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Lauby SC, Lapp HE, Salazar M, Semyrenko S, Chauhan D, Margolis AE, Champagne FA. Postnatal maternal care moderates the effects of prenatal bisphenol exposure on offspring neurodevelopmental, behavioral, and transcriptomic outcomes. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305256. [PMID: 38861567 PMCID: PMC11166292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Bisphenols (BP), including BPA and "BPA-free" structural analogs, are commonly used plasticizers that are present in many plastics and are known endocrine disrupting chemicals. Prenatal exposure to BPA has been associated with negative neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes in children and in rodent models. Prenatal BPA exposure has also been shown to impair postnatal maternal care provisioning, which can also affect offspring neurodevelopment and behavior. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the biological effects of prenatal exposure to bisphenols other than BPA and the interplay between prenatal bisphenol exposure and postnatal maternal care on adult behavior. The purpose of the current study was to determine the interactive impact of prenatal bisphenol exposure and postnatal maternal care on neurodevelopment and behavior in rats. Our findings suggest that the effects of prenatal bisphenol exposure on eye-opening, adult attentional set shifting and anxiety-like behavior in the open field are dependent on maternal care in the first five days of life. Interestingly, maternal care might also attenuate the effects of prenatal bisphenol exposure on eye opening and adult attentional set shifting. Finally, transcriptomic profiles in male and female medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala suggest that the interactive effects of prenatal bisphenol exposure and postnatal maternal care converge on estrogen receptor signaling and are involved in biological processes related to gene expression and protein translation and synthesis. Overall, these findings indicate that postnatal maternal care plays a critical role in the expression of the effects of prenatal bisphenol exposure on neurodevelopment and adult behavior. Understanding the underlying biological mechanisms involved might allow us to identify potential avenues to mitigate the adverse effects of prenatal bisphenol exposure and improve health and well-being in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha C. Lauby
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hannah E. Lapp
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Melissa Salazar
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sofiia Semyrenko
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Danyal Chauhan
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Amy E. Margolis
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Frances A. Champagne
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
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Lauby SC, Lapp HE, Salazar M, Semyrenko S, Chauhan D, Margolis AE, Champagne FA. Postnatal maternal care moderates the effects of prenatal bisphenol exposure on offspring neurodevelopmental, behavioral, and transcriptomic outcomes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.19.558481. [PMID: 37786706 PMCID: PMC10541647 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.19.558481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenols (BPs), including BPA and "BPA-free" structural analogs, are commonly used plasticizers that are present in many plastics and are known endocrine disrupting chemicals. Prenatal exposure to BPA has been associated with negative neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes in children and rodent models. Prenatal BPA exposure has also been shown to impair postnatal maternal care provisioning, which can also affect offspring neurodevelopment and behavior. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the biological effects of prenatal exposure to bisphenols other than BPA and the interplay between prenatal BP exposure and postnatal maternal care on adult behavior. The purpose of the current study was to determine the interactive impact of prenatal BP exposure and postnatal maternal care on neurodevelopment and behavior. Our findings suggest that the effects of prenatal BP exposure on eye-opening, adult attentional set shifting and anxiety-like behavior in the open field are dependent on maternal care in the first five days of life. Interestingly, maternal care might also attenuate the effects of prenatal BP exposure on eye opening and adult attentional set shifting. Finally, transcriptomic profiles in male and female medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala suggest that the interactive effects of prenatal BP exposure and postnatal maternal care converge on estrogen receptor signaling and are involved in biological processes related to gene expression and protein translation and synthesis. Overall, these findings indicate that postnatal maternal care plays a critical role in the expression of the effects of prenatal BP exposure on neurodevelopment and adult behavior. Understanding the underlying biological mechanisms involved might allow us to identify potential avenues to mitigate the adverse effects of prenatal BP exposure and improve health and well-being in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha C Lauby
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, University of Texas at Austin
- Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Hannah E Lapp
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Melissa Salazar
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Sofiia Semyrenko
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Danyal Chauhan
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Amy E Margolis
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
| | - Frances A Champagne
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, University of Texas at Austin
- Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, University of Texas at Austin
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Rinaldi L, Fettweis G, Kim S, Garcia DA, Fujiwara S, Johnson TA, Tettey TT, Ozbun L, Pegoraro G, Puglia M, Blagoev B, Upadhyaya A, Stavreva DA, Hager GL. The glucocorticoid receptor associates with the cohesin loader NIPBL to promote long-range gene regulation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj8360. [PMID: 35353576 PMCID: PMC8967222 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj8360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The cohesin complex is central to chromatin looping, but mechanisms by which these long-range chromatin interactions are formed and persist remain unclear. We demonstrate that interactions between a transcription factor (TF) and the cohesin loader NIPBL regulate enhancer-dependent gene activity. Using mass spectrometry, genome mapping, and single-molecule tracking methods, we demonstrate that the glucocorticoid (GC) receptor (GR) interacts with NIPBL and the cohesin complex at the chromatin level, promoting loop extrusion and long-range gene regulation. Real-time single-molecule experiments show that loss of cohesin markedly diminishes the concentration of TF molecules at specific nuclear confinement sites, increasing TF local concentration and promoting gene regulation. Last, patient-derived acute myeloid leukemia cells harboring cohesin mutations exhibit a reduced response to GCs, suggesting that the GR-NIPBL-cohesin interaction is defective in these patients, resulting in poor response to GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Rinaldi
