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Sun H, Liu J, Hu F, Xu M, Leng A, Jiang F, Chen K. Current research and management of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma/myofibrosarcoma. Front Genet 2023; 14:1109491. [PMID: 36873946 PMCID: PMC9978151 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1109491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS), once termed as malignant fibrous histiocytoma, has always been diagnosed exclusively in clinical practice because it lacks any defined resemblance to normal mesenchymal tissue. Although myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) has been separated from UPS due to its fibroblastic differentiation with myxoid stroma, UPS and MFS are still identified as a sarcoma group in terms of molecular landscapes. In this review article, we will describe the associated genes and signaling pathways involved in the process of sarcoma genesis and make a summary of conventional management, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and some novel potential treatments of UPS/MFS. With the progressive advancements in medical technology and a better understanding about the pathogenic mechanism of UPS/MFS in the coming decades, new lights will be shed on the successful management of UPS/MFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, Naval Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Zhoushan, China
| | - Jilu Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Naval Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Zhoushan, China
| | - Fangyuan Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Naval Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Zhoushan, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Naval Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Zhoushan, China
| | - Ao Leng
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Neonatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kefu Chen
- The No.988th hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of Ministry of Education and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Ibanez MA, Rismiller K, Knackstedt T. Prognostic factors, treatment, and survival in cutaneous pleomorphic sarcoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 83:388-396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Mass J(B, Talmon G. Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma of Liver: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Case Rep Pathol 2018; 2018:8031253. [PMID: 30105111 PMCID: PMC6076899 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8031253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS), previously known as malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), is rarely reported in the liver as a primary site. We report a case of a previously healthy 56-year-old male, who presented with abdominal pain and jaundice. The patient was originally diagnosed with cholecystitis, treated with cholecystectomy, which was complicated by abdominal abscess. One week following discharge, the patient was readmitted with fever, chills, and leukocytosis. Computed tomography (CT) guided liver biopsies demonstrated an epithelioid to spindle cell neoplasm with markedly atypical nuclei and prominent necrosis infiltrating between hepatocytes. Immunohistochemical studies were negative for epithelial, melanocytic, and hematolymphoid differentiation. Positron emission tomography (PET) was performed, which showed a single markedly hypermetabolic central hepatic mass (14 x 8.5 x 8.5 cm) with likely central necrosis, consistent with primary malignancy. The patient was treated with one cycle of chemotherapy (doxorubicin and ifosfamide), refusing additional cycle due to medication side effects. The patient subsequently succumbed to complications associated with the malignancy and died within 19 days of diagnosis.
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Establishment and proteomic characterization of a novel cell line, NCC-UPS2-C1, derived from a patient with undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2018; 54:257-263. [PMID: 29359268 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-018-0229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is an aggressive mesenchymal malignancy requiring novel therapeutic approaches to improve clinical outcome. Patient-derived cancer cell lines are an essential tool for investigating molecular mechanisms underlying cancer initiation and development; however, there is a lack of patient-derived cell lines of UPS available for research. The objective of this study was to develop a patient-derived cell model of UPS. A cell line designated NCC-UPS2-C1 was established from the primary tumor tissue of an 84-yr-old female patient with UPS. The short tandem repeat pattern of NCC-UPS2-C1 cells was identical to that of the original tumor and distinct from that of any other cell lines deposited in public cell banks. NCC-UPS2-C1 cells were maintained as a monolayer culture for over 80 passages during 30 mo and exhibited spindle-like morphology, continuous growth, and ability for spheroid formation and invasion. Proteomic profiling using mass spectrometry and functional treemap analysis revealed that the original tumor and the derived NCC-UPS2-C1 cells had similar but distinct protein expression patterns. Our results indicate that a novel UPS cell line was successfully established and could be used to study UPS development and effects of anti-cancer drugs. However, the revealed difference between proteomes of the original tumor and NCC-UPS2-C1 cells should be further investigated to determine the appropriate applications of this cell line in UPS research.
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Becker M, Graf C, Tonak M, Radsak MP, Bopp T, Bals R, Bohle RM, Theobald M, Rommens PM, Proschek D, Wehler TC. Xenograft models for undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma not otherwise specified are essential for preclinical testing of therapeutic agents. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:1257-1264. [PMID: 27446424 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma not otherwise specified belongs to the heterogeneous group of soft tissue tumors. It is preferentially located in the upper and lower extremities of the body, and surgical resection remains the only curative treatment. Preclinical animal models are crucial to improve the development of novel chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. However, this approach has been hampered by the lack of reproducible animal models. The present study established two xenograft animal models generated from stable non-clonal cell cultures, and investigated the difference in chemotherapeutic effects on tumor growth between undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma in vivo and in vitro. The cell cultures were generated from freshly isolated tumor tissues of two patients with undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. For the in vivo analysis, these cells were injected subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice. The mice were monitored for tumor appearance and treated with the most common or innovative chemotherapeutic agents available to date. Furthermore, the same drugs were administered to in vitro cell cultures. The most effective tumor growth inhibition in vitro was observed with doxorubicin and the histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), also known as vorinostat. In the in vivo xenograft mouse model, the combination of doxorubicin and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor pazopanib induced a significant tumor reduction. By contrast, treatment with vorinostat did not reduce the tumor growth. Taken together, the results obtained from drug testing in vitro differed significantly from the in vivo results. Therefore, the novel and reproducible xenograft animal model established in the present study demonstrated that in vivo models are required to test potential chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma prior to clinical use, since animal models are more similar to humans, compared with in vitro cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Becker
