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Tregs. RESULTS PBMCs in patients with CHF expressed higher levels of TGF-β1 compared to controls. Post-stimulation levels of TGF-β1 expression were significantly higher in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class IV patients compared to stage I patients. Tregs were significantly expanded in PBMC in CHF, while the CD4+ helper T-cells were unchanged. Treg expansion was more significant in NYHA functional class I patients compared to class IV patients. CONCLUSION Expansion of Treg population in CHF provides an extrinsic source for TGF-β1 production to induce reactive fibrosis and cardiac remodeling. Relative decrease in Treg population at advanced stages of CHF is indicative of a loss of regulatory characteristics in these cells and unopposed proinflammatory milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Saadati
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vajiheh Eskandari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Rahmani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jafar Mahmoudi
- Department of Cardiology, Amir Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Rahnemoon
- Cardiac Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Rahmati
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Gorzin
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Hedayat
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ali Akbar Amirzargar
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Ali Akbar Amirzargar, M.D., Ph.D., Children’s Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Tel: +98 21 88953009, Fax: +98 21 66422337, E-mail:
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Boston, MA, USA
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Suzuki-Hatano S, Saha M, Soustek MS, Kang PB, Byrne BJ, Cade WT, Pacak CA. AAV9- TAZ Gene Replacement Ameliorates Cardiac TMT Proteomic Profiles in a Mouse Model of Barth Syndrome. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2019; 13:167-179. [PMID: 30788385 PMCID: PMC6369239 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Barth syndrome (BTHS) is a rare mitochondrial disease that causes severe cardiomyopathy and has no disease-modifying therapy. It is caused by recessive mutations in the gene tafazzin (TAZ), which encodes tafazzin-an acyltransferase that remodels the inner mitochondrial membrane lipid cardiolipin. To identify novel mechanistic pathways involved in BTHS and evaluate the effects of gene therapy on proteomic profiles, we performed a multiplex tandem mass tagging (TMT) quantitative proteomics analysis to compare protein expression profiles from heart lysates isolated from BTHS, healthy wild-type (WT), and BTHS treated with adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9)-TAZ gene replacement as neonates or adults. 197 proteins with ≥2 unique peptides were identified. Of these, 91 proteins were significantly differentially expressed in BTHS compared to WT controls. Cause-effect relationships between tafazzin deficiency and altered protein profiles were confirmed through demonstrated significant improvements in expression levels following administration of AAV9-TAZ. The importance of TMEM65 in Cx43 localization to cardiac intercalated discs was revealed as a novel consequence of tafazzin deficiency that was improved following gene therapy. This study identifies novel mechanistic pathways involved in the pathophysiology of BTHS, demonstrates the ability of gene delivery to improve protein expression profiles, and provides support for clinical translation of AAV9-TAZ gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silveli Suzuki-Hatano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Madhurima Saha
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Meghan S Soustek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Peter B Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Barry J Byrne
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - W Todd Cade
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Christina A Pacak
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Analysis of region specific gene expression patterns in the heart and systemic responses after experimental myocardial ischemia. Oncotarget 2017; 8:60809-60825. [PMID: 28977827 PMCID: PMC5617387 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Ischemic myocardial injury leads to the activation of inflammatory mechanisms and results in ventricular remodeling. Although great efforts have been made to unravel the molecular and cellular processes taking place in the ischemic myocardium, little is known about the effects on the surrounding tissue and other organs. The aim of this study was to determine region specific differences in the myocardium and in distant organs after experimental myocardial infarction by using a bioinformatics approach. Methods and Results A porcine closed chest reperfused acute myocardial infarction model and mRNA microarrays have been used to evaluate gene expression changes. Myocardial infarction changed the expression of 8903 genes in myocardial-, 856 in hepatic- and 338 in splenic tissue. Identification of myocardial region specific differences as well as expression profiling of distant organs revealed clear gene-regulation patterns within the first 24 hours after ischemia. Transcription factor binding site analysis suggested a strong role for Kruppel like factor 4 (Klf4) in the regulation of gene expression following myocardial infarction, and was therefore investigated further by immunohistochemistry. Strong nuclear Klf4 expression with clear region specific differences was detectable in porcine and human heart samples after myocardial infarction. Conclusion Apart from presenting a post myocardial infarction gene expression database and specific response pathways, the key message of this work is that myocardial ischemia does not end at the injured myocardium. The present results have enlarged the spectrum of organs affected, and suggest that a variety of organ systems are involved in the co-ordination of the organism´s response to myocardial infarction.
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