1
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Chen K, Gong W, Huang J, Yoshimura T, Ming Wang J. Developmental and homeostatic signaling transmitted by the G-protein coupled receptor FPR2. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110052. [PMID: 37003185 PMCID: PMC10149111 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) and its mouse counterpart Fpr2 are the members of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. FPR2 is the only member of the FPRs that interacts with ligands from different sources. FPR2 is expressed in myeloid cells as well as epithelial cells, endothelial cells, neurons, and hepatocytes. During the past years, some unusual properties of FPR2 have attracted intense attention because FPR2 appears to possess dual functions by activating or inhibiting intracellular signal pathways based on the nature, concentration of the ligands, and the temporal and spatial settings of the microenvironment in vivo, the cell types it interacts with. Therefore, FPR2 controls an abundant array of developmental and homeostatic signaling cascades, in addition to its "classical" capacity to mediate the migration of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells including malignant cells. In this review, we summarize recent development in FPR2 research, particularly in its role in diseases, therefore helping to establish FPR2 as a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang Chen
- Laboratory of Cancer Innovation, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Wanghua Gong
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jiaqiang Huang
- Laboratory of Cancer Innovation, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA; College of Life Sciences, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Teizo Yoshimura
- Laboratory of Cancer Innovation, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- Laboratory of Cancer Innovation, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
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2
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Zhao C, Yan S, Song Y, Xia X. Roles of Antimicrobial Peptides in Gynecological Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710104. [PMID: 36077500 PMCID: PMC9456504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are essential components of the mucosal barrier of the female reproductive tract (FRT) and are involved in many important physiological processes, including shaping the microbiota and maintaining normal reproduction and pregnancy. Gynecological cancers seriously threaten women's health and bring a heavy burden to society so that new strategies are needed to deal with these diseases. Recent studies have suggested that AMPs also have a complex yet intriguing relationship with gynecological cancers. The expression level of AMPs changes during tumor progression and they may act as promising biomarkers in cancer detection and prognosis prediction. Although AMPs have long been considered as host protective, they actually play a "double-edged sword" role in gynecological cancers, either tumorigenic or antitumor, depending on factors such as AMP and cancer types, as well as AMP concentrations. Moreover, AMPs are associated with chemoresistance and regulation of AMPs' expression may alter sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy. However, more work is needed, especially on the identification of molecular mechanisms of AMPs in the FRT, as well as the clinical application of these AMPs in detection, diagnosis and treatment of gynecological malignancies.
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Bryzgunova OE, Konoshenko MY, Laktionov PP. Concentration of cell-free DNA in different tumor types. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2020; 21:63-75. [PMID: 33270495 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2020.1860021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) circulates in the blood for a long time. The levels of cfDNA in the blood are assayed in cancer diagnostics because they are closely related to the tumor burden of patients.Areas covered: cfDNA escapes the action of DNA-hydrolyzing enzymes, being a part of supramolecular complexes or interacting with the plasma membrane of blood cells. cfDNA has heterogeneous size and composition, which impose various restrictions on both isolation methods and subsequent analysis. cfDNA concentration and structural changes with the development of diseases highlight the high potential of cfDNA as a diagnostic and prognostic marker. The concentration of cfDNA released in the blood by tumor cells determines the specificity of such diagnostics and the required blood volume. The present review aimed to synthesize the available data on cfDNA concentration in the cancer patient's blood as well as pre-analytical, analytical, and biological factors, which interfere with cfDNA concentration.Expert opinion: The concentration of cfDNA and tumor cell DNA (ctDNA), and the over-presentation of DNA loci in cfDNA must be considered when looking for tumor markers. Some inconsistent data on cfDNA concentrations (like those obtained by different methods) suggest that the study of cfDNA should be continued.
