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Müller GA, Ussar S, Tschöp MH, Müller TD. Age-dependent membrane release and degradation of full-length glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins in rats. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 190:111307. [PMID: 32628941 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are associated with the surface of eucaryotic cells only through a covalently coupled carboxy-terminal GPI glycolipid structure which is anchored at the outer leaflet of plasma membranes. This mode of membrane association may be responsible for the recent observations that full-length GPI-APs harbouring the complete GPI anchor are (i) released from isolated rat adipocytes in vitro and (ii) expressed in rat and human serum. The upregulation of the adipocyte release in response to increased cell size and blood glucose/insulin levels of the donor rats and downregulation of the expression in serum of insulin resistant and diabetic rats have been reconciled with enhanced degradation of the full-length GPI-APs released into micelle-like complexes together with (lyso) phospholipids and cholesterol by serum GPI-specific phospholipase D (GPI-PLD). Here by using a sensitive and reliable sensing method for full-length GPI-APs, which relies on surface acoustic waves propagating over microfluidic chips, the upregulation of (i) the release of the full-length GPI-APs CD73, alkaline phosphatase and CD55 from isolated adipocyte plasma membranes monitored in a "lab-on-the-chip" configuration, (ii) their release from isolated rat adipocytes into the incubation medium and (iii) the lipolytic cleavage of their GPI anchors in serum was demonstrated to increase with age (3-16 weeks) and body weight (87-477 g) of (healthy) donor rats. In contrast, the amount of full-length GPI-APs in rat serum, as determined by chip-based sensing, turned out to decline with age/body weight. These correlations suggest that age-/weight-induced alterations (in certain biophysical/biochemical characteristics) of plasma membranes are responsible for the release of full-length GPI-APs which becomes counteracted by elevated GPI-PLD activity in serum. Thus, sensitive and specific measurement of these GPI-AP-relevant parameters may be useful for monitoring of age-related cell surface changes, in general, and diseases, in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter A Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC) at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Oberschleissheim, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Oberschleissheim, Germany; Department Biology I, Genetics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg, Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Siegfried Ussar
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC) at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Oberschleissheim, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Oberschleissheim, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Oberschleissheim, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, München, Germany; Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC) at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Oberschleissheim, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Oberschleissheim, Germany; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics, Tübingen, Germany
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Efremov YR, Proskurina AS, Potter EA, Dolgova EV, Efremova OV, Taranov OS, Ostanin AA, Chernykh ER, Kolchanov NA, Bogachev SS. Cancer Stem Cells: Emergent Nature of Tumor Emergency. Front Genet 2018; 9:544. [PMID: 30505319 PMCID: PMC6250818 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A functional analysis of 167 genes overexpressed in Krebs-2 tumor initiating cells was performed. In the first part of the study, the genes were analyzed for their belonging to one or more of the three groups, which represent the three major phenotypic manifestation of malignancy of cancer cells, namely (1) proliferative self-sufficiency, (2) invasive growth and metastasis, and (3) multiple drug resistance. 96 genes out of 167 were identified as possible contributors to at least one of these fundamental properties. It was also found that substantial part of these genes are also known as genes responsible for formation and/or maintenance of the stemness of normal pluri-/multipotent stem cells. These results suggest that the malignancy is simply the ability to maintain the stem cell specific genes expression profile, and, as a consequence, the stemness itself regardless of the controlling effect of stem niches. In the second part of the study, three stress factors combined into the single concept of "generalized cellular stress," which are assumed to activate the expression of these genes, were defined. In addition, possible mechanisms for such activation were identified. The data obtained suggest the existence of a mechanism for the de novo formation of a pluripotent/stem phenotype in the subpopulation of "committed" tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav R Efremov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia S Proskurina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Potter
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgenia V Dolgova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oksana V Efremova
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg S Taranov
- The State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Aleksandr A Ostanin
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena R Chernykh
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Kolchanov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey S Bogachev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Morikawa K, Hanada H, Hirota K, Nonaka M, Ikeda C. All-trans retinoic acid displays multiple effects on the growth, lipogenesis and adipokine gene expression of AML-I preadipocyte cell line. Cell Biol Int 2012; 37:36-46. [PMID: 23319320 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a potential site of retinoic acid (RA) action, but its physiological significance remains to be clarified. We have examined the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on growth and differentiation of preadipocytes, and on adipokine gene expression in mature adipocytes using human preadipocyte cell model, AML-I. Both ATRA and 9-cis RA induced growth arrest in AML-I preadipocyte at between 50 and 100 µM, which was accompanied by apoptosis. Western blotting showed a loss of NF-κB, Bcl-2 and p-Akt, and the accumulation of Bad and Akt in cytoplasm of ATRA-treated AML-I preadipocytes. Exposure of AML-I to ATRA or 9-cis RA increased intracellular lipid accumulation in a time-dependent manner compared to vehicle-treated cells. Expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) proteins was increased in ATRA-treated cells. Thus, both ATRA and 9-cis RA promoted differentiation, inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in AML-I preadipocytes. ATRA also modulated adipokine expression by increasing the mRNA level of adipocytokines (adiponectin, leptin and LPL), and by inhibiting PAI-1 mRNA expression in mature AML-I adipocytes. The data suggest that ATRA exerts a wide range of effects--growth arrest, apoptosis, lipogenesis and modulation of adipokine gene expression--during the maturation of preadipocytes into adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Morikawa
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Science, Sagami Women's University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 228-8533, Japan.
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Pignolo RJ, Kassem M. Circulating osteogenic cells: implications for injury, repair, and regeneration. J Bone Miner Res 2011; 26:1685-93. [PMID: 21538513 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide a critical reading of recent literature pertaining to the presence of circulating, fluid-phase osteoblastic cells and their possible contribution to bone formation. We have termed this group of cells collectively as circulating osteogenic precursor (COP) cells. We present evidence for their existence, methods used for their isolation and identification, possible physiological and pathophysiological roles, cellular origins, and possible mechanisms for their migration to target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Pignolo
- Department of Medicine and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6081, USA.
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