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Pujol A, Sanchis P, Grases F, Masmiquel L. Phytate Intake, Health and Disease: "Let Thy Food Be Thy Medicine and Medicine Be Thy Food". Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010146. [PMID: 36671007 PMCID: PMC9855079 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytate (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate or InsP6) is the main phosphorus reservoir that is present in almost all wholegrains, legumes, and oilseeds. It is a major component of the Mediterranean and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diets. Phytate is recognized as a nutraceutical and is classified by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS). Phytate has been shown to be effective in treating or preventing certain diseases. Phytate has been shown to inhibit calcium salt crystallization and, therefore, to reduce vascular calcifications, calcium renal calculi and soft tissue calcifications. Moreover, the adsorption of phytate to the crystal faces can inhibit hydroxyapatite dissolution and bone resorption, thereby playing a role in the treatment/prevention of bone mass loss. Phytate has a potent antioxidation and anti-inflammatory action. It is capable of inhibiting lipid peroxidation through iron chelation, reducing iron-related free radical generation. As this has the effect of mitigating neuronal damage and loss, phytate shows promise in the treatment/prevention of neurodegenerative disease. It is reported that phytate improves lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, increases adiponectin, decreases leptin and reduces protein glycation, which is linked with macrovascular and microvascular diabetes complications. In this review, we summarize the benefits of phytate intake as seen in in vitro, animal model, epidemiological and clinical trials, and we also identify questions to answer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antelm Pujol
- Vascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Group, Endocrinology Department, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07198 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (L.M.)
| | - Pilar Sanchis
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, Deptartment of Chemistry, University of Balearic Islands, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands, (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Felix Grases
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, Deptartment of Chemistry, University of Balearic Islands, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands, (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Luis Masmiquel
- Vascular and Metabolic Diseases Research Group, Endocrinology Department, Son Llàtzer University Hospital, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07198 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (L.M.)
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Omics Analysis of Chemoresistant Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells Reveals Novel Metabolic Vulnerabilities. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172719. [PMID: 36078127 PMCID: PMC9454761 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug resistance in cancer poses the greatest hurdle for successful therapeutic results and is associated with most cancer deaths. In triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), due to the lack of specific therapeutic targets, systemic chemotherapy is at the forefront of treatments, but it only benefits a fraction of patients because of the development of resistance. Cancer cells may possess an innate resistance to chemotherapeutic agents or develop new mechanisms of acquired resistance after long-term drug exposure. Such mechanisms involve an interplay between genetic, epigenetic and metabolic alterations that enable cancer cells to evade therapy. In this work, we generated and characterized a chemoresistant TNBC cell line to be used for the investigation of mechanisms that drive resistance to paclitaxel. Transcriptomic analysis highlighted the important role of metabolic-associated pathways in the resistant cells, prompting us to employ 1H-NMR to explore the metabolome and lipidome of these cells. We identified and described herein numerous metabolites and lipids that were significantly altered in the resistant cells. Integrated analysis of our omics data revealed MSMO1, an intermediate enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis, as a novel mediator of chemoresistance in TNBC. Overall, our data provide a critical insight into the metabolic adaptations that accompany acquired resistance in TNBC and pinpoint potential new targets.
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Vucenik I. Bioactivity of Inositol Phosphates. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26165042. [PMID: 34443630 PMCID: PMC8400110 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Vucenik
- Department of Medical and Research Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 100 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; ; Tel.: +1-(410)-706-1832; Fax: +1-(410)-706-5229
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Effects of Inositol Hexaphosphate and Myo-Inositol Administration in Breast Cancer Patients during Adjuvant Chemotherapy. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11080756. [PMID: 34442400 PMCID: PMC8400775 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11080756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Treatment of breast cancer (BC) includes locoregional and systemic therapies depending on tumor and patient’s characteristics. Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) is known as a strong antioxidant agent, able to improve local (i.e., breast region) side effects, functional status and quality-of-life. We investigated some potential beneficial effects, including hematological and local, of the combined therapy with oral myo-inositol administration and topical IP6 application in patients undergoing surgery for BC and eligible to adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: We considered BC patients randomly assigned to the Inositol Group (oral myo-inositol + IP6 local application for the entire neoadjuvant treatment period) and to the Control Group (standard of care). The EORTC QLQ-BR23 and QLQ-C30 questionnaires were administered to both groups and blood parameters were assessed as per clinical routine practice at baseline (before starting adjuvant chemotherapy), T1 (after the first two doses of epirubicin-cyclophosphamide regimen), T2 (at the end of epirubicin-cyclophosphamide regimen), T3 (after the first six doses of paclitaxel regimen), and T4 (at the end of the paclitaxel treatment). Results: A total of 36 BC patients were considered, 18 in the Inositol Group and 18 in the Control Group. The Inositol Group showed a lower decrease in red blood cells, hemoglobin levels and white blood cells with respect to controls (p ≤ 0.02), as well as amelioration in scores related to breast and arm local symptoms (p ≤ 0.02), body image (p = 0.04) and quality-of-life related symptoms (p ≤ 0.04). Conclusions: In our cohort of BC patients, a combined treatment with oral myo-inositol + IP6 local application was able to improve local symptoms and quality-of-life related symptoms which represent clinically relevant aspects associated with patient’s prognosis.