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gregory Fettweis
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sohyoung Kim
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David A. Garcia
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Saori Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas A. Johnson
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Theophilus T. Tettey
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Laurent Ozbun
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- High-Throughput Imaging Facility (HiTIF), Center for Cancer Research (CCR), NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gianluca Pegoraro
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- High-Throughput Imaging Facility (HiTIF), Center for Cancer Research (CCR), NCI/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michele Puglia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Blagoy Blagoev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Arpita Upadhyaya
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Diana A. Stavreva
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gordon L. Hager
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Pantelaiou-Prokaki G, Mieczkowska I, Schmidt GE, Fritzsche S, Prokakis E, Gallwas J, Wegwitz F. HDAC8 suppresses the epithelial phenotype and promotes EMT in chemotherapy-treated basal-like breast cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:7. [PMID: 35016723 PMCID: PMC8753869 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01228-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is one of the most aggressive malignant diseases in women with an increased metastatic behavior and poor prognosis compared to other molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Resistance to chemotherapy is the main cause of treatment failure in BLBC. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies counteracting the gain of aggressiveness underlying therapy resistance are urgently needed. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been established as one central process stimulating cancer cell migratory capacity but also acquisition of chemotherapy-resistant properties. In this study, we aimed to uncover epigenetic factors involved in the EMT-transcriptional program occurring in BLBC cells surviving conventional chemotherapy. RESULTS Using whole transcriptome data from a murine mammary carcinoma cell line (pG-2), we identified upregulation of Hdac4, 7 and 8 in tumor cells surviving conventional chemotherapy. Subsequent analyses of human BLBC patient datasets and cell lines established HDAC8 as the most promising factor sustaining tumor cell viability. ChIP-sequencing data analysis identified a pronounced loss of H3K27ac at regulatory regions of master transcription factors (TFs) of epithelial phenotype like Gata3, Elf5, Rora and Grhl2 upon chemotherapy. Interestingly, impairment of HDAC8 activity reverted epithelial-TFs levels. Furthermore, loss of HDAC8 activity sensitized tumor cells to chemotherapeutic treatments, even at low doses. CONCLUSION The current study reveals a previously unknown transcriptional repressive function of HDAC8 exerted on a panel of transcription factors involved in the maintenance of epithelial cell phenotype, thereby supporting BLBC cell survival to conventional chemotherapy. Our data establish HDAC8 as an attractive therapeutically targetable epigenetic factor to increase the efficiency of chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garyfallia Pantelaiou-Prokaki
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Translational Molecular Imaging, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Iga Mieczkowska
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Geske E Schmidt
- Department of Gastroenterology, GI-Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sonja Fritzsche
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Evangelos Prokakis
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Gallwas
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florian Wegwitz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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Chuang TD, Quintanilla D, Boos D, Khorram O. Long Noncoding RNA MIAT Modulates the Extracellular Matrix Deposition in Leiomyomas by Sponging MiR-29 Family. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6365958. [PMID: 34491311 PMCID: PMC8459448 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the expression and functional role of a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) MIAT (myocardial infarction-associated transcript) in leiomyoma pathogenesis. Leiomyoma compared with myometrium (n = 66) expressed significantly more MIAT that was independent of race/ethnicity and menstrual cycle phase but dependent on MED12 (mediator complex subunit 12) mutation status. Leiomyomas bearing the MED12 mutation expressed higher levels of MIAT and lower levels of microRNA 29 family (miR-29a, -b, and -c) compared with MED12 wild-type leiomyomas. Using luciferase reporter activity and RNA immunoprecipitation analysis, MIAT was shown to sponge the miR-29 family. In a 3-dimensional spheroid culture system, transient transfection of MIAT siRNA in leiomyoma smooth muscle cell (LSMC) spheroids resulted in upregulation of miR-29 family and downregulation of miR-29 targets, collagen type I (COL1A1), collagen type III (COL3A1), and TGF-β3 (transforming growth factor β-3). Treatment of LSMC spheroids with TGF-β3 induced COL1A1, COL3A1, and MIAT levels, but repressed miR-29 family expression. Knockdown of MIAT in LSMC spheroids blocked the effects of TGF-β3 on the induction of COL1A1 and COL3A1 expression. Collectively, these results underscore the physiological significance of MIAT in extracellular matrix accumulation in leiomyoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Der Chuang
- Department of Ob/Gyn Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and The Lundquist Institute, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Derek Quintanilla
- Department of Ob/Gyn Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and The Lundquist Institute, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Drake Boos
- Department of Ob/Gyn Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and The Lundquist Institute, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Omid Khorram
- Department of Ob/Gyn Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and The Lundquist Institute, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
- Correspondence: Omid Khorram, MD, PhD, Department of Ob/Gyn, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1124 W. Carson St., Box 467, Torrance, CA 90502, USA.
