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Shilova NV, Galanina OE, Polyakova SM, Nokel AY, Pazynina GV, Golovchenko VV, Patova OA, Mikshina PV, Gorshkova TA, Bovin NV. Specificity of widely used lectins as probed with oligosaccharide and plant polysaccharide arrays. Histochem Cell Biol 2024:10.1007/s00418-024-02323-8. [PMID: 39182197 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-024-02323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Glycan-binding specificity was studied for Jacalin, RCA 120, SBA, PHA-L, PHA-E, WGA, UEA, AAL, LTL, LEL, SNA, DSA, LCA, MAH and Con A, lectins widely used in histochemistry. Oligosaccharide- and polysaccharide-based glycan arrays were applied. Expected specificity was confirmed for only 6 of the 15 lectins and the glycan binding profiles of some lectins were dramatically broader than generally accepted. WGA, LEL and DSA known as chitooligosaccharide-specific, were unexpectedly polyreactive, binding to other glycans with the same affinity as to chitobiose, ABH antigens and oligolactosamines (unsubstituted and sialylated). SBA, in addition to expected binding to glycans with terminal GalNAcα, also had high affinity for the GM1 ganglioside. MAH demonstrated much higher affinity to a variety of sulfated glycans compared to Neu5Acα2-3Galβ1-3GalNAcα. Contrary to the common view, LCA demonstrated the maximum binding to (GlcNAcβ1-2Manα1)2-3,6-Manβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc N-glycan, while it had no interaction with corresponding Gal or Neu5Ac terminated versions. This observed polyreactivity of some lectins casts doubt on their use in accurately determining the presence of a specific glycan structure by histochemical studies. However, comparisons of sera from healthy and diseased individuals with help of a lectin array can easily establish differences in glycosylation patterns and presumptive glycan identities, which can later be clarified using more accurate methods of structural analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda V Shilova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str, 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Oxana E Galanina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str, 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Svetlana M Polyakova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str, 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Alexey Yu Nokel
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str, 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina V Pazynina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str, 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Victoria V Golovchenko
- Institute of Physiology of Federal Research Centre "Komi Science Centre of the Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Olga A Patova
- Institute of Physiology of Federal Research Centre "Komi Science Centre of the Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Polina V Mikshina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics of FRC Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
| | - Tatayana A Gorshkova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics of FRC Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russia
| | - Nicolai V Bovin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya Str, 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russia
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Mishra R, Hua G, Bagal UR, Champagne DE, Adang MJ. Anopheles gambiae strain (Ag55) cultured cells originated from Anopheles coluzzii and are phagocytic with hemocyte-like gene expression. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:1346-1360. [PMID: 35358364 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii are closely related species that are predominant vectors of malaria in Africa. Recently, A. gambiae form M was renamed A. coluzzii and we now conclude on the basis of a diagnostic PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay that Ag55 cells were derived from A. coluzzii. We established an Ag55 cell transcriptome, and KEGG pathway analysis showed that Ag55 cells are enriched in phagosome pathway transcripts. The Ag55 transcriptome has an abundance of specific transcripts characteristic of mosquito hemocytes. Functional E. coli bioparticle uptake experiments visualized by fluorescence microscopy and confocal microscopy and quantified by flow cytometry establish the phagocytic competence of Ag55 cells. Results from this investigation of Ag55 cell properties will guide researchers in the use and engineering of the Ag55 cell line to better enable investigations of Plasmodium, other microbes, and insecticidal toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchir Mishra
- Department of Entomology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Gang Hua
- Department of Entomology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Ujwal R Bagal
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Donald E Champagne
- Department of Entomology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael J Adang
- Department of Entomology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Keleta Y, Ramelow J, Cui L, Li J. Molecular interactions between parasite and mosquito during midgut invasion as targets to block malaria transmission. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:140. [PMID: 34845210 PMCID: PMC8630063 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00401-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable effort, malaria remains a major public health burden. Malaria is caused by five Plasmodium species and is transmitted to humans via the female Anopheles mosquito. The development of malaria vaccines against the liver and blood stages has been challenging. Therefore, malaria elimination strategies advocate integrated measures, including transmission-blocking approaches. Designing an effective transmission-blocking strategy relies on a sophisticated understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing the interactions between the mosquito midgut molecules and the malaria parasite. Here we review recent advances in the biology of malaria transmission, focusing on molecular interactions between Plasmodium and Anopheles mosquito midgut proteins. We provide an overview of parasite and mosquito proteins that are either targets for drugs currently in clinical trials or candidates of promising transmission-blocking vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacob Keleta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Julian Ramelow