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miR-125a-5p impairs the metastatic potential in breast cancer via IP 6K1 targeting. Cancer Lett 2021; 520:48-56. [PMID: 34229060 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The deregulation of PI3K/Akt signaling is among the most causes in inducing the acquisition of a metastatic phenotype in breast cancer cells, leading to Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway is known to be beneficial in the clinical setting. However, the activation of secondary pathways and toxicity profiles of available inhibitors, hindering optimal therapeutic results. Preliminary studies showed that myo-Inositol inhibits the PI3K/Akt pathway by exerting a pleiotropic anti-tumor action. Herein, we demonstrate that myo-Inositol triggers a prompt and profound remodeling of delineated expression pattern in triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). Consequently, it inhibits metastasis and tumor progression through miR-125a-5p transcription and the subsequent inhibition of IP6K1. In contrast, hormone-responsive breast cancer cells (MCF-7) are insensitive to myo-Inositol. This is due to the persistence of MDM2 synthesis promoted by estrogen-dependent pathways. Conversely, the counteraction of estrogen effects recovered the sensitivity to myo-Inositol in the hormone-responsive model. Overall, these results identify a novel axis primed by miR-125a-5p to downregulate IP6K1 gene that inhibits metastasis. Thus, administration of myo-Inositol can activate this axis as a molecular target therapy in breast cancer.
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Badodi S, Pomella N, Zhang X, Rosser G, Whittingham J, Niklison-Chirou MV, Lim YM, Brandner S, Morrison G, Pollard SM, Bennett CD, Clifford SC, Peet A, Basson MA, Marino S. Inositol treatment inhibits medulloblastoma through suppression of epigenetic-driven metabolic adaptation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2148. [PMID: 33846320 PMCID: PMC8042111 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of chromatin modifiers plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of medulloblastoma, the most common paediatric malignant brain tumour. Here, we identify a BMI1-dependent sensitivity to deregulation of inositol metabolism in a proportion of medulloblastoma. We demonstrate mTOR pathway activation and metabolic adaptation specifically in medulloblastoma of the molecular subgroup G4 characterised by a BMI1High;CHD7Low signature and show this can be counteracted by IP6 treatment. Finally, we demonstrate that IP6 synergises with cisplatin to enhance its cytotoxicity in vitro and extends survival in a pre-clinical BMI1High;CHD7Low xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Badodi
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Nicola Pomella
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gabriel Rosser
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - John Whittingham
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Victoria Niklison-Chirou
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation (CTI-Bath), Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Yau Mun Lim
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Gillian Morrison
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Steven M Pollard
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine & Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher D Bennett
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Women and Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Steven C Clifford
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Andrew Peet
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Women and Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - M Albert Basson
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Silvia Marino
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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Kumar A, Singh B, Raigond P, Sahu C, Mishra UN, Sharma S, Lal MK. Phytic acid: Blessing in disguise, a prime compound required for both plant and human nutrition. Food Res Int 2021; 142:110193. [PMID: 33773669 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytic acid (PA), [myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate] is the principal storage compound of phosphorus (P) and account for 65%-85% of the seeds total P. The negative charge on PA attracts and chelates metal cations resulting in a mixed insoluble salt, phytate. Phytate contains six negatively charged ions, chelates divalent cations such as Fe2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ rendering them unavailable for absorption by monogastric animals. This may lead to micronutrient deficiencies in humans since they lack the enzyme phytase that hydrolyzes phytate and releases the bound micronutrients. There are two main concerns about the presence of PA in human diet. The first is its negative impact on the bioavailability of several minerals and the second is the evidence of PA inhibiting various proteases essential for protein degradation and the subsequent digestion in stomach and small intestine. The beneficial role of PA has been underestimated due to its distinct negative consequences. PA is reported to be a potent natural plant antioxidant which plays a protective role against oxidative stress in seeds and preventive role in various human diseases. Recently beneficial roles of PA as an antidiabetic and antibacterial agent has been reported. Thus, the development of grains with low-PA and modified distribution pattern can be achieved through fine-tuning of its content in the seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awadhesh Kumar
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR- National Rice Research Institute (ICAR-NRRI), Cuttack-753006, Odisha, India
| | - Brajesh Singh
- Division of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Potato Research Insititute (ICAR-CPRI), Shimla-171001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Pinky Raigond
- Division of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Potato Research Insititute (ICAR-CPRI), Shimla-171001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Chandrasekhar Sahu
- M.S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha 761211, India
| | - Udit Nandan Mishra
- M.S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha 761211, India
| | - Srigopal Sharma
- Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Milan Kumar Lal
- Division of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Potato Research Insititute (ICAR-CPRI), Shimla-171001, Himachal Pradesh, India; Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
