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Robin B, Dewitte A, Alaimo V, Lecoeur C, Pierre F, Billon G, Sebbane F, Bontemps-Gallo S. The CpxAR signaling system confers a fitness advantage for flea gut colonization by the plague bacillus. J Bacteriol 2024:e0017324. [PMID: 39158280 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00173-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The adaptation of Yersinia pestis, the flea-borne plague agent, to fluctuating environmental conditions is essential for the successful colonization of the flea vector. A previous comparative transcriptomic analysis showed that the Cpx pathway of Y. pestis is up-regulated in infected fleas. The CpxAR two-component system is a component of the envelope stress response and is critical for maintaining the integrity of the cell. Here, a phenotypic screening revealed a survival defect of the cpxAR mutant to oxidative stress and copper. The measured copper concentration in the digestive tract contents of fed fleas increased fourfold during the digestive process. By direct analysis of phosphorylation of CpxR by a Phos-Tag gel approach, we demonstrated that biologically relevant concentrations of copper triggered the system. Then, a competitive challenge highlighted the role of the CpxAR system in bacterial fitness during flea infection. Lastly, an in vitro sequential exposure to copper and then H2O2 to mimic the flea suggests a model in which, within the insect digestive tract, the CpxAR system would be triggered by copper, establishing an oxidative stress response. IMPORTANCE The bacterium Yersinia pestis is the agent of flea-borne plague. Our knowledge of the mechanisms used by the plague bacillus to infect the flea vector is limited. The up-regulation of the envelope stress response under the control of the Cpx signaling pathway was previously shown in a transcriptomic study. Here, our in vivo and in vitro approaches suggest a model in which Y. pestis uses the CpxAR phosphorelay system to sense and respond to the copper present in the flea gut, thereby optimizing the flea gut colonization. In other words, the system is essential for bacterial fitness in the flea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Robin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Amélie Dewitte
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Véronique Alaimo
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIRE, Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l'Environnement, Lille, France
| | - Cecile Lecoeur
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - François Pierre
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Gabriel Billon
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIRE, Laboratoire de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la Réactivité et l'Environnement, Lille, France
| | - Florent Sebbane
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Sébastien Bontemps-Gallo
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
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Huang L, Tong Q, Chen L, Zhao W, Zhang Z, Chai Z, Yang J, Li C, Liu M, Jiang L. An efficient method for detecting membrane protein oligomerization and complex using 05SAR-PAGE. Electrophoresis 2024; 45:1450-1454. [PMID: 38332570 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Oligomerization is an important feature of proteins, which gives a defined quaternary structure to complete the biological functions. Although frequently observed in membrane proteins, characterizing the oligomerization state remains complicated and time-consuming. In this study, 0.05% (w/v) sarkosyl-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (05SAR-PAGE) was used to identify the oligomer states of the membrane proteins CpxA, EnvZ, and Ma-Mscl with high sensitivity. Furthermore, two-dimensional electrophoresis (05SAR/sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE) combined with western blotting and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was successfully applied to study the complex of CpxA/OmpA in cell lysate. The results indicated that 05SAR-PAGE is an efficient, economical, and practical gel method that can be widely used for the identification of membrane protein oligomerization and the analysis of weak protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Huang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Tong
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological System, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Lang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological System, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Weijing Zhao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zeting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological System, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zhaofei Chai
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological System, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological System, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Conggang Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological System, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Maili Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological System, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological System, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
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3
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Xie M, Wu M, Han A. Structural insights into the signal transduction mechanism of the K +-sensing two-component system KdpDE. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/643/eaaz2970. [PMID: 32753477 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaz2970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Two-component systems (TCSs), which consist of a histidine kinase (HK) sensor and a response regulator (RR), are important for bacteria to quickly sense and respond to various environmental signals. HKs and RRs typically function as a cognate pair, interacting only with one another to transduce signaling. Precise signal transduction in a TCS depends on the specific interactions between the receiver domain (RD) of the RR and the dimerization and histidine phosphorylation domain (DHp) of the HK. Here, we determined the complex structure of KdpDE, a TCS consisting of the HK KdpD and the RR KdpE, which is responsible for K+ homeostasis. Both the RD and the DNA binding domain (DBD) of KdpE interacted with KdpD. Although the RD of KdpE and the DHp of KdpD contributed to binding specificity, the DBD mediated a distinct interaction with the catalytic ATP-binding (CA) domain of KdpD that was indispensable for KdpDE-mediated signal transduction. Moreover, the DBD-CA interface largely overlapped with that of the DBD-DNA complex, leading to competition between KdpD and its target promoter in a KdpE phosphorylation-dependent manner. In addition, the extended