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Affiliation(s)
- O E Bryzgunova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Meshalkin Siberian Federal Biomedical Research Center, Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M Yu Konoshenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Meshalkin Siberian Federal Biomedical Research Center, Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - P P Laktionov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Meshalkin Siberian Federal Biomedical Research Center, Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
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4
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Tian C, Chen K, Gong W, Yoshimura T, Huang J, Wang JM. The G-Protein Coupled Formyl Peptide Receptors and Their Role in the Progression of Digestive Tract Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820973280. [PMID: 33251986 PMCID: PMC7705772 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820973280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a causative factor of many cancers, although it
originally acts as a protective host response to the loss of tissue homeostasis.
Many inflammatory conditions predispose susceptible cells, most of which are of
epithelial origin, to neoplastic transformation. There is a close correlation
between digestive tract (DT) cancer and chronic inflammation, such as esophageal
adenocarcinoma associated with Barrett’s esophagus, helicobacter
pylori infection as the cause of stomach cancer, hepatitis leading
to liver cirrhosis and subsequent cancer, and colon cancer linking to
inflammatory bowel diseases and schistosomiasis. A prominent
feature of malignant transformation of DT tract epithelial cells is their
adoption of somatic gene mutations resulting in abnormal expression of proteins
that endow the cells with unlimited proliferation as well as increased motility
and invasive capabilities. Many of these events are mediated by Gi-protein
coupled chemoattractant receptors (GPCRs) including formyl peptide receptors
(FPRs in human, Fprs in mice). In this article, we review the current
understanding of FPRs (Fprs) and their function in DT cancer types as well as
their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuimeng Tian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Cancer ImmunoMetabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Keqiang Chen
- Laboratory of Cancer ImmunoMetabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Wanghua Gong
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Teizo Yoshimura
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jiaqiang Huang
- Laboratory of Cancer ImmunoMetabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA.,Laboratory of Cancer Basic Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute/Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- Laboratory of Cancer ImmunoMetabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
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5
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Zhang M, Liang W, Gong W, Yoshimura T, Chen K, Wang JM. The Critical Role of the Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37/ CRAMP in Protection of Colon Microbiota Balance, Mucosal Homeostasis, Anti-Inflammatory Responses, and Resistance to Carcinogenesis. Crit Rev Immunol 2019; 39:83-92. [PMID: 31679249 PMCID: PMC11000334 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2019030225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mouse cathelin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) and its homologue human cathelicidin (LL-37) play active roles in innate immune responses, angiogenesis, and wound healing. In addition, LL-37/CRAMP fends off microbes and protects against infections in the colon, where the epithelium is exposed to myriad of enteric pathogens. It is increasingly recognized that LL-37/CRAMP maintains colon mucosal barrier integrity, shapes the composition of microbiota, and protects the host from tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss the importance of LL-37/CRAMP in the homeostasis of the host, with novel findings derived from mice deficient in CRAMP that support the proposition for this natural antimicrobial peptide and an immune modulator as a drug lead for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Weiwei Liang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology of Ministry of Health, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wanghua Gong
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland
| | - Teizo Yoshimura
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keqiang Chen
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
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Chen K, Bao Z, Gong W, Tang P, Yoshimura T, Wang JM. Regulation of inflammation by members of the formyl-peptide receptor family. J Autoimmun 2017; 85:64-77. [PMID: 28689639 PMCID: PMC5705339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is associated with a variety of diseases. The hallmark of inflammation is leukocyte infiltration at disease sites in response to pathogen- or damage-associated chemotactic molecular patterns (PAMPs and MAMPs), which are recognized by a superfamily of seven transmembrane, Gi-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on cell surface. Chemotactic GPCRs are composed of two major subfamilies: the classical GPCRs and chemokine GPCRs. Formyl-peptide receptors (FPRs) belong to the classical chemotactic GPCR subfamily with unique properties that are increasingly appreciated for their expression on diverse host cell types and the capacity to interact with a plethora of chemotactic PAMPs and MAMPs. Three FPRs have been identified in human: FPR1-FPR3, with putative corresponding mouse counterparts. FPR expression was initially described in myeloid cells but subsequently in many non-hematopoietic cells including cancer cells. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that FPRs possess multiple functions in addition to controlling inflammation, and participate in the processes of many pathophysiologic conditions. They are not only critical mediators of myeloid cell trafficking, but are also implicated in tissue repair, angiogenesis and protection against inflammation-associated tumorigenesis. A series recent discoveries have greatly expanded the scope of FPRs in host defense which uncovered the essential participation of FPRs in step-wise trafficking of myeloid cells including neutrophils and dendritic cells (DCs) in host responses to bacterial infection, tissue injury and wound healing. Also of great interest is the FPRs are exploited by malignant cancer cells for their growth, invasion and metastasis. In this article, we review the current understanding of FPRs concerning their expression in a vast array of cell types, their involvement in guiding leukocyte trafficking in pathophysiological conditions, and their capacity to promote the differentiation of immune cells, their participation in tumor-associated inflammation and cancer progression. The close association of FPRs with human diseases and cancer indicates their potential as targets for the development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang Chen
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Zhiyao Bao
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA; Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wanghua Gong
- Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Peng Tang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA; Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Teizo Yoshimura
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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Zhi Y, Gao P, Xin X, Li W, Ji L, Zhang L, Zhang X, Zhang J. Clinical significance of sCD163 and its possible role in asthma (Review). Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2931-2939. [PMID: 28350095 PMCID: PMC5428902 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages exert important functions in the balance and efficiency of immune responses, and participate in innate and adaptive immunity. The proinflammatory actions of macrophages are implicated in autoimmune diseases. Unlike classically activated M1 macrophages, the alternatively activated cluster of differentiation (CD)163+ and CD206+ M2 macrophages are involved in tissue repair and wound healing, and use oxidative metabolism to support their long-term functions. CD163 is a member of the scavenger receptor superfamily, categorized into class B, and its soluble(s) form, sCD163, is a marker of activated M2 macrophages. CD163 is selectively expressed in cells of the monocyte and macrophage lineages; however, its biological role has yet to be elucidated. The expression of sCD163 is markedly induced by anti-inflammatory mediators, such as glucocorticoids and interleukin-10, whereas it is inhibited by proinflammatory mediators, such as interferon-γ. These findings suggest that CD163 may serve as a potential target for the therapeutic modulation of inflammatory responses. The concentration of sCD163 in blood is associated with acute and chronic inflammatory processes in autoimmune disorders of connective tissue, fat metabolism and cardiovascular diseases, and it can be used for the assessment of cancer prognosis. A role for sCD163 in the pathogenesis of asthma has also been proposed. The present review serves to present the available knowledge concerning the implication of sCD163 in the pathophysiological mechanisms of asthma, and evaluate its potential as a biomarker and possible therapeutic target for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P.R. China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P.R. China
| | - Xiuqin Xin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P.R. China
| | - Lei Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P.R. China
| | - Xueyang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P.R. China
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8
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Piktel E, Niemirowicz K, Wnorowska U, Wątek M, Wollny T, Głuszek K, Góźdź S, Levental I, Bucki R. The Role of Cathelicidin LL-37 in Cancer Development. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2015; 64:33-46. [PMID: 26395996 PMCID: PMC4713713 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-015-0359-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
LL-37 is a C-terminal peptide proteolytically released from 18 kDa human cathelicidin protein (hCAP18). Chronic infections, inflammation, tissue injury and tissue regeneration are all linked with neoplastic growth, and involve LL-37 antibacterial and immunomodulatory functions. Such a link points to the possible involvement of LL-37 peptide in carcinogenesis. An increasing amount of evidence suggests that LL-37 can have two different and contradictory effects--promotion or inhibition of tumor growth. The mechanisms are tissue-specific, complex, and depend mostly on the ability of LL-37 to act as a ligand for different membrane receptors whose expression varies on different cancer cells. Overexpression of LL-37 was found to promote development and progression of ovarian, lung and breast cancers, and to suppress tumorigenesis in colon and gastric cancer. This review explores and summarizes the current views on how LL-37 contributes to immunity, pathophysiology and cell signaling involved in malignant tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Piktel
- Department of Microbiological and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Niemirowicz
- Department of Microbiological and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - Urszula Wnorowska
- Department of Microbiological and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - Marzena Wątek
- Holy Cross Oncology Center of Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wollny
- Holy Cross Oncology Center of Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | | | - Stanisław Góźdź
- The Faculty of Health Sciences of The Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland
| | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Microbiological and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222, Białystok, Poland.