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Wiśniewski K, Jozwik M, Wojtkiewicz J. Cancer Prevention by Natural Products Introduced into the Diet-Selected Cyclitols. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8988. [PMID: 33256104 PMCID: PMC7729485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is now the second leading cause of death worldwide. It is estimated that every year, approximately 9.6 million people die of oncologic diseases. The most common origins of malignancy are the lungs, breasts, and colorectum. Even though in recent years, many new drugs and therapeutic options have been introduced, there are still no safe, effective chemopreventive agents. Cyclitols seem poised to improve this situation. There is a body of evidence that suggests that their supplementation can decrease the incidence of colorectal cancer, lower the risk of metastasis occurrence, lower the proliferation index, induce apoptosis in malignant cells, enhance natural killer (NK) cell activity, protect cells from free radical damage, and induce positive molecular changes, as well as reduce the side effects of anticancer treatments such as chemotherapy or surgery. Cyclitol supplementation appears to be both safe and well-tolerated. This review focuses on presenting, in a comprehensive way, the currently available knowledge regarding the use of cyclitols in the treatment of different malignancies, particularly in lung, breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Wiśniewski
- Department Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Marcin Jozwik
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Joanna Wojtkiewicz
- Department Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland;
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Li C, Ci Y, Liu X, Chen C, Liu C, Li X, Li Q, Song Y. Inositol Hexakisphosphate and Inositol Enhance the Inhibition of Colorectal Cancer Growth and Liver Metastasis by Capecitabine in a Mouse Model. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:2306-2314. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1820055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Li
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yifan Ci
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohan Liu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Cuiping Liu
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Song
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Liu X, Liu C, Chen C, Sun W, Ci Y, Li Q, Song Y. Combination of Inositol Hexaphosphate and Inositol Inhibits Liver Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer in Mice Through the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:3223-3235. [PMID: 32368081 PMCID: PMC7170648 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s247646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Colorectal cancer, one of the most common tumors, is mainly fatal because of the occurrence of liver metastasis. Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) and inositol (INS) were found, both, in vitro and in vivo to play an anti-tumor effect, whereas the combination of IP6 and INS was more effective than IP6 or INS alone. Materials and Methods The inhibitory effects of IP6, INS and the combination of IP6+INS on tumor progression and liver metastasis of colorectal cancer were investigated in an orthotopic transplantation model of colorectal cancer. The tumor-bearing mice were selected by in vivo bioluminescence imaging and were treated with IP6, INS, and IP6 combined with INS, respectively. All mice were sacrificed after 6 weeks of treatment. The cancer development and metastasis were compared among the groups. The expression of genes related to the Wnt/β-catenin in the model was analyzed. Results The results demonstrated that liver metastasis was inhibited after treatment with IP6, INS, and IP6+INS. Compared to that of the M_G, survival period was extended, and tumor weight was lowered in IP6_G, INS_G, and IP6+INS_G. Besides, the liver metastatic area of mice in IP6+INS_G was relatively smaller than that in M_G, IP6_G, or INS_G. The results of RNA-seq analysis showed that the expressions of Wnt10b, Tcf7, and c-Myc were significantly downregulated in IP6+INS_G compared to that in M_G (P<0.05). Results of real-time PCR and Western blot showed that mRNA and protein expressions of β-catenin, Wnt10b, Tcf7, and c-Myc were significantly lower in IP6+INS_G compared to that in M_G (P<0.05). Discussion IP6+INS was more effective in inhibiting liver metastasis of colorectal cancer than IP6 or INS alone. The better inhibition effect may be accomplished through regulating the mutation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by inhibiting Wnt10b, Tcf7, β-catenin, and c-Myc from abnormally high expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Liu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiping Liu
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenna Sun
- Outpatient Department, Qingdao Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Ci
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Li
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Song
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Mukherjee S, Haubner J, Chakraborty A. Targeting the Inositol Pyrophosphate Biosynthetic Enzymes in Metabolic Diseases. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061403. [PMID: 32204420 PMCID: PMC7144392 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, a family of three inositol hexakisphosphate kinases (IP6Ks) synthesizes the inositol pyrophosphate 5-IP7 from IP6. Genetic deletion of Ip6k1 protects mice from high fat diet induced obesity, insulin resistance and fatty liver. IP6K1 generated 5-IP7 promotes insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells, whereas it reduces insulin signaling in metabolic tissues by inhibiting the protein kinase Akt. Thus, IP6K1 promotes high fat diet induced hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in mice while its deletion has the opposite effects. IP6K1 also promotes fat accumulation in the adipose tissue by inhibiting the protein kinase AMPK mediated energy expenditure. Genetic deletion of Ip6k3 protects mice from age induced fat accumulation and insulin resistance. Accordingly, the pan IP6K inhibitor TNP [N2-(m-trifluorobenzyl), N6-(p-nitrobenzyl)purine] ameliorates obesity, insulin resistance and fatty liver in diet induced obese mice by improving Akt and AMPK mediated insulin sensitivity and energy expenditure. TNP also protects mice from bone loss, myocardial infarction and ischemia reperfusion injury. Thus, the IP6K pathway is a potential target in obesity and other metabolic diseases. Here, we summarize the studies that established IP6Ks as a potential target in metabolic diseases. Further studies will reveal whether inhibition of this pathway has similar pleiotropic benefits on metabolic health of humans.