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Liwang Cui
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
- Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
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Riaz MA, Adang MJ, Hua G, Rezende TMT, Rezende AM, Shen GM. Identification of Lysinibacillus sphaericus Binary toxin binding proteins in a malarial mosquito cell line by proteomics: A novel approach towards improving mosquito control. J Proteomics 2020; 227:103918. [PMID: 32712372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial insecticidal proteins, such as the Bin toxin from Lysinibacillus sphaericus, could be used more extensively to control insecticide resistant mosquitoes. This study was aimed at identification of mosquito cell proteins binding Bin toxin. Results showed that purified toxin was toxic to Anopheles gambiae larvae and Ag55 cultured cells. Clathrin heavy chain (an endocytosis protein) and glycolytic enzymes such as pyruvate kinase, enolase and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase were identified as binders of Bin toxin. The viability of Ag55 cells in the presence of endocytosis inhibitor, pitstop2, was significantly decreased upon Bin treatment, while the inhibitor chlorpromazine did not affect Bin toxicity. Bin toxin treatment decreased ATP production and mitochondrial respiration in Ag55 cells, whereas non-mitochondrial oxygen consumption significantly increased after Bin toxin treatment. These findings are steps towards understanding how Bin toxin kills mosquitoes. SIGNIFICANCE: Mosquitoes are vectors of pathogens causing human diseases such as dengue fever, yellow fever, zika virus and malaria. An insecticidal toxin from Lysinibacillus sphaericus called Binary, or Bin, toxin could be used more extensively to control insecticide resistant mosquitoes. Bin toxin enter cells in susceptible mosquitoes and induces apoptosis or autophagy. In the current research, we used the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae Ag55 cell line as a model. A proteomic-based approach identified proteins that interact with Bin toxin. Interacting proteins include clathrin heavy chain (endocytosis protein) and glycolysis enzymes such as pyruvate kinase, enolase and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase. In Ag55 cell toxicity assays, an endocytosis inhibitor, pitstop2, increased Bin toxicity. Real time assays with a Seahorse™ flux analyzer showed that Bin significantly affects mitochondrial respiration, a result consistent with cell death via apoptosis or autophagy. These research findings add insights into how an unusual binary protein exploits cellular machinery to kill mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asam Riaz
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2603, United States
| | - Michael J Adang
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2603, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2603, United States.
| | - Gang Hua
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2603, United States
| | - Tatiana Maria Teodoro Rezende
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2603, United States; Instituto Aggeu Magalhaes-FIOCRUZ, Recife, PE 50740-465, Brazil
| | - Antonio Mauro Rezende
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2603, United States; Instituto Aggeu Magalhaes-FIOCRUZ, Recife, PE 50740-465, Brazil
| | - Guang-Mao Shen
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2603, United States; College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Basseri HR, Javazm MS, Farivar L, Abai MR. Lectin-carbohydrate recognition mechanism of Plasmodium berghei in the midgut of malaria vector Anopheles stephensi using quantum dot as a new approach. Acta Trop 2016; 156:37-42. [PMID: 26772447 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Potential targets of Plasmodium ookinetes at the mosquito midgut walls were investigated in relation to interfering malarial transmission. In this study, the essential application of Quantum Dots (QDs) was used to examine the interaction between Plasmodium berghei ookinetes and the Anopheles stephensi midgut, based on lectin-carbohydrate recognition. Two significant lectins were utilized to determine this interaction. Two QDs, cadmium telluride (CdTe)/CdS and cadmium selenide (CdSe)/CdS, were employed in staining Plasmodium ookinete to study its interaction in the midgut of the mosquito vector in vivo. Concurrently, two lectins, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and concanavalin A (Con A), were inadvertently exploited to mask lectin binding sites between ookinetes and mosquito midgut cells. The numbers of ookinetes in both lumen and epithelial cells were eventually counted, following adequate preparation of wax sections extracted from whole midgut, and subsequent examination using a differential interference contrast a fluorescence microscopic technique. Interestingly, we detected that neither of the QDs mutated ookinete invasion into the midgut cells of the investigated mosquitoes. QD staining of ookinetes remained permanent despite the effective embedding procedure. The massive binding potency of ookinetes to midgut cells of the cross-examined mosquitoes undoubtedly revealed that Con A did not interrupt ookinete penetration into the midgut wall. In contrast, WGA inhibited ookinete invasion into the midgut cells. The results proved that QD nanoparticles are biocompatible, non-toxic to P. berghei and stable to photobleaching. The QDs staining, which was successfully implemented for ookinete labelling, is a simple and effective tool which plays a crucial role in bioimaging including the study of parasite-vector interactions.