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Microbiology of Infections, Faculty of Health Sciences of The Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland.
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9
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LAPUC IZABELA, BOLKUN LUKASZ, ELJASZEWICZ ANDRZEJ, RUSAK MALGORZATA, LUKSZA EWA, SINGH PAULINA, MIKLASZ PAULA, PISZCZ JAROSLAW, PTASZYNSKA-KOPCZYNSKA KATARZYNA, JASIEWICZ MALGORZATA, KAMINSKI KAROL, DABROWSKA MILENA, BODZENTA-LUKASZYK ANNA, KLOCZKO JANUSZ, MONIUSZKO MARCIN. Circulating classical CD14++CD16− monocytes predict shorter time to initial treatment in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients: Differential effects of immune chemotherapy on monocyte-related membrane and soluble forms of CD163. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:1269-78. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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10
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Ye S, Dawson JA, Kendziorski C. Extending information retrieval methods to personalized genomic-based studies of disease. Cancer Inform 2015; 13:85-95. [PMID: 25733795 PMCID: PMC4332045 DOI: 10.4137/cin.s16354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic-based studies of disease now involve diverse types of data collected on large groups of patients. A major challenge facing statistical scientists is how best to combine the data, extract important features, and comprehensively characterize the ways in which they affect an individual’s disease course and likelihood of response to treatment. We have developed a survival-supervised latent Dirichlet allocation (survLDA) modeling framework to address these challenges. Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) models have proven extremely effective at identifying themes common across large collections of text, but applications to genomics have been limited. Our framework extends LDA to the genome by considering each patient as a “document” with “text” detailing his/her clinical events and genomic state. We then further extend the framework to allow for supervision by a time-to-event response. The model enables the efficient identification of collections of clinical and genomic features that co-occur within patient subgroups, and then characterizes each patient by those features. An application of survLDA to The Cancer Genome Atlas ovarian project identifies informative patient subgroups showing differential response to treatment, and validation in an independent cohort demonstrates the potential for patient-specific inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Ye
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - John A Dawson
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christina Kendziorski
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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11
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Bryzgunova O, Laktionov P. Generation of blood circulating DNA: the sources, peculiarities of circulation and structure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 61:409-26. [DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20156104409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular nucleic acids (exNA) were described in blood of both healthy and illness people as early as in 1948, but staied overlooked until middle 60-th. Starting from the beginning of new millennium and mainly in the last 5 years exNA are intensively studied. Main attention is directed to investigation of exNA as the source of diagnostic material whereas the mechanisms of their generation, as well as mechanisms to providing long-term circulation of exNA in the bloodstream are not established unambiguously. According to some authors, the main source of circulating nucleic acids in blood are the processes of apoptosis and necrosis, while others refer to the possible nucleic acid secretion by healthy and tumor cells. Circulating DNA were found to be stable in the blood for a long time, escaping from the action of DNA hydrolyzing enzymes and are apparently packed in different supramolecular complexes. This review presents the opinions of various authors and evidence in favor of all the theories describingappearance of extracellular DNA, the features of the circulation and structure of the extracellular DNA and factors affecting the time of DNA circulation in blood
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Affiliation(s)
- O.E. Bryzgunova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - P.P. Laktionov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
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12
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Bryzgunova OE, Laktionov PP. Generation of blood circulating DNAs: Sources, features of struction and circulation. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW-SUPPLEMENT SERIES B-BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750814030020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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13