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Shen Q, Lu C, Yang H, Ge MX, Xia WX, Kong QP, Li GH, Gu YH. Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 1 (GDE1) acts as a potential tumor suppressor and is a novel therapeutic target for non-mucin-producing colon adenocarcinoma. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8421. [PMID: 32095326 PMCID: PMC7020812 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) represents a major public health issue due to its high incidence and mortality. As different histological subtypes of COAD are related to various survival outcomes and different therapies, finding specific targets and treatments for different subtypes is one of the major demands of individual disease therapy. Interestingly, as these different subtypes show distinct metabolic profiles, it may be possible to find specific targets related to histological typing by targeting COAD metabolism. In this study, the differential expression patterns of metabolism-related genes between COAD (n = 289) and adjacent normal tissue (n = 41) were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. We then used weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to further identify metabolism-related gene connections. To determine the critical genes related to COAD metabolism, we obtained 2,114 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 12 modules. Among them, we found the hub module to be significantly associated with histological typing, including non-mucin-producing colon adenocarcinoma and mucin-producing colon adenocarcinoma. Combining survival analysis, we identified glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 1 (GDE1) as the most significant gene associated with histological typing and prognosis. This gene displayed significantly lower expression in COAD compared with normal tissues and was significantly correlated with the prognosis of non-mucin-producing colon adenocarcinoma (p = 0.0017). Taken together, our study showed that GDE1 exhibits considerable potential as a novel therapeutic target for non-mucin-producing colon adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Shen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Oncology, Jiangyin People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hua Yang
- The Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ming-Xia Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wang-Xiao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qing-Peng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Gong-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan-Hong Gu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Abdulwaliyu I, Arekemase SO, Adudu JA, Batari ML, Egbule MN, Okoduwa SIR. Investigation of the medicinal significance of phytic acid as an indispensable anti-nutrient in diseases. CLINICAL NUTRITION EXPERIMENTAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yclnex.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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14
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Chhetri DR. Myo-Inositol and Its Derivatives: Their Emerging Role in the Treatment of Human Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1172. [PMID: 31680956 PMCID: PMC6798087 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myo-inositol has been established as an important growth-promoting factor of mammalian cells and animals. The role of myo-inositol as a lipotropic factor has been proven, in addition to its involvement as co-factors of enzymes and as messenger molecules in signal transduction. Myo-inositol deficiency leads to intestinal lipodystrophy in animals and "inositol-less death" in some fungi. Of late, diverse uses of myo-inositol and its derivatives have been discovered in medicinal research. These compounds are used in the treatment of a variety of ailments from diabetes to cancer, and continued research in this direction promises a new future in therapeutics. In different diseases, inositols implement different strategies for therapeutic actions such as tissue specific increase or decrease in inositol products, production of inositol phosphoglycans (IPGs), conversion of myo-inositol (MI) to D-chiro-inositol (DCI), modulation of signal transduction, regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, etc. Though inositol pharmacology is a relatively lesser-known field, recent years of research has generated a critical mass of information on the subject. This review aims to summarize our current understanding on the role of inositol derivatives in ameliorating the symptoms of different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhani Raj Chhetri
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Sikkim University, Gangtok, India
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15
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Inositol hexaphosphate plus inositol induced complete remission in stage IV melanoma: a case report. Melanoma Res 2019; 29:322-324. [PMID: 30615010 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) also called phytic acid is a polyphosphorylated carbohydrate naturally found in cereals, nuts, grains, and high-fiber-containing foods. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of many different tumor cell lines both in vitro and in vivo like colon, pancreas, liver, prostate, and even melanoma. Vitamin B inositol is a precursor of IP6 and another naturally occurring compound with anticancer properties. We present a case report of a patient with metastatic melanoma who declined traditional therapy and opted to try over the counter supplement IP6+inositol instead. To our surprise, the patient achieved a complete remission and remains in remission 3 years later. On the basis of this case and previous preclinical studies, we believe further research is indicated in exploring antiproliferative and potential immune stimulating effects of IP6+inositol in patients with metastatic melanoma.