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González-Alvarez ME, McGuire BC, Keating AF. Obesity alters the ovarian proteomic response to zearalenone exposure†. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:278-289. [PMID: 33855340 PMCID: PMC8256104 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN), a nonsteroidal estrogenic mycotoxin, is detrimental to female reproduction. Altered chemical biotransformation, depleted primordial follicles and a blunted genotoxicant response have been discovered in obese female ovaries, thus, this study investigated the hypothesis that obesity would enhance ovarian sensitivity to ZEN exposure. Seven-week-old female wild-type nonagouti KK.Cg-a/a mice (lean) and agouti lethal yellow KK.Cg-Ay/J mice (obese) received food and water ad libitum, and either saline or ZEN (40 μg/kg) per os for 15 days. Body and organ weights, and estrous cyclicity were recorded, and ovaries collected posteuthanasia for protein analysis. Body and liver weights were increased (P < 0.05) in the obese mice, but obesity did not affect (P > 0.05) heart, kidney, spleen, uterus, or ovary weight and there was no impact (P > 0.05) of ZEN exposure on body or organ weight in lean or obese mice. Obese mice had shorter proestrus (P < 0.05) and a tendency (P = 0.055) for longer metestrus/diestrus. ZEN exposure in obese mice increased estrus but shortened metestrus/diestrus length. Neither obesity nor ZEN exposure impacted (P > 0.05) circulating progesterone, or ovarian abundance of EPHX1, GSTP1, CYP2E1, ATM, BRCA1, DNMT1, HDAC1, H4K16ac, or H3K9me3. Lean mice exposed to ZEN had a minor increase in γH2AX abundance (P < 0.05). In lean and obese mice, LC–MS/MS identified alterations to proteins involved in chemical metabolism, DNA repair and reproduction. These data identify ZEN-induced adverse ovarian modes of action and suggest that obesity is additive to ZEN-induced ovotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Estefanía González-Alvarez
- Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames IA, USA
| | - Bailey C McGuire
- Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames IA, USA
| | - Aileen F Keating
- Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames IA, USA
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Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Governing the Transcriptional Regulation of ESR1. Discov Oncol 2020; 11:129-147. [PMID: 32592004 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-020-00388-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation of ESR1, the gene that encodes for estrogen receptor α (ER), is critical for regulating the downstream effects of the estrogen signaling pathway in breast cancer such as cell growth. ESR1 is a large and complex gene that is regulated by multiple regulatory elements, which has complicated our understanding of how ESR1 expression is controlled in the context of breast cancer. Early studies characterized the genomic structure of ESR1 with subsequent studies focused on identifying intrinsic (chromatin environment, transcription factors, signaling pathways) and extrinsic (tumor microenvironment, secreted factors) mechanisms that impact ESR1 gene expression. Currently, the introduction of genomic sequencing platforms and additional genome-wide technologies has provided additional insight on how chromatin structures may coordinate with these intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms to regulate ESR1 expression. Understanding these interactions will allow us to have a clearer understanding of how ESR1 expression is regulated and eventually provide clues on how to influence its regulation with potential treatments. In this review, we highlight key studies concerning the genomic structure of ESR1, mechanisms that affect the dynamics of ESR1 expression, and considerations towards affecting ESR1 expression and hormone responsiveness in breast cancer.