- Institute of Pathology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saarland D-66421, Germany; Interdisciplinary Sarcoma Working Group, Center of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate D-5513, Germany
| | - Claudine Graf
- III Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate D-55131, Germany
| | - Marcus Tonak
- Interdisciplinary Sarcoma Working Group, Center of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate D-5513, Germany; Department for Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg D-68167, Germany
| | - Markus P Radsak
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate D-55131, Germany
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate D-55131, Germany
| | - Robert Bals
- Department of Internal Medicine V - Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saarland D-66421, Germany
| | - Rainer M Bohle
- Institute of Pathology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saarland D-66421, Germany
| | - Matthias Theobald
- III Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate D-55131, Germany
| | - Pol-Maria Rommens
- Interdisciplinary Sarcoma Working Group, Center of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate D-5513, Germany
| | - Dirk Proschek
- Interdisciplinary Sarcoma Working Group, Center of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate D-5513, Germany
| | - Thomas C Wehler
- III Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate D-55131, Germany
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Bekki H, Kohashi K, Maekawa A, Yamada Y, Yamamoto H, Harimaya K, Hakozaki M, Nabeshima K, Iwamoto Y, Oda Y. Elevated expression of HSP90 and the antitumor effect of an HSP90 inhibitor via inactivation of the Akt/mTOR pathway in undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:804. [PMID: 26502919 PMCID: PMC4623920 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1830-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is a heterogeneous tumor group, and little is known about molecular target therapy for UPS. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is an expressed chaperone that refolds certain denatured proteins under stress conditions. One of these proteins is Akt. The disruption of Akt signaling plays an important role in tumor progression. The present study's purpose was to analyze the HSP90 expression, Akt/mTOR pathway activation and the correlation between HSP90 expression and its pathway activation in UPS. METHODS The status of HSP90 and the profiles of the Akt/ mTOR pathway were assessed by immunohistochemistry in 79 samples of UPS, and these data were compared with clinicopathological and histopathological findings. The expressions of indicated proteins were assessed by Western blotting in five frozen samples. After treating UPS cells with the HSP90 inhibitor, we assessed the antitumor effect of the inhibitor. RESULTS Immunohistochemically, phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), p-mTOR, p-S6RP and p-4EBP were positive in 57.3, 51.9, 54.5 and 57.1% of the UPS samples, respectively. The expressions of those phosphorylated proteins were correlated with each other. HSP90 expression was elevated in 56.4% of the samples and was correlated with p-Akt, p-mTOR and p-S6RP. The immunohistochemical results were confirmed by Western blotting. The HSP90 inhibitor led to decreased viability and invasiveness of the cells and inactivated the AKT/mTOR pathway in vitro. CONCLUSION Elevated expression of HSP90 is a poor-prognosis factor and is involved in the activation of the Akt/mTOR pathway in UPS. HSP90 inhibition is a potential treatment option for UPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Bekki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Kohashi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Akira Maekawa
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Yamada
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Hidetaka Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Katsumi Harimaya
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Michiyuki Hakozaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surger, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Nabeshima
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Yukihide Iwamoto
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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Lang J, Zhu W, Nokes B, Sheth G, Novak P, Fuchs L, Watts G, Futscher B, Mineyev N, Ring A, LeBeau L, Nagle R, Cranmer L. Characterization of a novel radiation-induced sarcoma cell line. J Surg Oncol 2015; 111:669-82. [PMID: 25644184 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation-induced sarcoma (RIS) is a potential complication of cancer treatment. No widely available cell line models exist to facilitate studies of RIS. METHODS We derived a spontaneously immortalized primary human cell line, UACC-SARC1, from a RIS. RESULTS Short tandem repeat (STR) profiling of UACC-SARC1 was virtually identical to its parental tumor. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of the tumor and immunocytochemistry (ICC) analysis of UACC-SARC1 revealed shared expression of vimentin, osteonectin, CD68, Ki67 and PTEN but tumor-restricted expression of the histiocyte markers α1-antitrypsin and α1-antichymotrypsin. Karyotyping of the tumor demonstrated aneuploidy. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) provided direct genetic comparison between the tumor and UACC-SARC1. Sequencing of 740 mutation hotspots revealed no mutations in UACC-SARC1 nor in the tumor. NOD/SCID gamma mouse xenografts demonstrated tumor formation and metastasis. Clonogenicity assays demonstrated that 90% of single cells produced viable colonies. NOD/SCID gamma mice produced useful patient-derived xenografts for orthotopic or metastatic models. CONCLUSION Our novel RIS strain constitutes a useful tool for pre-clinical studies of this rare, aggressive disease. UACC-SARC1 is an aneuploid cell line with complex genomics lacking common oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes as drivers of its biology. The UACC-SARC1 cell line will enable further studies of the drivers of RIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lang
- Department of Surgery and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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An approach to pleomorphic sarcomas: can we subclassify, and does it matter? Mod Pathol 2014; 27 Suppl 1:S39-46. [PMID: 24384852 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2013.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The term malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) has been supplanted by undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS). Even now, however, a number of pleomorphic neoplasms are classified as UPSs when in fact at least a subgroup of these can be more precisely classified as a pleomorphic sarcoma with a specific line of differentiation. Still others are pseudosarcomas, most commonly sarcomatoid carcinomas. This review will discuss historical aspects of MFH/UPS as well as provide an approach to the pleomorphic malignant neoplasm with a discussion of useful ancillary techniques in the evaluation of such cases.
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Hollmig TS, Kirkland BE, Henderson MT, Tang JY, Gladstone HB. The Evolving Conception and Management Challenges of Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma. Dermatol Surg 2012; 38:1922-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2012.02538.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Malignant fibrous histiocytoma: Changing perceptions and management challenges. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012; 67:1335-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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