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Li L, Fu Q, Xia M, Xin L, Shen H, Li G, Ji G, Meng Q, Xie Y. Inhibition of P-Glycoprotein Mediated Efflux in Caco-2 Cells by Phytic Acid. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:988-998. [PMID: 29282978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytic acid (IP6) is a natural phosphorylated inositol, which is abundantly present in most cereal grains and seeds. This study investigated the effects of IP6 regulation on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and its potential mechanisms using in situ and in vitro models. The effective permeability of the typical P-gp substrate rhodamine 123 (R123) in colon was significantly increased from (1.69 ± 0.22) × 10-5 cm/s in the control group to (3.39 ± 0.417) × 10-5 cm/s (p < 0.01) in the 3.5 mM IP6 group. Additionally, IP6 can concentration-dependently decrease the R123 efflux ratio in both Caco-2 and MDCK II-MDR1 cell monolayers and increase intracellular R123 accumulation in Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, IP6 noncompetitively inhibited P-gp by impacting R123 efflux kinetics. The noncompetitive inhibition of P-gp by IP6 was likely due to decreases in P-gp ATPase activity and P-gp molecular conformational changes induced by IP6. In summary, IP6 is a promising P-gp inhibitor candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujia Li
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203, China
- Pharmacy Department, Shanghai TCM-integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Qingxue Fu
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203, China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mengxin Xia
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lei Xin
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongyi Shen
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guowen Li
- Pharmacy Department, Shanghai TCM-integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qianchao Meng
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Research Center for Health and Nutrition, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201203, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 200032, China
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Synthesis and preliminary in vivo evaluation of new [ 18F]fluoro-inositols as Positron Emission Tomography radiotracers. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5603-5612. [PMID: 28893600 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the synthesis and radiosynthesis of eight new [18F]fluoro-inositol-based radiotracers in myo- and scyllo-inositol configuration. These radiotracers are equipped with a propyl linker bearing fluorine-18. This fluorinated arm is either on a hydroxyl group, i.e. O-alkylated inositols, or on the cyclohexyl backbone, i.e. C-branched derivatives. To modulate lipophilicity, inositols were synthesized in acetylated or hydroxylated form. Automated radiosynthesis was performed on the AllInOne module and the radiotracers were produced in good radiochemical yields (15-31.5% dc). Preliminary in vivo preclinical evaluation of these eight [18F]fluoro-inositols as Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging agents in a breast tumour-bearing mouse model was performed and compared with [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose ([18F]FDG). Amongst the different inositols, [18F]myo-2 showed the highest tumour uptake 2.34±0.39%ID/g, revealing the potential of this tracer for monitoring breast cancer.
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Chen C, Yang F, Liu C, Cui L, Fu M, Song Y. Inositol hexaphosphate hydrolysate competitively binds to AKT to inhibit the proliferation of colon carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:2901-2910. [PMID: 28901472 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytate, myto-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6 hexaphosphate (IP6), is recognized as an anti-nutrition phytochemical for decades. Recently, numerous studies have indicated that IP6 and its hydrolysates could suppress colon oncogenesis. However, very little is known concerning the mechanism of IP6 hydrolysates in regulating colon oncogenesis. The aim of the present study was to identify the underlying relationship between IP6 hydrolysates and colon cancer. Three types of human colorectal cancer cells were utilized in the present study. The proliferation inhibition and migration assays were employed to reveal that IP6 hydrolysates inhibited the proliferation of SW620 cells. Real-time PCR, cell-based ELISA and the AKT inhibitor assay were utilized to reveal that 20 and 30% degree of hydrolysis hydrolysates of IP6 inhibited SW620 cell growth by inhibiting the activation of AKT protein. The docking simulation study revealed that IP4 and IP5 could inhibit the activation of AKT by binding to PIP3 receptor. Collectively, our results indicated that the IP6 hydrolysates inhibit SW620 cell proliferation; IP4 and IP5, the probable primary constituents of the 20-30% degree of hydrolysis hydrolysates of IP6, inhibited the proliferation of SW620 cells by competitively inhibiting the AKT protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Public Health, Qingdao University, Shibei, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Fuguo Yang
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Shibei, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Cuiping Liu
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Shibei, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Lianhua Cui
- Department of Public Health, Qingdao University, Shibei, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Min Fu
- Department of Public Health, Qingdao University, Shibei, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Public Health, Qingdao University, Shibei, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
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Yu W, Liu C, Li X, Yang F, Cheng L, Liu C, Song Y. Inositol hexaphosphate suppresses colorectal cancer cell proliferation via the Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling cascade in a 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat model. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 805:67-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Guo X, Li R, Liu J, Chen R, Zhang H, Liu Q, Li Z, Wang J. Design of multifunctional phytate coated magnetic composites for combined therapy with antitumor drugs. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj03258g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A multifunctional phytate coated magnetic nanocomposite was successfully synthesized with Zn ions via self-assembly route for combined therapy with antitumor drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Rumin Li
