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A biomimetic assay platform for the interrogation of antigen-dependent anti-tumor T-cell function. Commun Biol 2021; 4:56. [PMID: 33420321 PMCID: PMC7794535 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01565-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Overcoming tumor-mediated immunosuppression and enhancing cytotoxic T-cell activity within the tumor microenvironment are two central goals of immuno-oncology (IO) drug discovery initiatives. However, exploratory assays involving immune components are often plagued by low-throughput and poor clinical relevance. Here we present an innovative ultra-high-content assay platform for interrogating T-cell-mediated killing of 3D multicellular tumor spheroids. Employing this assay platform in a chemical genomics screen of 1800 annotated compounds enabled identification of small molecule perturbagens capable of enhancing cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell activity in an antigen-dependent manner. Specifically, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and bromodomain (BRD) protein inhibitors were shown to significantly augment anti-tumor T-cell function by increasing cytolytic granule and type II interferon secretion in T-cells in addition to upregulating major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression and antigen presentation in tumor cells. The described biotechnology screening platform yields multi-parametric, clinically-relevant data and can be employed kinetically for the discovery of first-in-class IO therapeutic agents.
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Hofer LS, Ramberger M, Gredler V, Pescoller AS, Rostásy K, Sospedra M, Hegen H, Berger T, Lutterotti A, Reindl M. Comparative Analysis of T-Cell Responses to Aquaporin-4 and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein in Inflammatory Demyelinating Central Nervous System Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1188. [PMID: 32625206 PMCID: PMC7311656 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies against aquaporin-4 (AQP4-Ab) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-Ab) are associated with rare central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating diseases like neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). Previous studies have shown that not only antibodies, but also autoreactive T-cell responses against AQP4 are present in NMOSD. However, no study has yet analyzed the presence of MOG reactive T-cells in patients with MOG antibodies. Therefore, we compared AQP4 and MOG specific peripheral T-cell response in individuals with AQP4-Ab (n = 8), MOG-Ab (n = 10), multiple sclerosis (MS, n = 8), and healthy controls (HC, n = 14). Peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures were stimulated with eight AQP4 and nine MOG peptides selected from previous studies and a tetanus toxoid peptide mix as a positive control. Antigen-specific T-cell responses were assessed using the carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester proliferation assay and the detection of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon (IFN)-ɤ and interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, and IL-17A in cell culture supernatants. Additionally, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ and HLA-DR genotyping of all participants was performed. We classified a T-cell response as positive if proliferation (measured by a cell division index ≥3) was confirmed by the secretion of at least one cytokine. Reactivity against AQP4 peptides was observed in many groups, but the T-cell response against AQP4 p156-170 was present only in patients with AQP4-Ab (4/8, 50%) and absent in patients with MOG-Ab, MS and HC (corrected p = 0.02). This AQP4 p156-170 peptide specific T-cell response was significantly increased in participants with AQP4-Ab compared to those without [Odds ratio (OR) = 59.00, 95% confidence interval-CI 2.70–1,290.86]. Moreover, T-cell responses against at least one AQP4 peptide were also more frequent in participants with AQP4-Ab (OR = 11.45, 95% CI 1.24–106.05). We did not observe any significant differences for the other AQP4 peptides or any MOG peptide. AQP4-Ab were associated with HLA DQB1*02 (OR = 5.71, 95% CI 1.09–30.07), DRB1*01 (OR = 9.33, 95% CI 1.50–58.02) and DRB1*03 (OR = 6.75, 95% CI = 1.19–38.41). Furthermore, HLA DRB1*01 was also associated with the presence of AQP4 p156-170 reactive T-cells (OR = 31.67, 95% CI 1.30–772.98). To summarize, our findings suggest a role of AQP4-specific, but not MOG-specific T-cells, in NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Sophie Hofer
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Melanie Ramberger
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Viktoria Gredler
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Sophie Pescoller
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kevin Rostásy
- Paediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, Datteln, Germany
| | - Mireia Sospedra
- Department of Neuroimmunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Harald Hegen
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Berger
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Lutterotti
- Department of Neuroimmunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Reindl
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Jones C, Sadarangani M, Lewis S, Payne I, Saleem M, Derrick JP, Pollard AJ. Characterisation of the Immunomodulatory Effects of Meningococcal Opa Proteins on Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and CD4+ T Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154153. [PMID: 27111850 PMCID: PMC4844130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Opa proteins are major surface-expressed proteins located in the Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane, and are potential meningococcal vaccine candidates. Although Opa proteins elicit high levels of bactericidal antibodies following immunisation in mice, progress towards human clinical trials has been delayed due to previous findings that Opa inhibits T cell proliferation in some in vitro assays. However, results from previous studies are conflicting, with different Opa preparations and culture conditions being used. We investigated the effects of various Opa+ and Opa- antigens from N. meningitidis strain H44/76 in a range of in vitro conditions using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and purified CD4+ T cells, measuring T cell proliferation by CFSE dilution using flow cytometry. Wild type recombinant and liposomal Opa proteins inhibited CD4+ T cell proliferation after stimulation with IL-2, anti-CD3 and anti-CD28, and these effects were reduced by mutation of the CEACAM1-binding region of Opa. These effects were not observed in culture with ex vivo PBMCs. Opa+ and Opa- OMVs did not consistently exert a stimulatory or inhibitory effect across different culture conditions. These data do not support a hypothesis that Opa proteins would be inhibitory to T cells if given as a vaccine component, and T cell immune responses to OMV vaccines are unlikely to be significantly affected by the presence of Opa proteins.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, Bacterial/genetics
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Antigens, Bacterial/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/pharmacology
- Binding Sites
- CD28 Antigens/antagonists & inhibitors
- CD28 Antigens/genetics
- CD28 Antigens/immunology
- CD3 Complex/genetics
- CD3 Complex/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/immunology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Separation
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Immunomodulation/drug effects
- Interleukin-2/pharmacology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/microbiology
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Meningitis, Meningococcal/immunology
- Meningitis, Meningococcal/microbiology
- Meningitis, Meningococcal/prevention & control
- Meningococcal Vaccines/biosynthesis
- Neisseria meningitidis/genetics
- Neisseria meningitidis/immunology
- Primary Cell Culture
- Protein Binding
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/immunology
- Protein Isoforms/pharmacology
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
- Vaccination
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Jones
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Manish Sadarangani
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Lewis
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle Payne
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy P. Derrick
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
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