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8
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Salas A, López J, Reyes R, Évora C, de Oca FM, Báez D, Delgado A, Almeida TA. Organotypic culture as a research and preclinical model to study uterine leiomyomas. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5212. [PMID: 32251338 PMCID: PMC7090073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62158-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Organotypic cultures of tissue slices have been successfully established in lung, prostate, colon, gastric and breast cancer among other malignancies, but until now an ex vivo model based on tissue slices has not been established for uterine leiomyoma. In the present study, we describe a method for culturing tumour slides onto an alginate scaffold. Morphological integrity of tissue slices was maintained for up to 7 days of culture, with cells expressing desmin, estrogen and progesterone receptors. Driver mutations were present in the ex vivo slices at all-time points analyzed. Cultivated tumour slices responded to ovarian hormones stimulation upregulating the expression of genes involved in leiomyoma pathogenesis. This tissue model preserves extracellular matrix, cellular diversity and genetic background simulating more in-vivo-like situations. As a novelty, this platform allows encapsulation of microspheres containing drugs that can be tested on the ex vivo tumour slices. After optimizing drug release rates, microspheres would then be directly tested in animal models through local injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Salas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, Universidad de La Laguna. Facultad de Ciencias. Sección de Biología. Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez s/n, 38200, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC). Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez s/n, 38200, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Judith López
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, Universidad de La Laguna. Facultad de Ciencias. Sección de Biología. Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez s/n, 38200, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ricardo Reyes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, Universidad de La Laguna. Facultad de Ciencias. Sección de Biología. Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez s/n, 38200, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC). Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez s/n, 38200, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Carmen Évora
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidad de la Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez s/n, 38200, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB). C/Sta. María Soledad, s/n. Facultad de Ciencias. Sección de Medicina, 38200, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Francisco Montes de Oca
- Hospital Quironsalud, C/Poeta Rodríguez Herrera 1, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Tenerife, 38006, Spain
| | - Delia Báez
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Ofra s/n, San Cristobal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Araceli Delgado
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidad de la Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez s/n, 38200, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB). C/Sta. María Soledad, s/n. Facultad de Ciencias. Sección de Medicina, 38200, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Teresa A Almeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Microbiología, Biología Celular y Genética, Universidad de La Laguna. Facultad de Ciencias. Sección de Biología. Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez s/n, 38200, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
- Instituto de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC). Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez s/n, 38200, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
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Introduction of Somatic Mutation in MED12 Induces Wnt4/β-Catenin and Disrupts Autophagy in Human Uterine Myometrial Cell. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:823-832. [PMID: 32046450 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-019-00084-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Uterine fibroids (UFs) or leiomyoma are frequently associated with somatic mutations in the mediator complex subunit 12 (MED12) gene; however, the function of these mutations in human UF biology is yet to be determined. Herein, we determined the functional role of the most common MED12 somatic mutation in the modulation of oncogenic Wnt4/β-catenin and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways. Using an immortalized human uterine myometrial smooth muscle cell line (UtSM), we constitutively overexpressed either MED12-Wild Type or the most common MED12 somatic mutation (c.131G>A), and the effects of this MED12 mutation were compared between these cell lines. This immortalized cell line was used as a model because it expresses wild type MED12 protein and do not possess MED12 somatic mutations. By comparing the effect between MED12-WT and MED12-mutant (mut) stable cell populations, we observed increased levels of protein expression of Wnt4 and β-catenin in MED12-mut cells as compared with MED12-WT cells. MED12-mut cells also expressed increased levels of mTOR protein and oncogenic cyclin D1 which are hallmarks of cell growth and tumorigenicity. This somatic mutation in MED12 showed an effect on cell-cycle progression by induction of S-phase cells. MED12-mut cells also showed inhibition of autophagy as compared with MED12-WT cells. Together, these findings indicate that the MED12 somatic mutation has the potentials for myometrial cell transformation by dysregulating oncogenic Wnt4/β-catenin and its downstream mTOR signaling which might be associated with autophagy abrogation, cell proliferation, and tumorigenicity.
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10
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Zhang S, O'Regan R, Xu W. The emerging role of mediator complex subunit 12 in tumorigenesis and response to chemotherapeutics. Cancer 2019; 126:939-948. [PMID: 31869450 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional dysregulation induced by disease-defining genetic alterations of proteins in transcriptional machinery is a key feature of cancers. Mediator complex subunit 12 (MED12) is the central architectural subunit in the kinase module of Mediator, a large transcriptional regulatory complex that controls essential steps of transcription. Emerging evidence links deregulated MED12 to human cancers. MED12 is frequently mutated in benign tumors and cancers. Although the missense mutations of MED12 in benign tumors disrupt the kinase activity of Mediator, MED12 mutations in cancers could eliminate the interaction between Mediator complex and RNA polymerase II, leading to severe transcriptional misregulation. Aberrant expression of MED12 is associated with the prognosis of various types of human cancers. Loss of MED12 function has been associated with the development of resistance to chemotherapeutics. Moreover, MED12 is modified by posttranscriptional regulations. Arginine methylation of MED12 has been shown to regulate MED12-mediated transcriptional regulation and response to chemotherapeutics in human cancer cell lines. In this mini-review, the authors provide an overview of the roles of MED12 in the development of benign and malignant tumors as well as its roles in chemoresistance. The studies of MED12 exemplify that aberrant transcriptional programming is a therapeutic vulnerability for certain types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Zhang