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Kottas M, Kuss O, Zapf A. A modified Wald interval for the area under the ROC curve (AUC) in diagnostic case-control studies. BMC Med Res Methodol 2014; 14:26. [PMID: 24552686 PMCID: PMC3938139 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2288-14-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, referred to as the AUC, is an appropriate measure for describing the overall accuracy of a diagnostic test or a biomarker in early phase trials without having to choose a threshold. There are many approaches for estimating the confidence interval for the AUC. However, all are relatively complicated to implement. Furthermore, many approaches perform poorly for large AUC values or small sample sizes. Methods The AUC is actually a probability. So we propose a modified Wald interval for a single proportion, which can be calculated on a pocket calculator. We performed a simulation study to compare this modified Wald interval (without and with continuity correction) with other intervals regarding coverage probability and statistical power. Results The main result is that the proposed modified Wald intervals maintain and exploit the type I error much better than the intervals of Agresti-Coull, Wilson, and Clopper-Pearson. The interval suggested by Bamber, the Mann-Whitney interval without transformation and also the interval of the binormal AUC are very liberal. For small sample sizes the Wald interval with continuity has a comparable coverage probability as the LT interval and higher power. For large sample sizes the results of the LT interval and of the Wald interval without continuity correction are comparable. Conclusions If individual patient data is not available, but only the estimated AUC and the total sample size, the modified Wald intervals can be recommended as confidence intervals for the AUC. For small sample sizes the continuity correction should be used.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonia Zapf
- Institute for Biostatistics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str, 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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14
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Toss A, De Matteis E, Rossi E, Casa LD, Iannone A, Federico M, Cortesi L. Ovarian cancer: can proteomics give new insights for therapy and diagnosis? Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:8271-90. [PMID: 23591842 PMCID: PMC3645742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14048271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of the ovarian proteomic profile represents a new frontier in ovarian cancer research, since this approach is able to enlighten the wide variety of post-translational events (such as glycosylation and phosphorylation). Due to the possibility of analyzing thousands of proteins, which could be simultaneously altered, comparative proteomics represent a promising model of possible biomarker discovery for ovarian cancer detection and monitoring. Moreover, defining signaling pathways in ovarian cancer cells through proteomic analysis offers the opportunity to design novel drugs and to optimize the use of molecularly targeted agents against crucial and biologically active pathways. Proteomic techniques provide more information about different histological types of ovarian cancer, cell growth and progression, genes related to tumor microenvironment and specific molecular targets predictive of response to chemotherapy than sequencing or microarrays. Estimates of specificity with proteomics are less consistent, but suggest a new role for combinations of biomarkers in early ovarian cancer diagnosis, such as the OVA1 test. Finally, the definition of the proteomic profiles in ovarian cancer would be accurate and effective in identifying which pathways are differentially altered, defining the most effective therapeutic regimen and eventually improving health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Toss
- Department of Oncology & Haematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy; E-Mails: (A.T.); (E.D.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Elisabetta De Matteis
- Department of Oncology & Haematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy; E-Mails: (A.T.); (E.D.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Elena Rossi
- ProteoWork Lab, the Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy; E-Mails: (E.R.); (L.D.C.); (A.I.)
| | - Lara Della Casa
- ProteoWork Lab, the Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy; E-Mails: (E.R.); (L.D.C.); (A.I.)
| | - Anna Iannone
- ProteoWork Lab, the Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy; E-Mails: (E.R.); (L.D.C.); (A.I.)
| | - Massimo Federico
- Department of Oncology & Haematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy; E-Mails: (A.T.); (E.D.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Laura Cortesi
- Department of Oncology & Haematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy; E-Mails: (A.T.); (E.D.M.); (M.F.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +39-059-4224-334; Fax: +39-059-4224-152
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