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Hire RS, Hua G, Zhang Q, Mishra R, Adang MJ. Anopheles gambiae Ag55 cell line as a model for Lysinibacillus sphaericus Bin toxin action. J Invertebr Pathol 2015; 132:105-110. [PMID: 26408969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Binary toxin (Bin) produced by Lysinibacillus sphaericus is toxic to Culex and Anopheles mosquito larvae. It has been used world-wide for control of mosquitoes that vector disease. The Bin toxin interacts with the glucosidase receptor, Cpm1, in Culex and its orthologue, Agm3, in Anopheles mosquitoes. However, the exact mechanism of its mode of action is not clearly understood. It is essential to understand mode of action of Bin toxin to circumvent the resistance that develops over generations of exposure. A suitable model cell line will facilitate investigations of the molecular action of Bin toxin. Here we report Bin toxin activity on Ag55 cell line that has been derived from an actual target, Anopheles gambiae larvae. The Bin toxin, both in pro and active forms, kills the Ag55 cells within 24h. Bin toxin internalizes in Ag55 cells and also induces vacuolation as tracked by Lysotracker dye. The dose response studies showed that 1.5nM of Bin toxin is sufficient to induce vacuolation and Ag55 cell death. Presence of α-glucosidase gene (Agm3) expression in the Ag55 cells was also confirmed. Thus, Ag55 cells constitute an appropriate model system to decipher the mode of Bin action in mosquito larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh S Hire
- Nuclear Agriculture & Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India; Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2603, United States.
| | - Gang Hua
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2603, United States
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2603, United States
| | - Ruchir Mishra
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2603, United States
| | - Michael J Adang
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2603, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2603, United States.
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Borhani Dizaji N, Basseri HR, Naddaf SR, Heidari M. Molecular characterization of calreticulin from Anopheles stephensi midgut cells and functional assay of the recombinant calreticulin with Plasmodium berghei ookinetes. Gene 2014; 550:245-52. [PMID: 25150160 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Transmission blocking vaccines (TBVs) that target the antigens on the midgut epithelium of Anopheles mosquitoes are among the promising tools for the elimination of the malaria parasite. Characterization and analysis of effective antigens is the first step to design TBVs. Calreticulin (CRT), a lectin-like protein, from Anopheles albimanus midgut, has shown antigenic features, suggesting a promising and novel TBV target. CRT is a highly conserved protein with similar features in vertebrates and invertebrates including anopheline. We cloned the full-length crt gene from malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi (AsCrt) and explored the interaction of recombinant AsCrt protein, expressed in a prokaryotic system (pGEX-6p-1), with surface proteins of Plasmodium berghei ookinetes by immunofluorescence assay. The cellular localization of AsCrt was determined using the baculovirus expression system. Sequence analysis of the whole cDNA of AsCrt revealed that AsCrt contains an ORF of 1221 bp. The amino acid sequence of AsCrt protein obtained in this study showed 64% homology with similar protein in human. The AsCrt shares the most common features of CRTs from other species. This gene encodes a 406 amino-acid protein with a molecular mass of 46 kDa, which contains a predicted 16 amino-acid signal peptides, conserved cysteine residues, a proline-rich region, and highly acidic C-terminal domain with endoplasmic reticulum retrieval sequence HDEL. The production of GST-AsCrt recombinant protein was confirmed by Western blot analysis using an antibody against the GST protein. The FITC-labeled GST-AsCrt exhibited a significant interaction with P. berghei ookinete surface proteins. Purified recombinant GST-AsCrt, labeled with FITC, displayed specific binding to the surface of P. berghei ookinetes in comparison with control. Moreover, the expression of AsCrt in baculovirus expression system indicated that AsCrt was localized on the surface of Sf9 cells. Our results suggest that AsCrt could be utilized as a potential target for future studies in TBV area for malaria control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Borhani Dizaji
- Department of Medical Entomology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Basseri
- Department of Medical Entomology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mansour Heidari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Stem Cell Preparation Unit, Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Abstract
Today's malaria control efforts are limited by our incomplete understanding of the biology of Plasmodium and of the complex relationships between human populations and the multiple species of mosquito and parasite. Research priorities include the development of in vitro culture systems for the complete life cycle of P. falciparum and P. vivax and the development of an appropriate liver culture system to study hepatic stages. In addition, genetic technologies for the manipulation of Plasmodium need to be improved, the entire parasite metabolome needs to be characterized to identify new druggable targets, and improved information systems for monitoring the changes in epidemiology, pathology, and host-parasite-vector interactions as a result of intensified control need to be established to bridge the gap between bench, preclinical, clinical, and population-based sciences.
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