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruth O'Regan
- Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Wei Xu
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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11
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Wang X, Mittal P, Castro CA, Rajkovic G, Rajkovic A. Med12 regulates ovarian steroidogenesis, uterine development and maternal effects in the mammalian egg. Biol Reprod 2019; 97:822-834. [PMID: 29126187 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional factor MED12 is part of the essential mediator transcriptional complex that acts as a transcriptional coactivator in all eukaryotes. Missense gain-of-function mutations in human MED12 are associated with uterine leiomyomas, yet the role of MED12 deficiency in tumorigenesis and reproductive biology has not been fully explored. We generated a Med12 reproductive conditional knockout mouse model to evaluate its role in uterine mesenchyme, granulosa cells, and oocytes. Mice heterozygous for Med12 deficiency in granulosa cells and uterus (Med12fl/+ Amhr2-Cre) were subfertile, while mice homozygous for Med12 deficiency in granulosa cells and uterus (Med12fl/fl Amhr2-Cre) were infertile. Morphological and histological analysis of the Med12fl/fl Amhr2-Cre reproductive tract revealed atrophic uteri and hyperchromatic granulosa cells with disrupted expression of Lhcgr, Esr1, and Esr2. Med12fl/fl Amhr2-Cre mice estrous cycle was disrupted, and serum analysis showed blunted rise in estradiol in response to pregnant mare serum gonadotropin. Uterine atrophy was partially rescued by exogenous steroid supplementation with dysregulation of Notch1 and Smo expression in steroid supplemented Med12fl/fl Amhr2-Cre uteri, indicating intrinsic uterine defects. Oocyte-specific ablation of Med12 caused infertility without disrupting normal folliculogenesis and ovulation, consistent with maternal effects of Med12 in early embryo development. These results show the critical importance of Med12 in reproductive tract development and that Med12 loss of function does not cause tumorigenesis in reproductive tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Wang
- Tsinghua MD Program, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Priya Mittal
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Carlos A Castro
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gabriel Rajkovic
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aleksandar Rajkovic
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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12
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Weber H, Garabedian MJ. The mediator complex in genomic and non-genomic signaling in cancer. Steroids 2018; 133:8-14. [PMID: 29157917 PMCID: PMC5864542 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mediator is a conserved, multi-subunit macromolecular machine divided structurally into head, middle, and tail modules, along with a transiently associating kinase module. Mediator functions as an integrator of transcriptional regulatory activity by interacting with DNA-bound transcription factors and with RNA polymerase II (Pol II) to both activate and repress gene expression. Mediator has been shown to affect multiple steps in transcription, including chromatin looping between enhancers and promoters, pre-initiation complex formation, transcriptional elongation, and mRNA splicing. Individual Mediator subunits participate in regulation of gene expression by the estrogen and androgen receptors and are altered in a number of endocrine cancers, including breast and prostate cancer. In addition to its role in genomic signaling, MED12 has been implicated in non-genomic signaling by interacting with and activating TGF-beta receptor 2 in the cytoplasm. Recent structural studies have revealed extensive inter-domain interactions and complex architecture of the Mediator-Pol II complex, suggesting that Mediator is capable of reorganizing its conformation and composition to fit cellular needs. We propose that alterations in Mediator subunit expression that occur in various cancers could impact the organization and function of Mediator, resulting in changes in gene expression that promote malignancy. A better understanding of the role of Mediator in cancer could reveal new approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of Mediator-dependent endocrine cancers, especially in settings of therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Weber
- Departments of Microbiology and Urology, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Ave, New York, NY 10012, United States
| | - Michael J Garabedian
- Departments of Microbiology and Urology, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Ave, New York, NY 10012, United States.
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Al-Hendy A, Laknaur A, Diamond MP, Ismail N, Boyer TG, Halder SK. Silencing Med12 Gene Reduces Proliferation of Human Leiomyoma Cells Mediated via Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Endocrinology 2017; 158:592-603. [PMID: 27967206 PMCID: PMC5460776 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Uterine fibroids, or leiomyoma, are the most common benign tumors in women of reproductive age. In this work, the effect of silencing the mediator complex subunit 12 (Med12) gene in human uterine fibroid cells was evaluated. The role of Med12 in the modulation of Wnt/β-catenin and cell proliferation-associated signaling was evaluated in human uterine fibroid cells. Med12 was silenced in the immortalized human uterine fibroid cell line (HuLM) using a lentivirus-based Med12 gene-specific RNA interference strategy. HuLM cells were infected with lentiviruses carrying Med12-specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) sequences or a nonfunctional shRNA scrambled control with green fluorescence protein. Stable cells that expressed low levels of Med12 protein were characterized. Wnt/β-catenin signaling, sex steroid receptor signaling, cell cycle-associated, and fibrosis-associated proteins were measured. Med12 knockdown cells showed significantly (P < 0.05) reduced levels of Wnt4 and β-catenin proteins as well as cell proliferation, as compared with scrambled control cells. Med12 knockdown cells also showed reduced levels of cell cycle-associated cyclin D1, Cdk1, and Cdk2 proteins as well as reduced activation of p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p-protein kinase B, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathways as compared with scrambled control cells. Moreover, TGF-β-regulated fibrosis-related proteins such as fibronectin, collagen type 1, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in Med12 knockdown cells as compared with scrambled control cells. Together, these results suggest that Med12 plays a key role in the regulation of HuLM cell proliferation through the modulation of Wnt/β-catenin, cell cycle-associated, and fibrosis-associated protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912;