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Jingyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Rongrong Chen
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Engineering University
- P. R. China
- Institute of Advanced Marine Materials
- Harbin Engineering University
| | - Hongsen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Zhanshuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001
- China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology
- Ministry of Education
- Harbin Engineering University
- Harbin 150001
- China
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Dinicola S, Fabrizi G, Masiello MG, Proietti S, Palombo A, Minini M, Harrath AH, Alwasel SH, Ricci G, Catizone A, Cucina A, Bizzarri M. Inositol induces mesenchymal-epithelial reversion in breast cancer cells through cytoskeleton rearrangement. Exp Cell Res 2016; 345:37-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Fu M, Song Y, Wen Z, Lu X, Cui L. Inositol Hexaphosphate and Inositol Inhibit Colorectal Cancer Metastasis to the Liver in BALB/c Mice. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8050286. [PMID: 27187454 PMCID: PMC4882699 DOI: 10.3390/nu8050286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) and inositol (Ins), naturally occurring carbohydrates present in most mammals and plants, inhibit the growth of numerous cancers both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we first examined the anti-metastatic effects of IP6 and Ins using a liver metastasis model of colorectal cancer (CRC) in BALB/c mice. CT-26 cells were injected into the splenic capsule of 48 BALB/c mice. The mice were then randomly divided into four groups: IP6, Ins, IP6 + Ins and normal saline control (n = 12 per group). IP6 and/or Ins (80 mg/kg each, 0.2 mL/day) were injected into the gastrointestinal tracts of the mice on the second day after surgery. All mice were sacrificed after 20 days, and the tumor inhibition rates were determined. The results demonstrated that the tumor weights of liver metastases and the tumor inhibition rates were reduced in the experimental groups compared to the control group and that treatment with the combination of IP6 and Ins resulted in greater inhibition of tumor growth than treatment with either compound alone. These findings suggest that IP6 and Ins prevent the development and metastatic progression of colorectal cancer to the liver in mice by altering expression of the extracellular matrix proteins collagen IV, fibronectin and laminin; the adhesion factor receptor integrin-β1; the proteolytic enzyme matrix metalloproteinase 9; and the angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and transforming growth factor beta in the tumor metastasis microenvironment. In conclusion, IP6 and Ins inhibited the development and metastatic progression of colorectal cancer to the liver in BALB/c mice, and the effect of their combined application was significantly greater than the effect of either compound alone. This evidence supports further testing of the combined application of IP6 and Ins for the prevention of colorectal cancer metastasis to the liver in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Fu
- Department of Public Health, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Public Health, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Zhaoxia Wen
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Xingyi Lu
- Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
| | - Lianhua Cui
- Department of Public Health, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266021, China.
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23
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Silva EO, Bracarense APFRL. Phytic Acid: From Antinutritional to Multiple Protection Factor of Organic Systems. J Food Sci 2016; 81:R1357-62. [PMID: 27272247 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have shown the benefits of natural antioxidants on health and food preservation. Phytic acid (IP6) is a natural antioxidant that is found mainly in cereals and vegetables and, for a long period of time, was considered an antinutritional factor. However, in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated its beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of several pathological conditions and cancer. Despite the numerous benefits of IP6, the signs and intracellular interactions mediated by this antioxidant remain poorly understood. This review describes the main chemical and biological aspects of IP6, as well as its actions in the prevention and treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisângela O Silva
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Univ. Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, 86057-990, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula F R L Bracarense
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Univ. Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, 86057-990, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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24
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Abstract
Here are comments on the recent paper on the determination of inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) in human plasma and on its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Vucenik
- Department of Medical and Research Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 100 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
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25
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Bizzarri M, Dinicola S, Bevilacqua A, Cucina A. Broad Spectrum Anticancer Activity of Myo-Inositol and Inositol Hexakisphosphate. Int J Endocrinol 2016; 2016:5616807. [PMID: 27795708 PMCID: PMC5067332 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5616807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inositols (myo-inositol and inositol hexakisphosphate) exert a wide range of critical activities in both physiological and pathological settings. Deregulated inositol metabolism has been recorded in a number of diseases, including cancer, where inositol modulates different critical pathways. Inositols inhibit pRB phosphorylation, fostering the pRB/E2F complexes formation and blocking progression along the cell cycle. Inositols reduce PI3K levels, thus counteracting the activation of the PKC/RAS/ERK pathway downstream of PI3K activation. Upstream of that pathway, inositols disrupt the ligand interaction between FGF and its receptor as well as with the EGF-transduction processes involving IGF-II receptor and AP-1 complexes. Additionally, Akt activation is severely impaired upon inositol addition. Downregulation of both Akt and ERK leads consequently to NF-kB inhibition and reduced expression of inflammatory markers (COX-2 and PGE2). Remarkably, inositol-induced downregulation of presenilin-1 interferes with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and reduces Wnt-activation, β-catenin translocation, Notch-1, N-cadherin, and SNAI1 release. Inositols interfere also with the cytoskeleton by upregulating Focal Adhesion Kinase and E-cadherin and decreasing Fascin and Cofilin, two main components of pseudopodia, leading hence to invasiveness impairment. This effect is reinforced by the inositol-induced inhibition on metalloproteinases and ROCK1/2 release. Overall, these effects enable inositols to remodel the cytoskeleton architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Bizzarri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Systems Biology Group Lab, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- *Mariano Bizzarri:
| | - Simona Dinicola
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department of Surgery “Pietro Valdoni”, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Arturo Bevilacqua
- Department of Psychology, Section of Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cucina
- Department of Surgery “Pietro Valdoni”, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa 14, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Irvine RF, Bulley SJ, Wilson MS, Saiardi A. There is no 'Conundrum' of InsP6. Open Biol 2015; 5:150181. [PMID: 26581573 PMCID: PMC4680572 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.150181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Indirect assays have claimed to quantify phytate (InsP6) levels in human biofluids, but these have been based on the initial assumption that InsP6 is there, an assumption that our more direct assays disprove. We have shown that InsP6 does not and cannot (because of the presence of an active InsP6 phosphatase in serum) exist in mammalian serum or urine. Therefore, any physiological effects of dietary InsP6 can only be due either to its actions in the gut as a polyvalent cation chelator, or to inositol generated by its dephosphorylation by gut microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin F Irvine
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Simon J Bulley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK Department of Haematology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Miranda S Wilson
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Adolfo Saiardi
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
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Garona J, Pifano M, Orlando UD, Pastrian MB, Iannucci NB, Ortega HH, Podesta EJ, Gomez DE, Ripoll GV, Alonso DF. The novel desmopressin analogue [V4Q5]dDAVP inhibits angiogenesis, tumour growth and metastases in vasopressin type 2 receptor-expressing breast cancer models. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:2335-45. [PMID: 25846632 PMCID: PMC4441290 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Desmopressin (dDAVP) is a safe haemostatic agent with previously reported antitumour activity. It acts as a selective agonist for the V2 vasopressin membrane receptor (V2r) present on tumour cells and microvasculature. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the novel peptide derivative [V4Q5]dDAVP in V2r-expressing preclinical mouse models of breast cancer. We assessed antitumour effects of [V4Q5]dDAVP using human MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells, as well as the highly metastatic mouse F3II cell line. Effect on in vitro cancer cell growth was evaluated by cell proliferation and clonogenic assays. Cell cycle distribution was analysed by flow cytometry. In order to study the effect of intravenously administered [V4Q5]dDAVP on tumour growth and angiogenesis, breast cancer xenografts were generated in athymic mice. F3II cells were injected into syngeneic mice to evaluate the effect of [V4Q5]dDAVP on spontaneous and experimental metastatic spread. In vitro cytostatic effects of [V4Q5]dDAVP against breast cancer cells were greater than those of dDAVP, and associated with V2r-activated signal transduction and partial cell cycle arrest. In MDA-MB-231 xenografts, [V4Q5]dDAVP (0.3 μg/kg, thrice a week) reduced tumour growth and angiogenesis. Treatment of F3II mammary tumour-bearing immunocompetent mice resulted in complete inhibition of metastatic progression. [V4Q5]dDAVP also displayed greater antimetastatic efficacy than dDAVP on experimental lung colonisation by F3II cells. The novel analogue was well tolerated in preliminary acute toxicology studies, at doses ≥300-fold above that required for anti-angiogenic/antimetastatic effects. Our data establish the preclinical activity of [V4Q5]dDAVP in aggressive breast cancer, providing the rationale for further clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Garona
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National University of Quilmes, Bernal, B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Pifano
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National University of Quilmes, Bernal, B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ulises D Orlando
- Biomedical Research Institute (INBIOMED), Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria B Pastrian
- School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nancy B Iannucci
- School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hugo H Ortega
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences (ICIVET-CONICET), National University of Litoral, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ernesto J Podesta
- Biomedical Research Institute (INBIOMED), Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel E Gomez
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National University of Quilmes, Bernal, B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Giselle V Ripoll
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National University of Quilmes, Bernal, B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel F Alonso
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National University of Quilmes, Bernal, B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Raditic DM, Bartges JW. Evidence-based Integrative Medicine in Clinical Veterinary Oncology. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2014; 44:831-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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29