C-terminal tail of the CA domain was critical for stabilizing the interaction with KdpDE and for signal transduction. Together, these data provide a molecular basis for specific KdpD and KdpE interactions that play key roles in efficient signal transduction and transcriptional regulation by this TCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingquan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Mengyuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Aidong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Amer AAA, Gurung JM, Costa TRD, Ruuth K, Zavialov AV, Forsberg Å, Francis MS. YopN and TyeA Hydrophobic Contacts Required for Regulating Ysc-Yop Type III Secretion Activity by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:66. [PMID: 27446813 PMCID: PMC4914553 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia bacteria target Yop effector toxins to the interior of host immune cells by the Ysc-Yop type III secretion system. A YopN-TyeA heterodimer is central to controlling Ysc-Yop targeting activity. A + 1 frameshift event in the 3-prime end of yopN can also produce a singular secreted YopN-TyeA polypeptide that retains some regulatory function even though the C-terminal coding sequence of this YopN differs greatly from wild type. Thus, this YopN C-terminal segment was analyzed for its role in type III secretion control. Bacteria producing YopN truncated after residue 278, or with altered sequence between residues 279 and 287, had lost type III secretion control and function. In contrast, YopN variants with manipulated sequence beyond residue 287 maintained full control and function. Scrutiny of the YopN-TyeA complex structure revealed that residue W279 functioned as a likely hydrophobic contact site with TyeA. Indeed, a YopNW279G mutant lost all ability to bind TyeA. The TyeA residue F8 was also critical for reciprocal YopN binding. Thus, we conclude that specific hydrophobic contacts between opposing YopN and TyeA termini establishes a complex needed for regulating Ysc-Yop activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayad A A Amer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå UniversityUmeå, Sweden; Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå UniversityUmeå, Sweden
| | - Jyoti M Gurung
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå UniversityUmeå, Sweden; Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå UniversityUmeå, Sweden
| | - Tiago R D Costa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå UniversityUmeå, Sweden; Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå UniversityUmeå, Sweden
| | - Kristina Ruuth
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå UniversityUmeå, Sweden; Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå UniversityUmeå, Sweden
| | - Anton V Zavialov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsala, Sweden; Joint Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of TurkuTurku, Finland
| | - Åke Forsberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå UniversityUmeå, Sweden; Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå UniversityUmeå, Sweden; Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå UniversityUmeå, Sweden
| | - Matthew S Francis
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå UniversityUmeå, Sweden; Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå UniversityUmeå, Sweden
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Feldheim YS, Zusman T, Speiser Y, Segal G. The Legionella pneumophila CpxRA two-component regulatory system: new insights into CpxR's function as a dual regulator and its connection to the effectors regulatory network. Mol Microbiol 2016; 99:1059-79. [PMID: 26713766 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila utilizes the Icm/Dot type-IV secretion system to translocate approximately 300 effector proteins into host cells, and the CpxRA two-component system (TCS) was previously shown to regulate the expression of several of these effectors. In this study, we expanded the pool of L. pneumophila CpxR-regulated genes to 38, including 27 effector-encoding genes. Our study demonstrates for the first time that the CpxR dual regulator has different requirements for activation and repression of target genes. These differences include the positioning of the CpxR regulatory element relative to the promoter element, and the effect of CpxR phosphate donors on the expression of CpxR target genes. In addition, unlike most response regulators, a mutant form of the L. pneumophila CpxR which cannot be phosphorylated was found to self-interact, and to repress gene expression similarly to wild-type CpxR, even though its ability to activate gene expression was reduced. Moreover, the CpxRA TCS was found to activate the expression of LetE which was found to function as a connector protein between the CpxRA TCS and the LetAS-RsmYZ-CsrA regulatory cascade. Our results show that CpxR plays a major role in L. pneumophila pathogenesis gene expression and functions as part of a regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron S Feldheim
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Tal Zusman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Yariv Speiser
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Gil Segal
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 69978, Israel
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Elongation factor P and modifying enzyme PoxA are necessary for virulence of Shigella flexneri. Infect Immun 2014; 82:3612-21. [PMID: 24935977 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01532-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Elongation factor P (EF-P) is a universally conserved bacterial translation factor. In many bacteria, EF-P is posttranslationally modified by PoxA, which covalently attaches a β-lysine to a conserved lysine residue of EF-P. Here we show that both EF-P and PoxA are necessary for virulence of the human diarrheal pathogen Shigella flexneri. Loss of either EF-P or PoxA leads to an impaired ability of S. flexneri to invade epithelial cells and form plaques in an epithelial cell monolayer. Proteomic analysis of efp and poxA deletion mutants revealed decreased levels of several virulence effector proteins, including IpaA, -B, and -C and IcsA. Additionally, mRNA levels of virB and virF, which encode master virulence regulators, were decreased in the efp mutant. The reduction in virF transcription was at least partially due to decreased levels of CpxA, which activates virF through the response regulator CpxR. The role of CpxAR in reduced synthesis of VirF and its downstream effectors was indicated by restoration of invasion when a mutation resulting in constitutively activated CpxR was introduced into the efp mutant. Thus, modified EF-P is required for appropriate synthesis of proteins involved in the virulence of this bacterial pathogen.
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