| | - Archana Laknaur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912;
| | - Michael P. Diamond
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912;
| | - Nahed Ismail
- Clinical Microbiology Division, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; and
| | - Thomas G. Boyer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229
| | - Sunil K. Halder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912;
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14
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Zeng H, Lu L, Chan NT, Horswill M, Ahlquist P, Zhong X, Xu W. Systematic identification of Ctr9 regulome in ERα-positive breast cancer. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:902. [PMID: 27829357 PMCID: PMC5103509 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3248-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We had previously identified Ctr9, the key scaffold subunit of the human RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) associated factor complex (PAFc), as a key factor regulating a massive ERα target gene expression and ERα-positive breast cancer growth. Furthermore, we have shown that knockdown of Ctr9 reduces ERα protein stability and decreases the occupancy of ERα and RNAPII at a few ERα-target loci. However, it remains to be determined whether Ctr9 controls ERα-target gene expression by regulating the global chromatin occupancy of ERα and RNAPII in the presence of estrogen. Results In this study, we determined the genome-wide ERα and RNAPII occupancy in response to estrogen treatment and/or Ctr9 knockdown by performing chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq). We found that loss of Ctr9 dramatically decreases the global occupancy of ERα and RNAPII, highlighting the significance of Ctr9 in regulating estrogen signaling in ERα-positive breast cancer cells. Combining this resource with previously published genomic data sets, we identified a unique subset of ERα and Ctr9 target genes, and further delineated the independent function of Ctr9 from other subunits in PAFc when regulating transcription. Conclusions Our data demonstrated that Ctr9, independent of other PAFc subunits, controls ERα-target gene expression by regulating global chromatin occupancies of ERα and RNAPII. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3248-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zeng
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,Present address: Developmental and Molecular Pathways, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Li Lu
- Laboratory of Genetics & Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Ngai Ting Chan
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Mark Horswill
- Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Paul Ahlquist
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Xuehua Zhong
- Laboratory of Genetics & Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Wei Xu
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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15
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Tan WJ, Chan JY, Thike AA, Lim JCT, Md Nasir ND, Tan JSY, Koh VCY, Lim WK, Tan J, Ng CCY, Rajasegaran V, Nagarajan S, Bay BH, Teh BT, Tan PH. MED12 protein expression in breast fibroepithelial lesions: correlation with mutation status and oestrogen receptor expression. J Clin Pathol 2016; 69:858-65. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-203590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Al-Hendy A, Diamond MP, Boyer TG, Halder SK. Vitamin D3 Inhibits Wnt/β-Catenin and mTOR Signaling Pathways in Human Uterine Fibroid Cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:1542-51. [PMID: 26820714 PMCID: PMC4880168 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-3555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Somatic mutations in the Med12 gene are known to activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling in human uterine fibroids (UFs). OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to examine the role of vitamin D3 in the modulation of Wnt/β-catenin and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in human UF cells. DESIGN Immortalized human UF cells (HuLM) and human primary UF (PUF) cells were treated with increasing concentrations of vitamin D3 and thereafter analyzed using Western blots and immunocytochemistry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Wnt/β-catenin and mTOR signaling proteins in cultured HuLM and PUF cells were measured. RESULTS UF tumors with Med12 somatic mutations showed an up-regulation of Wnt4 and β-catenin as compared with adjacent myometrium. Vitamin D3 administration reduced the levels of Wnt4 and β-catenin in both HuLM and PUF cells. Vitamin D3 also reduced the expression/activation of mTOR signaling in both cell types. In contrast, vitamin D3 induced the expression of DNA damaged-induced transcription 4 (an inhibitor of mTOR) and tuberous sclerosis genes (TSC1/2) in a concentration-dependent manner in HuLM cells. Furthermore, we observed a concentration-dependent reduction of Wisp1 (Wnt induced signaling protein 1) and flap endonuclease 1 proteins in HuLM cells. Additionally, abrogation of vitamin D receptor expression (by silencing) in normal myometrial cells induces Wnt4/β-catenin as well as prompts a fibrotic process including an increase in cell proliferation and increased extracellular matrix production. Together these results suggest that vitamin D3 functions as an inhibitor of Wnt4/β-catenin and mTOR signaling pathways, which may play major roles in fibroid pathogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D3 may have utility as a novel long-term therapeutic and/or preventive option for uterine fibroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Al-Hendy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.A.-H., M.P.D., S.K.H.), Georgia Regents University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912; and Department of Molecular Medicine (T.G.R.), Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900
| | - Michael P Diamond
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.A.-H., M.P.D., S.K.H.), Georgia Regents University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912; and Department of Molecular Medicine (T.G.R.), Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900
| | - Thomas G Boyer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.A.-H., M.P.D., S.K.H.), Georgia Regents University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912; and Department of Molecular Medicine (T.G.R.), Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900
| | - Sunil K Halder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (A.A.-H., M.P.D., S.K.H.), Georgia Regents University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912; and Department of Molecular Medicine (T.G.R.), Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900