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Shahzad Z, Rouached H, Rakha A. Combating Mineral Malnutrition through Iron and Zinc Biofortification of Cereals. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2014; 13:329-346. [PMID: 33412655 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Iron and zinc are 2 important nutrients in the human diet. Their deficiencies in humans lead to a variety of health-related problems. Iron and zinc biofortification of cereals is considered a cost-effective solution to overcome the malnutrition of these minerals. Biofortification aims at either increasing accumulation of these minerals in edible parts, endosperm, or to increase their bioavailability. Iron and zinc fertilization management positively influence their accumulation in cereal grains. Regarding genetic strategies, quantitative genetic studies show the existence of ample variation for iron and zinc accumulation as well as inhibitors or promoters of their bioavailability in cereal grains. However, the genes underlying this variation have rarely been identified and never used in breeding programs. Genetically modified cereals developed by modulation of genes involved in iron and zinc homeostasis, or genes influencing bioavailability, have shown promising results. However, iron and zinc concentration were quantified in the whole grains during most of the studies, whereas a significant proportion of them is lost during milling. This makes it difficult to realistically assess the effectiveness of the different strategies. Moreover, modifications in the accumulation of toxic elements, like cadmium and arsenic, that are of concern for food safety are rarely determined. Trials in living organisms with iron- and zinc-biofortified cereals also remain to be undertaken. This review focuses on the common challenges and their possible solutions related to agronomic as well as genetic iron and zinc biofortification of cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaigham Shahzad
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 Montpellier SupAgro/CNRS/INRA/Univ, Montpellier II, 2 Place Viala, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 1, France
| | - Hatem Rouached
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UMR 5004 Montpellier SupAgro/CNRS/INRA/Univ, Montpellier II, 2 Place Viala, F-34060 Montpellier cedex 1, France
| | - Allah Rakha
- Natl. Inst. of Food Science and Technology, Univ. of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Murgia I, Arosio P, Tarantino D, Soave C. Biofortification for combating 'hidden hunger' for iron. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 17:47-55. [PMID: 22093370 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiencies are responsible for so-called 'hidden undernutrition'. In particular, iron (Fe) deficiency adversely affects growth, immune function and can cause anaemia. However, supplementation of iron can exacerbate infectious diseases and current policies of iron therapy carefully evaluate the risks and benefits of these interventions. Here we review the approaches of biofortification of valuable crops for reducing 'hidden undernutrition' of iron in the light of the latest nutritional and medical advances. The increase of iron and prebiotics in edible parts of plants is expected to improve health, whereas the reduction of phytic acid concentration, in crops valuable for human diet, might be less beneficial for the developed countries, or for the developing countries exposed to endemic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Murgia
- Sezione di Fisiologia e Biochimica delle Piante, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Eiseman J, Lan J, Guo J, Joseph E, Vucenik I. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of inositol hexaphosphate in C.B17 SCID mice bearing human breast cancer xenografts. Metabolism 2011; 60:1465-74. [PMID: 21489580 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2011.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 02/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Inositol hexaphosphate (IP(6)) is effective in preclinical cancer prevention and chemotherapy. In addition to cancer, IP(6) has many other beneficial effects for human health, such as reduction in risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes and inhibition of kidney stone formation. Studies presented here describe the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and metabolism of IP(6) following intravenous (IV) or per os (PO) administration to mice. SCID mice bearing MDA-MB-231 xenografts were treated with 20 mg/kg IP(6) (3 μCi per mouse [(14)C]-uniformly ring-labeled IP(6)) and euthanized at various times after IP(6) treatment. Plasma and tissues were analyzed for [(14)C]-IP(6) and metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography with radioactivity detection. Following IV administration of IP(6), plasma IP(6) concentrations peaked at 5 minutes and were detectable until 45 minutes. Liver IP(6) concentrations were more than 10-fold higher than plasma concentrations, whereas other normal tissue concentrations were similar to plasma. Only inositol was detected in xenografts. After PO administration, IP(6) was detected in liver; but only inositol was detectable in other tissues. After both IV and PO administration, exogenous IP(6) was rapidly dephosphorylated to inositol; however, alterations in endogenous IPs were not examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Eiseman
- Molecular Therapeutics and Drug Discovery Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Stenman K, Stattin P, Stenlund H, Riklund K, Gröbner G, Bergh A. H HRMAS NMR Derived Bio-markers Related to Tumor Grade, Tumor Cell Fraction, and Cell Proliferation in Prostate Tissue Samples. Biomark Insights 2011; 6:39-47. [PMID: 21499438 PMCID: PMC3076017 DOI: 10.4137/bmi.s6794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A high-resolution magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopic approach is presented for evaluating the occurrence, amount and aggressiveness of cancer in human prostate tissue samples. Using this technique, key metabolites in malignant and non-malignant samples (n = 149) were identified, and patterns of their relative abundance were analyzed by multivariate statistical methods. Ratios of various metabolites – including (glycerophophorylcholine + phosphorylcholine)/creatine, myo-inositol/scyllo-inositol, scyllo-inositol/creatine, choline/creatine, and citrate/creatine – correlated with: i) for non-malignant tissue samples, the distance to the nearest tumor and its Gleason score and; ii) the fraction of tumor cells present in the sample; and iii) tumor cell proliferation (Ki67 labelling index). This NMR-based approach allows the extraction of information that could be useful for developing novel diagnostic methods for prostate cancer.
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