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17
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Djekidel MN, Liang Z, Wang Q, Hu Z, Li G, Chen Y, Zhang MQ. 3CPET: finding co-factor complexes from ChIA-PET data using a hierarchical Dirichlet process. Genome Biol 2015; 16:288. [PMID: 26694485 PMCID: PMC4716632 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-015-0851-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Various efforts have been made to elucidate the cooperating proteins involved in maintaining chromatin interactions; however, many are still unknown. Here, we present 3CPET, a tool based on a non-parametric Bayesian approach, to infer the set of the most probable protein complexes involved in maintaining chromatin interactions and the regions that they may control, making it a valuable downstream analysis tool in chromatin conformation studies. 3CPET does so by combining data from ChIA-PET, transcription factor binding sites, and protein interactions. 3CPET results show biologically significant and accurate predictions when validated against experimental and simulation data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Nadhir Djekidel
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics; Bioinformatics Division and Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, TNLIST; Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Zhengyu Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics; Bioinformatics Division and Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, TNLIST; Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics; Bioinformatics Division and Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, TNLIST; Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Zhirui Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics; Bioinformatics Division and Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, TNLIST; Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Guipeng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics; Bioinformatics Division and Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, TNLIST; Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Yang Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics; Bioinformatics Division and Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, TNLIST; Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Michael Q Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics; Bioinformatics Division and Center for Synthetic & Systems Biology, TNLIST; Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas, Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, RL11, Richardson, TX, 75080-3021, USA.
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18
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Jen SH, Wei MPS, Yin ACY. The Combinatory Effects of Glabridin and Tamoxifen on Ishikawa and MCF-7 Cell Lines. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen replacement therapy is commonly used to replace the loss of estrogen in post-menopausal women. However, it is not suitable to be used in women taking tamoxifen as both of the drugs increase the risk of endometrial cancer. This project aimed to study the potential of using the natural compound glabridin in combination with tamoxifen as a drug for estrogen replacement therapy. Ishikawa and MCF-7 cells were used to investigate the estrogenic activities stimulated by the combination of tamoxifen and glabridin through ALP and MTT assays. The expressions of the ESR1 and bcl-2 genes have also been determined using RT-PCR. The results indicated that the combination of 1×10−5M tamoxifen and 1×10−6M glabridin exhibited estrogenic activities and suppressed cell growth in both cell lines. The relative expressions of ESR1 and bcl-2 genes indicated that the estrogenicity expressed by the combinatory drug was regulated by estrogen receptor α; however, the reduction in cell proliferation was not modulated by bcl-2 anti-apoptotic proteins. These results suggested that the combination of tamoxifen and glabridin has potential to be used as an estrogen replacement drug with a reduced risk of endometrial cancer that has arisen from the intake of tamoxifen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soe Hui Jen
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, Jalan Taylor's, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Melissa Poh Su Wei
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, Jalan Taylor's, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Adeline Chia Yoke Yin
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, Jalan Taylor's, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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19
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Clark AD, Oldenbroek M, Boyer TG. Mediator kinase module and human tumorigenesis. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 50:393-426. [PMID: 26182352 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2015.1064854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mediator is a conserved multi-subunit signal processor through which regulatory informatiosn conveyed by gene-specific transcription factors is transduced to RNA Polymerase II (Pol II). In humans, MED13, MED12, CDK8 and Cyclin C (CycC) comprise a four-subunit "kinase" module that exists in variable association with a 26-subunit Mediator core. Genetic and biochemical studies have established the Mediator kinase module as a major ingress of developmental and oncogenic signaling through Mediator, and much of its function in signal-dependent gene regulation derives from its resident CDK8 kinase activity. For example, CDK8-targeted substrate phosphorylation impacts transcription factor half-life, Pol II activity and chromatin chemistry and functional status. Recent structural and biochemical studies have revealed a precise network of physical and functional subunit interactions required for proper kinase module activity. Accordingly, pathologic change in this activity through altered expression or mutation of constituent kinase module subunits can have profound consequences for altered signaling and tumor formation. Herein, we review the structural organization, biological function and oncogenic potential of the Mediator kinase module. We focus principally on tumor-associated alterations in kinase module subunits for which mechanistic relationships as opposed to strictly correlative associations are established. These considerations point to an emerging picture of the Mediator kinase module as an oncogenic unit, one in which pathogenic activation/deactivation through component change drives tumor formation through perturbation of signal-dependent gene regulation. It follows that therapeutic strategies to combat CDK8-driven tumors will involve targeted modulation of CDK8 activity or pharmacologic manipulation of dysregulated CDK8-dependent signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison D Clark
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - Marieke Oldenbroek
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - Thomas G Boyer
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA
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20
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Skibbens RV, Colquhoun JM, Green MJ, Molnar CA, Sin DN, Sullivan BJ, Tanzosh EE. Cohesinopathies of a feather flock together. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1004036. [PMID: 24367282 PMCID: PMC3868590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Roberts Syndrome (RBS) and Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) are severe developmental maladies that present with nearly an identical suite of multi-spectrum birth defects. Not surprisingly, RBS and CdLS arise from mutations within a single pathway--here involving cohesion. Sister chromatid tethering reactions that comprise cohesion are required for high fidelity chromosome segregation, but cohesin tethers also regulate gene transcription, promote DNA repair, and impact DNA replication. Currently, RBS is thought to arise from elevated levels of apoptosis, mitotic failure, and limited progenitor cell proliferation, while CdLS is thought to arise, instead, from transcription dysregulation. Here, we review new information that implicates RBS gene mutations in altered transcription profiles. We propose that cohesin-dependent transcription dysregulation may extend to other developmental maladies; the diagnoses of which are complicated through multi-functional proteins that manifest a sliding scale of diverse and severe phenotypes. We further review evidence that cohesinopathies are more common than currently posited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert V. Skibbens
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M. Colquhoun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Megan J. Green
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Merck, Sharp & Dohme, West Point, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Cody A. Molnar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Danielle N. Sin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Brian J. Sullivan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Eden E. Tanzosh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Janssen R&D, LLC, Raritan, New Jersey, United States of America
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Schiano C, Casamassimi A, Rienzo M, de Nigris F, Sommese L, Napoli C. Involvement of Mediator complex in malignancy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1845:66-83. [PMID: 24342527 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mediator complex (MED) is an evolutionarily conserved multiprotein, fundamental for growth and survival of all cells. In eukaryotes, the mRNA transcription is dependent on RNA polymerase II that is associated to various molecules like general transcription factors, MED subunits and chromatin regulators. To date, transcriptional machinery dysfunction has been shown to elicit broad effects on cell proliferation, development, differentiation, and pathologic disease induction, including cancer. Indeed, in malignant cells, the improper activation of specific genes is usually ascribed to aberrant transcription machinery. Here, we focus our attention on the correlation of MED subunits with carcinogenesis. To date, many subunits are mutated or display altered expression in human cancers. Particularly, the role of MED1, MED28, MED12, CDK8 and Cyclin C in cancer is well documented, although several studies have recently reported a possible association of other subunits with malignancy. Definitely, a major comprehension of the involvement of the whole complex in cancer may lead to the identification of MED subunits as novel diagnostic/prognostic tumour markers to be used in combination with imaging technique in clinical oncology, and to develop novel anti-cancer targets for molecular-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Schiano
- Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development (SDN), IRCCS, Via E. Gianturco 113, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Amelia Casamassimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Monica Rienzo
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena de Nigris
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Linda Sommese
- U.O.C. Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology [SIMT], Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology [LIT], Azienda Universitaria Policlinico (AOU), 1st School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development (SDN), IRCCS, Via E. Gianturco 113, 80143 Naples, Italy; Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; U.O.C. Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology [SIMT], Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology [LIT], Azienda Universitaria Policlinico (AOU), 1st School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
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McEwan MV, Eccles MR, Horsfield JA. Cohesin is required for activation of MYC by estradiol. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49160. [PMID: 23145106 PMCID: PMC3493498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cohesin is best known as a multi-subunit protein complex that holds together replicated sister chromatids from S phase until G2. Cohesin also has an important role in the regulation of gene expression. We previously demonstrated that the cohesin complex positively regulates expression of the oncogene MYC. Cell proliferation driven by MYC contributes to many cancers, including breast cancer. The MYC oncogene is estrogen-responsive and a transcriptional target of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). Estrogen-induced cohesin binding sites coincide with ERα binding at the MYC locus, raising the possibility that cohesin and ERα combine actions to regulate MYC transcription. The objective of this study was to investigate a putative role for cohesin in estrogen induction of MYC expression. We found that siRNA-targeted depletion of a cohesin subunit, RAD21, decreased MYC expression in ER-positive (MCF7 and T47D) and ER-negative (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cell lines. In addition, RAD21 depletion blocked estradiol-mediated activation of MYC in ER-positive cell lines, and decreased ERα binding to estrogen response elements (EREs) upstream of MYC, without affecting total ERα levels. Treatment of MCF7 cells with estradiol caused enrichment of RAD21 binding at upstream enhancers and at the P2 promoter of MYC. Enriched binding at all sites, except the P2 promoter, was dependent on ERα. Since RAD21 depletion did not affect transcription driven by an exogenous reporter construct containing a naked ERE, chromatin-based mechanisms are likely to be involved in cohesin-dependent MYC transcription. This study demonstrates that ERα activation of MYC can be modulated by cohesin. Together, these results demonstrate a novel role for cohesin in estrogen-mediated regulation of MYC and the first evidence that cohesin plays a role in ERα binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda V. McEwan
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael R. Eccles
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Julia A. Horsfield
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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